關(guān)于“審題”的3大死穴及其求生之道

對(duì)于雅思寫(xiě)作task2文而言，審題貫穿四大評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其重要性也是可見(jiàn)一斑。其中影響最大的就是Task Response這一部分。

 

 

審題重要性

要寫(xiě)出高分作文就必須sufficiently addresses all parts of the task即充分回應(yīng)寫(xiě)作任務(wù)的各個(gè)部分。如果審題錯(cuò)誤，那么文章大部分篇幅都沒(méi)有在回答問(wèn)題，或者只是回答了部分問(wèn)題，如果分論點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤，那么也就不可能presents a well-developed response to the question with relevant, extended and supported ideas就寫(xiě)作任務(wù)中的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行較為充分的回應(yīng)，并提出相關(guān)的、得以延伸的以及含有論據(jù)的論點(diǎn)。其次會(huì)影響的就是Coherence and Cohesion，雖然審題錯(cuò)誤并不怎么影響manage all aspects of cohesion well各種銜接手段運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，以及uses paragraphing sufficiently and appropriately充分且合理地使用分段，但是sequences information and ideas logically將信息與論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有邏輯的排序會(huì)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。最后影響到的是Lexical Resource，所有詞匯的使用可能并不扣題，也是達(dá)到高分的阻礙之一，而對(duì)于Grammatical Range and Accuracy，也就是語(yǔ)法部分的影響比較小。

審題中常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤

1. 偏題

在雅思大作文中，如果審題不清很容易出現(xiàn)文不對(duì)題，即偏題。而當(dāng)考官在評(píng)判這類(lèi)文章的時(shí)候，通常有兩種可能：如果文章本身寫(xiě)的不好，考官可能認(rèn)為是考生的能力問(wèn)題;如果考生的寫(xiě)作水平比較高或者寫(xiě)的非常準(zhǔn)確，考官很有可能認(rèn)為這篇文章有背誦的嫌疑，因?yàn)槲恼卤旧砗皖}目是對(duì)不上的。所以考生應(yīng)該關(guān)注文章本身的內(nèi)容，一定要是準(zhǔn)確回答問(wèn)題。針對(duì)這部分的學(xué)習(xí)，建議考生可以通過(guò)一些機(jī)經(jīng)和教材重點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練一下審題的能力。

如在劍橋雅思11的真題：

Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement.

To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste?

這道題目就審題部分而言，考官希望考生分析是否有必要建立法律強(qiáng)制人們回收垃圾?？墒窃诠俜浇o出的5分文章中，考生一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)政府要提供物資加強(qiáng)宣傳，沒(méi)有正面回答是否要建立法律，更有趣的是考生還在最后說(shuō)道學(xué)校老師要做什么事情，完全脫離政府這個(gè)對(duì)象，所以考生嚴(yán)重偏題，只能拿5分。

2. 漏題

有些題目比較長(zhǎng)，考生們很容易會(huì)漏掉題目中的某些重要信息，文章可能花了很多篇幅卻只回答了題目中的一個(gè)小問(wèn)題，還有其他問(wèn)題可能只回答了一部分或者壓根沒(méi)有說(shuō)到。小站雅思編輯提醒：這時(shí)候烤鴨可以多找一些比較長(zhǎng)的題目，找出其中的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組，并且試著讓他們用自己的語(yǔ)言來(lái)重寫(xiě)題目中的信息內(nèi)容。

比如在劍橋雅思10的真題：

In many countries, the amount of crime is increasing.

What do you think are the main causes of crime?

How can we deal with those causes?

在官方給出的5分文章中，就審題部分來(lái)說(shuō)，低分考生完全忽視了第二個(gè)問(wèn)題How can we deal with those causes，因?yàn)檫@位考生的作文只回答了犯罪的原因，并且舉例自己聽(tīng)說(shuō)的一個(gè)犯罪行為。犯罪原因?qū)?yīng)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題main causes，而舉例部分卻沒(méi)有回答解決方式屬于冗余部分，所以考生只能拿5分。

 

 

3. 蒙題

雅思大作文考題尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)的，話題偏重于社會(huì)話題，語(yǔ)言偏書(shū)面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏許多年紀(jì)較大的考生，都會(huì)有此感慨：題目有單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)?？忌鷤冏顡?dān)心的就是萬(wàn)一考題中有單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)該怎么辦，的確，有些考生詞匯量少，是有可能不認(rèn)識(shí)一些詞的。比如，有一篇講juvenile delinquents的，就有不少考生不認(rèn)識(shí)這兩個(gè)字，因?yàn)樯~導(dǎo)致作文理解失誤，最終使文章偏題。小站雅思編輯提醒：考生可以從“寫(xiě)作機(jī)經(jīng)”開(kāi)始，找出題干中的頻率較高的核心詞?；蛘?，考生可以根據(jù)題目的上下文來(lái)猜測(cè)難詞的意義。

比如以下題目中就有生詞、難詞：

Some people think that people will forget their own tradition and history because they no longer wear their traditional costumes. Do you agree or disagree?

針對(duì)上題，難詞costumes，可以通過(guò)前文wear穿戴，推測(cè)詞意“服飾”。

In most parts of the world, the volume of traffic is growing at an alarming rate. Discuss the main traffic problems in your country, their causes and possible solutions.

針對(duì)上題，難詞alarming，可以通過(guò)后文problems問(wèn)題，推測(cè)詞意“令人擔(dān)憂的”。

Nowadays people can use computer to talk, learn and communicate without leaving home. There is a danger that it will cause more isolation and a lack of communication among people. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

針對(duì)上題，難詞isolation，可以通過(guò)后文a lack of communication缺少溝通，推測(cè)詞意“孤立隔離”。

Some people say that the age of books has passed; information can be accessed via videos, computers, television, films and so forth. Other people think books and written words will still be essential for information dissemination and education. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

針對(duì)上題，難詞dissemination，可以通過(guò)后文education教育，推測(cè)詞意“傳播普及”。

Intelligent robots will be more widely used in the future. Is this a blessing or a curse? What is your opinion?

針對(duì)上題，難詞curse，可以通過(guò)前文blessing祝福，推測(cè)詞意“詛咒”。

Is it fair that sports professionals earn much more money than people in other important professions? Give reasons for both sides of the argument and your opinion.

針對(duì)上題，難詞profession，可以通過(guò)前文professionals專業(yè)人員，推測(cè)詞意“職業(yè)”。

Waste disposal presents increasing problems, especially in urban areas. What do you think are the causes? Give some suggestion to the government and individuals on how to reduce the amount of rubbish.

針對(duì)上題，難詞disposal，可以通過(guò)后文reduce the amount of rubbish減少垃圾數(shù)量，推測(cè)詞意“處理”。

There are more and more cars in cities. Hence, pedestrians and cyclists are endangered by heavy traffic Gardens and streets give way to car parks and highways. How can city planners satisfy all people's needs?

針對(duì)上題，難詞pedestrians，可以通過(guò)后文cyclists騎自行車(chē)的人以及give way to car parks and highways讓路給停車(chē)場(chǎng)和高速公路，推測(cè)詞意“行人”。

People are now able to perform everyday tasks such as shopping, banking and business transactions without meeting others face to face. What are the effects on both the individual and the society?

針對(duì)上題，難詞transaction，可以通過(guò)前文perform everyday tasks完成每天任務(wù)，推測(cè)詞意“交易”。

總而言之，雅思寫(xiě)作的審題十分重要，對(duì)于四個(gè)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)都有或多或少的影響，如果審題出現(xiàn)失誤，那么Task Response部分分?jǐn)?shù)就會(huì)非常低。雅思寫(xiě)作的審題常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤有許多，其中三種比較典型，分別是偏題、漏題、蒙題。偏題主要是指考生沒(méi)有扣住題目要求回答問(wèn)題，而是泛泛而談扯出別的話題。漏題是指考生漏掉了題目中的問(wèn)題，通常情況是題目中有兩到三個(gè)小問(wèn)題，而考生作文只回答了其中一到兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。蒙題是指題目中有生詞難詞，考生平時(shí)要對(duì)照機(jī)經(jīng)積累單詞，考場(chǎng)上要學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)上下文來(lái)推測(cè)這些詞的意義。

備注：轉(zhuǎn)載自小站教育