如何展開雅思寫作大作文的主體段？

　　雅思寫作是許多雅思考生最為頭疼的，同時也是得分最不理想的一個部分。在寫作實戰(zhàn)中，考生遇到的問題往往有以下幾種：一、時間不充足。很多考生在寫作中手忙腳亂，不知從何處下手，思緒無法集中，因而時間不夠用，導致寫作任務無法完成，由此導致失分嚴重。二、字數(shù)不夠，尤其是大作文。很多考生的寫作過程可謂是非常痛苦，因為他們就是在想方設法硬湊字數(shù)，可想過程是過么辛苦加痛苦。即使字數(shù)夠了，在這種情況下擠牙膏似的擠出來的文章質(zhì)量能又能有多高呢?？忌静粫紤]到文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯，更不會有一氣呵成，行云流水般的美感了。三、在寫作過程中思緒萬千，洋洋灑灑寫了許多，但是卻不能得高分，因為考生在寫的過程中是想到什么就寫什么，更有甚者是一句話可能會來來回回重復幾次。他們根本不知道雅思寫作的特點，不知道如何安排文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，如何提出論點，如何論證，如何展開段落，因而整片文章就像一盤散沙，會存在論點不明確、論證論據(jù)缺乏力度、結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯混亂等問題。

　　雅思大作文要求在40分鐘內(nèi)完成250字的寫作，對于大部分中國考生來說，還是比較困難的，因為不管是在中學還是在大學，他們遇到的英文寫作一般都是120字，大學英語六級也只有150字。因此，考生們覺得很難高質(zhì)量地完成250字的英文寫作也是情理之中。筆者認為，造成這個問題的主要原因是考生們不知如何展開段落，如何提出觀點，然后進行論證。雅思大作文一般分為開頭段、主體段和結(jié)論段。其中，開頭段和結(jié)論段所占字數(shù)較少，而且寫起來相對容易。而主體段字數(shù)較多，寫起來要復雜的多?？梢哉f，主體段的寫作直接關系著能否滿足字數(shù)要求，而且也最能體現(xiàn)文章的邏輯性。

　　主體段落一般由主題句和擴展句構(gòu)成。主題句一般放在第一句，是段落核心，用來概括全段內(nèi)容。主題句分為籠統(tǒng)主題句和具體主題句?；\統(tǒng)主體句的作用是引出下文，點明方向，具體主題句則概況下面內(nèi)容的核心主題。僅有主題觀點是不夠的，還要對其進行論證，也就是圍繞主題進行論證，對其進行說明、敘述、舉例及論述。

　　一、舉實例論證。

　　有些考生在開頭提出觀點之后，就不知道該如何繼續(xù)下去。這種情況下，考生可以舉實例論證，舉例是我們解釋論證一個觀點最好的方式，也是最有說服力的。

　　Although sticking to one’s goal is key to success, sometimes one should be ready to give up. Napoleon’s story is a case in point. After Napoleon succeeded in seizing the crown of France, he should have been satisfied with his achievement. But he did not. He went on to conquer the whole Europe. Then after he succeeded in ruling almost the whole Europe, he should have given up this ambition to expanding his empire. But he did not. He went on to invade Russia and there he suffered a total defeat. Later he was sent into exile and died in a lonely island.

　　本段引用了拿破侖的事跡來加以論證。拿破侖是家喻戶曉的人物，而且最后決定拿破侖及其帝國命運的滑鐵盧戰(zhàn)役也是大家都知曉的。通過這個例子來說明在適當?shù)臅r候?qū)W會放棄是很有說服力的。在舉例時，最好選擇一些大家都知曉的，這樣才能更有說服力。當然考生也可以用自己的親身經(jīng)歷來加以論證。

　　The second reason for my propensity for outdoor activities is that they can build my mind greatly. In sports, one must learn to struggle for the victory, learn to fight with no matter what is left in his body. And one must learn to stick to one’s own confidence and hope, no matter how little the hope may be. And one must learn to accept failure, learn to start again after failure. Long-running and mountain climbing contribute much to this kind of spirits. I will never forget the feeling when I raced to the final line first in a 300-meter running. I could hardly breathe in the last 100 meters. My lungs ached and my legs weighed tons, but there was still one runner in front of me. I gave all my strength to move one foot ahead of the other. When I surpassed him, he gave a cry of surprise, I won at last and I learned much from the race.

　　文章在提出主題句后，先是加以論述，然后用長跑和爬山作為例子。最后又用自己的親身經(jīng)歷和感受來論證室外活動可以增強一個人的毅力。

　　二、用一些研究、調(diào)查、發(fā)現(xiàn)、科學家及權威人士的觀點或組織機構(gòu)的研究結(jié)果加以論證，并引用數(shù)據(jù)作為支撐。此論證方法的好處就是比較權威客觀，更有說服力。

　　If people move to live in different places, they will have more opportunity for improving their lives. According to a survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 55% of urban Chinese had changed their living place at least once in their lifetime by 2000, an increase of 30 percent as compared with that of 2 decades ago. Chinese sociologists agree that this trend is most likely to continue with the development society. Statistics indicate that people who moved at least once in their lifetime enjoy a much higher living standard than those who never moved.

　　本段先是引用中科院的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)加以論證，然后用某些專家和數(shù)據(jù)繼續(xù)加以論證。有一點值得注意，很多考生并不知道真實的數(shù)據(jù)，考試中往往是自己的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。所以沒有把握的情況下，盡量不要去寫那些眾所周知的人或者機構(gòu)，可以模糊地用某個機構(gòu)或某個學者，數(shù)據(jù)上也千萬不要太夸張，只要能達到有力夠論證自己的觀點即可。

　　三、通過比較和對比方式來論證，這樣兩個事物、行為或者觀點的利弊就非常明顯。

　　Those who believe in the measure say that students benefit a lot from traveling or working for a year before their formal university education. First, they can more broadly acquainted themselves with the society, deepen their understanding of the outside world, and thus better coordinate their objectives of learning with the needs of the society. In contrast, by immediate entrance to university they can not steer the direction of their study well and may display a poor combination of the theory with practice. Second, study at high school is really exhausting, especially when to win college admission. So it is necessary to grant these children a relatively long period of relaxation or buffer, say, traveling or working for a year, to loosen the chords of their brain, so that when they go back to school later again, they can become completely refreshed and rejuvenated.

　　這篇文章是關于上大學前是否應該用一年的時間來旅游或者工作進行論證。此段的主題是學生在進入大學學習之前花一年時間進行旅游或工作的話，會讓他們受益匪淺。對比點是：進入大學之前一年進行旅游或工作有利于讓學生廣泛了解社會，加深他們對外界的理解，因此能讓他們更好地協(xié)調(diào)好學習目標和社會的需要。相對比之下，直接進入大學學習的話，他們不能夠把握學習的方向，而且有可能會產(chǎn)生理論和實踐相脫節(jié)。通過此番對比，旅游或工作一年對于即將步入大學的學生們的好處是顯而易見，段落的主題句得到有力的論證。

　　四、通過假設進行正反論述。

　　Then, since the transportation system is the lifeline of a country’s economic activities, its paralysis would lead to the disintegration of the economy, either industry of farming or daylife. Suppose all the means of transportation were halted for lack of oil, factories with insufficient raw materials would have to close, workers would be out of work, and ripe farm crops would have to stay in the fields at the mercy of rain and storms. People would try to store food and the price of all commodities would go up. If we take those power stations run by oil into account, situations would become even worse. In this sense, oil decides the fate of the whole economy and that of the government.

　　通過假設得出了一系列的可怕的后果，最后再得出結(jié)論，這樣的結(jié)論是發(fā)人深省，當然也是最能引起人們廣泛重視的。

　　五、換種說法，換而言之。

　　The computer technology has no doubt at all replaced most of function, that is, we can read books from the academic database; newspapers and publishes from almost everywhere, this means that we do not need many hard copies and environment friendly for the earth. However I am not so much convinced that public libraries can replace other functions that we need other than providing information or books.

　　換而言之就是換種方式去解釋，使解釋更加具體直觀話，因而更能被理解并接受。

　　以上就是我對展開雅思大作文主體段的一些個人見解，希望對大家有所幫助!