牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)之間有沒有什么特殊關(guān)系？是誰發(fā)明了“牛橋”的叫法

今天的這段對話，在討論牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)，
 
牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)之間有沒有什么特殊關(guān)系？是誰發(fā)明了“牛橋”的叫法
 
來聽今天的講解:
 
A: Mark, which university is better, Oxford or Cambridge?
 
馬克，牛津大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)哪個比較好？
 
B: It's hard to say. Both of them rank the top in the world.
 
這不好說。兩所都是世界頂尖的學(xué)校。
 
A: Well, which one is older?
 
那么哪一所的歷史更久遠(yuǎn)呢？
 
B: Both were founded more than 800 years ago, and continued as England's only universities until the 19th century. Let me see...Oxford was first mentioned in 12th century records, while Cambridge was found in 1209.
 
兩所大學(xué)都有超過800年的建校歷史，直至19世紀(jì)仍然是英國僅有的兩所大學(xué)。讓我想想……公元12世紀(jì)的記錄中有了對牛津的最早記錄，而劍橋成立于1209年。
 
A: Is there any relationship between them since they were the only universities that time?
 
旣然他們是那時候僅有的大學(xué)，他們之間有沒有什么特殊關(guān)系呢？
 
B: Yes. It was said that Cambridge grew out of an association of scholars in the city of Cambridge that was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with townsfolk.
 
有啊。據(jù)早期文獻(xiàn)記載，那個時候 一些牛津?qū)W者為了躲避反對他們的市民而來到劍橋，建立了劍橋大學(xué)。
 
A: That’s interesting! No wonder it is said that Oxford is the mother of Cambridge?
 
這太有趣了！難怪人們總是說，牛津是劍橋的母親。
 
B: The two “ancient universities” have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge.
 
這兩所“古老的大學(xué)"有很多的共同點(diǎn)，通常被稱為“牛橋”。
 
A: Oxbridge? Oh, I see. It is a combination of the name of the two universities—the former part of Oxford and the latter part of Cambridge.
 
牛橋？哦，我明白了。這是用他們的名字組含而成的，也就是牛津的前半部分和劍橋的后半部分。
 
B: You are right!
 
你說的對。
 
A: Who invented this name?
 
是誰發(fā)明了這種叫法？
 
B: William Thackeray. In his novel Pendennis, published in 1849，the main character Pendennis wants to attend the fictional College, Oxbridge, but failed. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this is the first recorded instance of the word.
 
英國作家威廉薩克雷。他1849年完成的小說《潘登尼斯》中的主人公想到一所 叫“牛橋”的大學(xué)求學(xué)卻沒有被錄取。根據(jù)牛津英語詞典，這是關(guān)于這個詞的最早記載。
 
A:I never read his works, but I bet he is full of imagination.
 
我從來設(shè)有讀過他的書，不過我想他一定是個充滿想象力的人。
 
B: Yes, he is. Actually, Pendennis also introduced the term Camford as another combination of the university names, but this term has never achieved the same degree of usage as Oxbridge.
 
他的確是。實(shí)際上蓄登尼斯》中還創(chuàng)造了這兩所大學(xué)的另外一個合成詞“劍津"，但這個詞從來就沒有“牛橋”的使用頻率高。
 
A: Since both of them are the top universities in Britain and even in the world, I，m wondering whether they want to slug it out for who is the best.
 
旣然兩所都是英國乃至世界最頂尖的學(xué)府，我在想，他們有沒有想過要決一勝負(fù)，看看誰是最好的呢？
 
B: Many annual competitions are held between Oxford and Cambridge, including the famous annual Boat Race. The first Boat Race was won by Oxford, but Cambridge lead the overall series with 79 wins to Oxford's 75, with one dead heat in 1877.
 
他們會舉行許多各種各樣的年度比賽，其中就有著名的賽艇。第一屆賽艇，牛津獲勝。但是劍橋以獲勝79次的總成績超過了獲勝75次的牛津，除了1877年出現(xiàn)了一次平局。
 
A: I know the boat race, and I heard that the boat race for this year will be held on Saturday, 3 April.
 
我知道那個賽艇，聽說今年的比賽會在4月3日（星期六）舉行。
 
B: Yes. It is a big event in Britain,
 
對。這在英國可不是件小事啊。
 
A: Anything else besides this competition?
 
除了這個，還有別的比賽嗎？
 
B: The other major Oxbridge competitons are the Rugby union and Rugby League Varsity Matches.
 
其他的主要賽事有，英國撒攬球聯(lián)賽和橄欖球聯(lián)盟大學(xué)對抗賽。
 
A: I don't think they are as popular as the Boat Race since I never heard about that.
 
這兩個比賽應(yīng)該不像賽艇那么有名吧，我從來都設(shè)有聽說過。
 
B: The Boat Race and the two Varsity Matches are notable in the UK in that they are the only university sports events that have any public profile outside the universities themselves; all three are screened live on national television and are widely covered in the national media.
 
賽艇和兩個對杭賽在英國都很有名，因?yàn)樗麄儾粌H是大學(xué)內(nèi)部的體育比賽，還受到公眾的廣泛關(guān)注。這三項(xiàng)比賽都會對全國觀眾進(jìn)行直播，也會受到全國媒體的廣泛關(guān)注。
 
A: Despite the impassioned rivalry between the two universities, there is also much cooperation when the need arises.
 
兩所大學(xué)之間除了這些激烈的比賽以外，在需要的時候，還會進(jìn)行含作。
 
B: That's true. Most Oxford colleges have a sister college in Cambridge. Some Oxford and Cambridge colleges with the same name are “sisters”，for example, Jesus College, Cambridge and Jesus College, Oxford. Trinity College, Oxford is the sister college of Churchill College, Cambridge, while Trinity College, Cambridge is the sister college of Christ Church, Oxford.
 
這倒是真的。牛津大學(xué)的大多數(shù)學(xué)院都在劍橋大學(xué)有兄弟學(xué)院。有一些學(xué)院的名字都一樣，例如劍橋大學(xué)耶穌學(xué)院和牛津大學(xué)耶穌學(xué)院。而劍橋大學(xué)三一學(xué)院和牛津大學(xué)基督學(xué)院就是兄弟學(xué)院。