身體(physical development)
智力(intellectual development)
道德及思想(mental development)
社會(huì)性發(fā)展(social development)
而它們主要來自三個(gè)影響源,即家庭、學(xué)校、社會(huì)(媒體)。
四大發(fā)展
身體健康:孩子們戶外活動(dòng)相對較少(insufficient outdoor activities),并且花很多時(shí)間在電腦、電視、游戲等,因此會(huì)傷害視力(impair eyesight),導(dǎo)致身體素質(zhì)下降(lead to poor fitness),甚至引起超重(overweight)。學(xué)習(xí)壓力也會(huì)影響身體健康(often spend much time on study/face fierce competition so that they suffer from great study pressure).
智力發(fā)展:在校學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)術(shù)知識(shí)(academic knowledge),從電視或其他途徑中了解課外知識(shí)(extra-curriculum knowledge that students are interested in),學(xué)生們可以擴(kuò)寬視野(expand vision)和豐富知識(shí)(enrich knowledge)。不同科目會(huì)訓(xùn)練不同技能,例如數(shù)學(xué)-train logic thinking,藝術(shù)-relax from pressure, discover talents and develop potential,體育-build better physical condition, learn team spirit, 語言-learn more cultures, more competitive when looking for a job, easier to adapt to the globalized world.
道德及思想發(fā)展:遵守規(guī)則(obey school rules, learn basic code of conduct),判斷是非(judge right and wrong),尊重并體諒他人(respect others and be considerate). 培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立性和克服困難(develop independence and overcome difficulties on their own). 但學(xué)生易受外界不良影響(be vulnerable to the negative influence in TV or on the Internet),易模仿行為(tend to imitate parents' and teachers'behavior),缺乏自控(lack self-control ability)
社會(huì)性發(fā)展:校園活動(dòng)(campus activities)和社區(qū)服務(wù)(community service)可以幫助積累實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)(accumulate practical experience to better adapt to society), 培養(yǎng)溝通技能(communication skill/interpersonal skills),解決問題的能力(the ability to solve problems),實(shí)習(xí)或兼職工作幫助了解工作環(huán)境(attend internships or take part-time job to better understand real working environment),認(rèn)識(shí)朋友(make more friends, gain more personal resources)
雅思寫作教育話題--三大影響源
家庭方面:父母對孩子的性格養(yǎng)成起關(guān)鍵作用(play a key role in building the character);提供更豐富的經(jīng)歷(博物館或旅游);更注重綜合發(fā)展(overall development)。但很多孩子為獨(dú)生子女(only child),家長忙于工作(be busy with work)并且沒有正確的教育方法(right parenting)可能會(huì)溺愛(spoil)或傷害孩子自尊(damage children's self-esteem)
學(xué)校方面:主要教授知識(shí),教師擁有專業(yè)的背景(professional knowledge)和豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)(rich experience),傳授知識(shí)更有效(more effective in imparting knowledge)。對學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤行為及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理(discover and deal with poor behaviors such as bully immediately)。校園活動(dòng)和體育鍛煉可以培養(yǎng)學(xué)生之間的合作競爭(competition & cooperation),促使增強(qiáng)實(shí)踐能力(improve practical skills),鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新(encourage students to be creative),激發(fā)好奇心和學(xué)習(xí)興趣(inspire curiosity)
社會(huì)方面:以消極方面居多,主要指媒體中出現(xiàn)的問題內(nèi)容(questionable content)如暴力(violence)黃色(pornography),青少年容易模仿(copy, imitate),此外青少年不成熟(immature)未形成完整價(jià)值體系(value system)也容易被他人影響。