權(quán)威答案:2016年6月英語四級真題及答案解析(卷一)

　　Part Ⅰ Writing

　　Directions:

　　【題干】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

　　【參考范文】

　　Dear parents,

　　This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.

　　In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you’ve conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.

　　I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.

　　Yours beloved

　　Son

　　PartⅢ Reading Comprehension

　　Section A

　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

　　Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, __tend___(27)to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a _attendance___(28)of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic _performance____(29), investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, ___particularly__(30)in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.

　　The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to __survive___(31)on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. __consequently__(32)in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be _mutually____(33)exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood __flow___(34)to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are ___essential__(35)to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve ___mood__(36)and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.attendance 出席;到場

　　B.consequently 因此;結(jié)果

　　C.current 現(xiàn)在的;最近的

　　D.depressing 壓抑的

　　E.dropping 掉落

　　F.essential 基本的;必要的

　　G.feasible 可行的

　　H.flow 流動，流通

　　I.mood 情緒

　　J.mutually 互相地

　　K.particularly 特別地

　　L.performance 表演;執(zhí)行

　　M.review 回顧

　　N.survive 幸存

　　O.tend 趨勢

　　【答案】

　　27-30：OALK 31-35.NBJHF 36.I

　　Section B

　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

　　Finding the Right Home — and Contentment, Too

　　[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility——a moment few parents or children approach without fear——what you would like is to have everything made clear.

　　[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype(固定看法)? Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.

　　[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.

　　[D] The most recent of these studies, published in The Journal of Applied Gerontology, surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life, emotional well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of the facilities.

　　[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable as- sumption——don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?

　　[F]In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.

　　[G]But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. "It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status." Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.

　　[H]An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it)than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. "You can't just say, 'Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,'" Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, "is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there"

　　[I]Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.

　　[J]As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)

　　[K]Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr. Philip Sloane, a geriatrician(老年病學(xué)專家)at the University of North Carolina: "In a way, that could be liberating for families."

　　[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. "Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy," Dr.Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.

　　[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town. I have seen this place-it is elegant, inside and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived, though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a table.

　　[N]The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.

　　37.【題干】Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents.

　　【答案】E

　　38.【題干】Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important.

　　【答案】G

　　39.【題干】It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home.

　　【答案】B

　　40.【題干】How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in.

　　【答案】I

　　41.【題干】The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home.

　　【答案】N

　　42.【題干】The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.

　　【答案】J

　　43.【題干】At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction.

　　【答案】F

　　44.【題干】What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think.

　　【答案】C

　　45.【題干】The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living.

　　【答案】D

　　46.【題干】A resident's satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there.

　　【答案】H

　　Section C

　　Passage one

　　Questions 47 to 51 are based on following passage.

　　As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a theat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.

　　Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it's necessary to translate our morals into AI language.

　　For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values," said Russell.

　　Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.

　　It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.

　　Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.

　　The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).

　　One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.

　　If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportune to stop,

　　send out beeps(嘟嘟聲), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.

　　The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe a moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules .But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.

　　47.【題干】What does the author say about the threat of robots?(　)

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.

　　B.It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.

　　C.It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

　　D.It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.

　　【答案】C

　　48.【題干】What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.They are aggressive.

　　B.They are outgoing.

　　C.They are ignorant.

　　D.They are ill-bred.

　　【答案】D

　　49.【題干】How do robots learn human values?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.By interacting with human in everyday life situations.

　　B.By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.

　　C.By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

　　D.By imitating the behavior of properly brought –up human beings.

　　【答案】C

　　50.【題干】what will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.Keep a distance from possible dangers.

　　B.Stop to seek advice from a human being.

　　C.Trigger its built-in alarm system at once.

　　D.Do sufficient testing before taking action.

　　【答案】B

　　51.【題干】What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.Determine what is moral and ethical.

　　B.Design some large-scale experiments.

　　C.Set rules for man-machine interaction.

　　D.Develop a more sophisticated program.

　　【答案】A

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality on your longevity(長壽)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.

　　The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic(神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.

　　Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.

　　Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.

　　Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets.

　　Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.

　　Personality isn't destiny(命運(yùn)), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.

　　52.【題干】The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is _____.

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.to see whether people’s personality affects their Ute span

　　B.to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health

　　C.to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life

　　D.to examine all the factors contributing to longevity

　　【答案】A

　　53【題干】What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.They have a good understanding of evolution.

　　B.They are better at negotiating an agreement.

　　C.They generally appear more resourceful.

　　D.They are more likely to get over hardship.

　　【答案】D

　　54. 【題干】What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life.

　　B.Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.

　　C.Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.

　　D.Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.

　　【答案】C

　　55.【題干】What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.Children's personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.

　　B.People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sonner.

　　C.Mothers' influence on children may last longer than fathers'.

　　D.Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life span.

　　【答案】D

　　56.【題干】What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?

　　【選項(xiàng)】

　　A.Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one's life span.

　　B.Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.

　　C.Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.

　　D.Health is in large part related to one's lifestyle.

　　【答案】B

　　Part Ⅳ

　　Translation

　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　57.【題干】功夫(Kung Fu)是中國武術(shù)(martial arts)的俗稱.中國武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要、狩獵活動以及古代中國的軍事訓(xùn)練.它是中國傳統(tǒng)體育運(yùn)動的一種,年輕人和老年人都練.它已逐漸演變成了中國文化的獨(dú)特元素.它作為中國的國寶,功夫有上百種不同的風(fēng)格,是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式.有些風(fēng)格模仿了動物的動作,還有一些則受到了中國哲學(xué)思想、神話和傳說的啟發(fā).

　　【參考譯文】

　　Kung Fu is commonly known as the Chinese martial arts, the origin of which can be traced back to the need of self-defense, hunting activities and military training in ancient China. It is one kind of Chinese traditional sports. The young and the old often practice it. It has gradually evolved into the unique elements of Chinese culture. As a national treasure of China, there are hundreds of different styles for Kung Fu, which is most common forms of martial arts. Some of styles imitate the movement of the animals, and some are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myths and legends.