大學英語語法：簡單句：陳述句

陳述句：

用來說明一個事實的句子叫陳述句。它有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。

▲陳述句的肯定式： He is a middle school student.(他是個中學生)/ I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把錘子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我們地理)/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.(新的話劇非常好大家都喜歡)

▲陳述句的否定式：

1)謂語動詞如果是 be 、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時,在它們的后面加“not”。如：My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教師)/ He does not have a cousin.(他沒有堂兄弟)/ I will not go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那兒)/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母親現(xiàn)在不在廚房里做飯)/ You must not make such mistakes again.(你不該再犯類似錯誤了) / We haven’t discussed the question yet(我們還沒有討論那個問題呢).

2)謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時,須在它的前面加do not(don’t).如： I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一無所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)豬)/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.(我們沒指望著在這里見到她)/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我們沒有開會)

3)如果“have”作“有”講,也可以在它后面加not構成否定式,其形式與have got的否定式相同。如：I haven’t (got) any brothers or sisters.(我沒有兄弟姐妹)

have 的否定形式：

當表示“有”的意思時，可以采用以下三種形式：have+not;do not+ have; have+ no+ n. 如：I have not enough food to eat.= I do not have enough food to eat. =I have no enough food to eat.

當have為助動詞時，用“have+ not”結構。如：I have not been toShanghai。

當have既不表示“有”，也不作助動詞用時，用“do not+ have”結構。I didn’t have breakfast this morning.

具體到反義疑問句中，則遵循以下原則：

a.當have表示“有”含義時，反意疑部問部分可以用have形式，也可以用do形式。例如：

He has a book in his hand, hasn't he?

He has a book in his hand, doesn't he?

b.當陳述部分的動詞是have“有”的否定形式時，反意疑問部分是用have形式還是用do形式，取決于陳述部分的動詞形式。例如：

You haven't a car, have you?

You don't have any money with you, do you?

c.當have不表示“有”含義而表示其他含義時，反意疑問句則必須用do的形式。例如：

We had a good time in the vacation, didn't we?

He has his breakfast at seven everyday, doesn't he?

You have to get up early tomorrow, don't you?

[注意]

①句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等詞時,用not一般構成部分否定,如果要完全否定,則通常使用none、neither、not…at all等;All of them went there.→None of them went there.(他們?nèi)既チ四抢?rarr;他們?nèi)紱]去那里)

②句子中含有l(wèi)ittle、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等詞時, 則視為否定句。如：Few people live there because life there is very hard.(幾乎沒有人生活在那里因為那里的生活太艱難了)

③陳述句(主語+謂語+其他)在口語中可以直接表示疑問,表示驚訝或明知故問。如：That’s your boss?(那就是你的老板?!)

④陳述句一般情況下應使用正常的語序, 即：主語+謂語+其他。但是有時會倒裝,詳見“倒裝句”。

⑤所有的從句一律使用陳述句語序,即在連接詞后采用“主語+謂語+其他”的順序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years before he returns home. (老人告訴我說他還要在這兒住幾年然后回家)/ Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?(能告訴我在聚會上你都看見了誰嗎?)