2020年12月大學英語六級考試聽力真題及答案（二）
- 聽力真題
- 聽力原文
- 參考答案
英語六級真題的聽力部分，作為衡量學生英語實際應用能力的重要標尺，涵蓋了短對話、長對話及短文理解三大板塊，這些題型著重考察考生捕捉關鍵信息并深入理解語境的能力。因此，深入掌握并熟練運用真題聽力材料，對于提升六級考試成績具有舉足輕重的意義。此次，我們精心整理了2020年12月大學英語六級真題聽力部分（卷二）的詳細內容及答案解析，旨在為廣大考生提供寶貴的備考資源與參考！
Section A
Directions:In this section,you will hear too long conversations.At the end of each contersation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spohen only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D)Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1.A)A driving test.
B)A video game.
C)Traffic routes.
D)Cargo logistics.
2.A)He found it instructive and realistic.
B)He bought it when touring Europe.
C)He was really drawn to its other versions.
D)He introduced it to his brother last year
3.A)Traveling all over the country.
B)Driving from one city to another.
C)The details in the driving simulator.
D)The key role of the logistics industry.
4.A)Clearc road signs
B)More people driving safely
C)Stricter traffic rules.
D)More self-driving trucks on the road.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5.A)It isn't so enjoyable as he expected.
B)It isn't so motivating as he believed.
C)It doesn't enable him to eam as much money as he used to.
D)It doesn't seem to offer as much fieedom as he anticipated.
6.A)Not all of them care about their employees'behaviors.
B)Few of them are aware of their employees'feelings.
C)Few of them offer praise and reward to their employees.
D)Not all of them know how to motivate their employees.
7.A)Job satisfaction.
B)Self-awareness.
C)Autonomy
D)Money.
8.A)The importance of cultivating close relationships with clients.
B)The need for gettingrecommendations from their managers.
C)Theadvantages of permanent full-time employment.
D)The way to explore employees'interests and talents.
Section B
Directions: Inthis section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you toill hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 woith a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage youhave just heard.
9.A)Consumers visualize their activities in different weather.
B)Good weather triggers consumers'desireto go shopping.
C)Weather conditions influence consumers'buying behavior.
D)Consumers'mental states change with the prices of goods.
10.A)Active consumption.
B)Direct correlation.
C)Individual association.
D)Mental visualization.
11.A)Enabling them to simplify their mathematical formulas.
B)Helping themdetermine whatto sell and at what price.
C)Enabling them to sell their products at a higher price.
D)Helping them advertise a greater variety of products.
Questions 12 to 15 arebased on the passage you have just heard.
12.A)A naturally ventilated office is morecomfortable.
B)A cool office will boost employees'productivity.
C)Office air-conditioning should follow guidebooks.
D)Air-conditioning improves ventilation in the office.
13.A)People in their comfort zone of temperatureare more satisfied with their productivity.
B)People in different countries vary in their tolerance to uncomfortabletemperatures.
C)Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office workers.
D)There is a range of temperatures for people tofeel comfortable.
14.A)It will have no negative impact on work.
B)It will be immediately noticeable.
C)It will sharply decrease work efficiency.
D)It will cause a lot ofdiscomfort.
15.A)They tend to favor lower temperatures.
B)They suffer from rapid temperature changes.
C)They are not bothered by temperature extremes.
D)They become less sensitive to high temperatures.
Section C
Directions;In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings woill be played only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answoer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding leter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 arebased on the recording you have just heard.
16.A)It overlooked thepossibility that emotions may be controlled.
B)It ignored the fact that emotions are personal and subjective.
C)It classified emotions simply as either positive or negative.
D)It measured positive and negative emotions independently.
17.A)Sitting alone without doing anything seemed really distressing.
B)Solitude adversely affectedtheparticipants'mental well-being.
C)Sitingalone for 15 minutes made the participants restless.
D)Solitude had a reductive effect on high-arousal emotions
18.A)It proved hard to depict objectively.
B)It went hand in hand with sadness.
C)It helped increase low-arousal emotions.
D)It tended to intensify negative emotions.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you havejust heard.
19.A)Ituses up much less energy than it does in deep thinking.
B)It remains inactive without burning calories noticeably.
C)It continues to burm up calories to help usstay in shape.
D)It consumes almost a quarter of the body's total energy.
20.A)Much of the consumption has nothing to do with conscious activities.
B)It has something to do with the difficulty of the activities in question.
C)Energy usage devoted to active learning accounts for a big part of it.
D)A significant amount of it is for performing difficult cognitive tasks.
21.A)It is believed to remain basically constant.
B)It is a prerequisite for any mental activity.
C)It is conducive to relieving mentalexhaustion.
D)It is thought to be related to food consumption.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22.A)Job candidates rarely take it seriously.
B)Job seekers tend to have a ready answer.
C)Job seekers often feel at a loss where to start in answering it
D)Job candidates canrespond freely due to its open-ended nature.
23.A)Follow their career coaches'guidelines
B)Strive to take control of their narrative.
C)Do their best to impress the interviewer.
D)Repeat the information on their résume.
24.A)To reflect on their past achievements as well as failures.
B)Toproduce examples for different interview questions.
C)To discuss important details they are going to present.
D)Toidentify a broad general strength to elaborate on.
25.A)Getting acquainted with the human resources personnel.
B)Finding out why the company provides the job opening.
C)Figuring out what benefits the company is able to offer them.
D)Tailoring their expectations to the company's long-term goal.
Section A
Conversation One
1-W:This is unbelievable.Unlike any video game I've ever played before,i's so boring,yet so relaxing at the same time.How did you hear about this driving simulator?
2-M:My brother introduced it to me last year.I was surprisedto find how educational and realistic it was. It's called Euro Truck Simulator,but they have other versions as well for America and so on.I was really drawn to the scenery.The routes go through parts of the country you don't normally see as a tourist.
3-W:Yeah,Ican see that.It seems so simple,just transporting cargo from point A to point B,driving from one city to another.But I really appreciate all the details that go into the game.It's even given me a new appreciation for the logistics industry and traffic on the road.
4-M:I completely agree.My brother also introduced me to somevideos of someone that streams their game online.It was fascinating to watch,really.This guy drove very carefully,obeyedall the road signs and traffic rules—such a contrast to most violent games.
5-W:Honestly,playing has inspired me to look into the industry more.I've read articles about how self-driving trucks may soon be available and could greatly impact cargo logistics.Considering all that goes into driving these larger vehicles,it's amazing that we could soon have that kind of technology.
6-M:Ha.I've got one step further.I registered to take a safe driving course to improve my real-life driving skills.In a way,I feel like I have a head start compared to other students in the class. Playingthis video game has given me some maneuvering practices already.
7-W:I'm not surehow accurate the video game is compared to real-life situations.But if it results in more drivers looking both ways before entering an intersection,I'd say that's a positive outcome.
1.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
2.What does the man say about the driving simulator?
3.What does the woman say she really appreciates?
4.What outcome does the woman expect from the driving simulator?
Conversation Two
1-W:How do you like being self-employed?
2-M:There are obvious benefits,though I don't seem to have the freedom I anticipated as I just don' seem able to decline work offers.And working alone,there have been times when I've found that money alone provides insufficient motivation.Have you experienced the same since you began working for yourself?
3-W:Sometimes,yes.Unlike the rest of the workforce who have managers to prompt motivation whenever they're feeling lazy or bored,we self-employed workers perform our jobs without a manager to lift our spirits,There's no one around to offer praise or initiate collaboration,no one to makegreater useof our interests and talents.
4-M:That's a fact,Not every manager behaves with such awareness and care,of course.And certainly not all managers have a clue how to motivate people.Still,having a manager nearby at east indicates there's an opportunity they'll be decent enough to look out for you whenyour energy and focus begin to deplete.
5-W:The motivator I value most is autonomy.I've learned not to sacrifice my prized autonomy by working all hours of the day and by saying yes to every client request,
6-M:Yes.I need to remind myself that I selected this lifestyle for the independence.I don't miss aspects of permanent full-time employment I disliked,such as the office politics,job insecurity,inflexible hours and so on.I wouldn't mind a bit more in the form of praise though,praise which is on the record.
7-W:That'll come with time.Relatedness is inevitably cultivated via human interaction.Engnging with clients,getting written testimony and recommendations,staying in contact with clients afterwards,these are things you'll find will come in due course and provide you with motivation.
8-M:You're right.That's an area I do need to put some more effort into—building closer relationships with those who engage my services and skills.
5.What does the man say about his life of being self-employed?
6.What does the man say about managers?
7.What do both speakers value most about self-employment?
8.On what point does the man agree with the woman?
Section B
Passage One
I Weather is a constant force in our lives,but there is little marketing research on how it affects businesses.Now,a new study reveals how sunny and snowy conditions influence consumer behavior.
Ⅱ Those weather conditions trigger consumers to mentally visualize using products associated with the respective weather.This leads to consumers placing a higher value on those products.That is, they're willing to pay more money for them.But the correlation is only found with products related to being outside.
Ⅲ How does this work?Researchers give the example of a beach towel.On a sunny day,consumers who see that product are not just looking at the towel itself,they are likely imagining themselves lying on the towel in the sun.This mental picture of using the towel increases the value of the product in the consumers' mind.
IV Researchers put forward the following hypothesis to explain their findings.They think the mental picture works in sunshine and snow because these weather conditions have a positive association wth outside activities.The effect is not seen with rainy weather.Researchers assert this is because there aren't many activities that are enabled by rain.Most products associated with rain,like umbrellas,are only used for protection from the weather,and notfor any activitics.
V Researchers believe that companies that sell a wide array of products online can benefit most from the insights this study provides.Online sellers often use complex mathematical formulas to determine what products to feature and how to price these products.Incorporating more data about weather would allow them to make beter decisions.This could bolster sales.
9.What do we learn about the findings of the new study?
10.What does the passage say may incrense the value of products for consumers?
11.How can thefindings of the new study benefit online sellers according to the researchers?
Passage Two
I Setting the office air-conditioning at about 22℃ has become standard practice across the world. Numerous guidebooks across the world on heating,ventilation and air-conditioning claim office performance peaks at 22 degrees,Many people indeed find relief from soaring summer temperatures in air-conditioned offices.But recent studies have challengecd the acepted wisdom that a col office is more productive.
Ⅱ The reality is more complex.Researchers conducted a review of all studies relating to air- conditioning and productivity.They found that 22 degrees was probably a littlechilly,even at the height of summer,For a person dresscd in typical summer clothing,an optimal range would be between 23 and 26 degrees,And people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this comfort zone as long as they can adjust their clothing and expectations.In fact,even on very hot days,it makes sense to turn the air-conditioning up. People often chase just one optimum temperature,and this is understandable when people feel hot.But there s a range of at least three to four degrees which does not have any adverse impact.
Ⅲ Another issue related to this is that people can become psychologically dependent on air conditioning.If they're used to the environment which is air-conditioned,they tend to prefer lower temperatures.But the studies found that almost all humans became accustomed to the new temperature. It was only at the extreme ends of the temperature range where people's productivity suffered.This range was above 26 degrees and below 19 degrees.
12.What is the accepted wisdom concerning the office environment?
13.What did researchers find from their revicw of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity?
14.What do we learnabout using a little less air-conditioning during hot weather?
15.What happens when people are used to an air-conditioned environment?
Section C
Recording One
I Psychology research has tended to portray solitude as a negative experience.Studies conducted in he 1970s and 1990s suggested that pcople felt less happy when alone as compared to being with others. However,a new paper shows an alternative view of solitude,one in which solitude can be positive.
Ⅱ Let's start by looking at the earlier research,It had a couple of shortcomings.First,it measured emotion on a scale from positive to negative,overlooking the possibility that our positive and negative emotions can fluctuate independently.Also,it categorized emotions as simply positive or negative.It didn't consider that emotions arouse us todifferent degrees,and that both positive andnegative emotions can arouse us a lot or a little,That is,whether positive or negative,emotions can be either high-arousal or low-arousal,High-arousal emotions include excitement on the positive side or anger on the negative side,while low-arousal ones include feeling calm on the positive side or lonely on the negative.
Ⅲ This new research attempted to overcome these shortcomings.Researchers began with a simple study.They asked participants to spend 15 minutes sitting alone without engaging in any activity,and measured how this solitude influences their emotional state.This experiment specifically aimed to determine the effect of solitude on high-arousal emotions,It looked at positive emotions such as being excited or interested,and negative emotions including being scared or distressed.The results were clear, After 15 minutes of solitude,the participants showed reductions in both types of emotion.
IV A sccond study mcasured the cffcts of solitude on low-arousal cmotions.These included both positive and negative emotions,such as feling calm,relaxed,sad or lonely.That experinent found that all of these emotions were increased by time alone.Thus it seems past depictions of solitude were wrong.It doesn't have a simple emotional effect that can be characterizcd as good or bkid.Rather。it changes the intensity of our inner cxpcricncc.It amplifics quicter cmotions,but it diminishes the intensity of strongcr feelings.
V It's worth clarifying that these findings relate to relatively brief periods of solitude.This is distinct from prolonged loneliness.Research has demonstrated that the latter is correlated with an assortment of negative physical and psychological effectsHow can people benefit from being alone?The findings here suggest that people can use solitude to regulate their emotions.Solitude can help us become quict after excitement,calm after an angry episode,or simply fecl at peace.
16.What is one of the criticisms directed at the early research on solitude?
17.What do we learn about the results of the new research?
18.What did the second experiment in the new research find about solitude?
Recording Two
I In 1984,the World Chess Championship was called off abruptly,due to the withered frame of a player who was competing for the title.He wasn't alone in experiencing the extreme physical effects of the game.Elite players can reportedly burn up to an absurd 6.000 calories in one day.Does that mean that thinking harder is a simple routeto losingweight?
Ⅱ Well,when the body is at rest,we know that the brain uses up a startling 20%to 25%of the body's overall energy.This level of utilization actually makes the brain the most energyexpensive organ in the body,and yet it makes up only 2% of the body's weight overall.
Ⅲ So the more we put this organ to work,the more calories we'll burn?Technically,the answer is yes,for cognitively difficult tasks.What counts as a“difficult”mental task varies between individuals. But generally,it could be described as something that the brain cannot solve easily using previously earned routines,or tasks that change the conditions continuously.
IV However,deep thinking will not burn off the calories gained from eating a sugary snack.Because in relation to the brain's huge overall energy usage,which is devoted to a multitude of tasks,the energy required just to think harder is actually comparatively tiny.We're unconscious of most of what uses up the brain's energyA lot of that activity is unrelated to conscious activities like learning how to sing or play the guitar.
V The brain is able to allocate blood(and thus energy)to particular regions that are being active at that point.But the overall energy availability in the brain is thought to be constant.So,while there might be significant increases in energy use at localized regionsof the brain when we perform difficult cognitive tasks,when it comes to the whole brain's energy budget overall,these activities don't significantly alter it.
VI So,why did the chess champion grow too skinny to compete in his chess competition?The general consensus is that it mostly comes down to stress and reduced food consumption,not mental exhaustion.Keeping your body pumped up for action for long periods of time is very energy demanding. If you can't eat as often or as much as youcan or wouldnormally—then youmight lose weight.
19.What do we learn about the brain when the body is at rest?
20.What does the speaker say about the consumption of the brain's energy?
21.What do we learn about the overall energy availability in the brain?
Recording Three
I “Tell me about yourself”may seem like an easy job interview question,but the open-ended nature of this question often leaves job seekers at a loss where to start.This commonquestion is actually a critical test of a job candidate's communication skills,so it's important not to give an unprepared response or mess itup.“Tell me about yourself”is often the first qucstion professional carcer coaches prepare people for when they give interview guidance.It's the opportunity for the candidate to take control of the narrative and tell their story in a way that really matters to their audience.It takes hard work and extensive preparation to answer this question well.
Ⅱ When a person goes to a job interview,their interviewer has presumably read their rěsumé,so they don't need to repeat the information.But that's what most pcople will do,as it's their instinct to recite things that are already on their resumé.It's important for job seekers to do their homework on two crucial aspects.
Ⅲ First,they are not just telling someone a fact about themselves.They're telling a story,and stories take work to create.Coming up with a good story means getting reflective about what made their career accomplishments something they're proud of and what strengths those accomplishments highlight. Candidates shouldn't pick a broad general strength to claborate on,such as“I'm smart,I work hard and I get things done.”To come up with multiple career accomplishments or examples for different interview questions,job seekers should talk with others,especially people who know them,partners. friends or co-workers who will bring up different stories than the ones they remember.
IV Secondly,candidates should know what's at stake for the company with this job opening.What they really are asking you is“Tell me why you are going to help me.”If the person is a prepared candidate, they should have already figured out those things.They've readthe job description and researched the company on the Internet.What job applicants ought to be looking for s what the company is up to,what they are trying to accomplish and what is preventing them from acomplishing those things.
V How long should it take to answer?Around a minute.That's about right for most people's attention spans.Under a minute could seem rushed,while over two minutes will start to feel more like a speech.But the length of the answer is not an exact science,and candidates need to keep their career story focused and tailored to their audience.
22.What does the speaker say about the job interview question "tell me about yourself"?
23.What will most people do when they come to a job interview?
24.Why should job seekers talk with partners,friends andco-workers?
25.What other important preparations should job seekers make before an interview?
1.[答案精析]B。1段②句女士以“它和我以前玩過的任何一款電子游戲都不同”引出談論對象，可知說話人談論的是一款與眾不同的電子游戲，B是對此的合理推斷。A由6段②句信息“參與安全駕駛課程”捏造而來，但對話中并未提及“駕駛考試”。C、D均利用對話中多次出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)信息干擾，但“交通路線”和“貨運物流”實為游戲相關的設置內容，并不能概括對話的主題。
2.[答案精析]A。A復現(xiàn)2段②句“我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)它(指代the driving simulator)效果非常逼真，很有教育意義”。B由2段③句游戲名稱“Euro Truck Simulator(歐洲卡車模擬)”捏造而來，但對話并未提及“歐洲旅行”。C利用2段③④句other versions、was really drawn雜糅干擾，但吸引男士的實為“游戲中的風景”而非“其他版本”。D與2段①句“我兄弟去年把這款游戲推薦給我”相悖。
3.[答案精析]C。C+題干復現(xiàn)3段③句“但我著實欣賞游戲當中的所有細節(jié)”。A利用2段末句干擾，但這是男士的觀點，與題干所問不符。B源于3段②句，但該句意在以“游戲設置(搬運貨物、駕車穿過一個又一個城市)看似簡單”反襯③句“游戲細節(jié)精致逼真”,女士尤其欣賞的是后者而非前者。D利用3段末句a new appreciation for the logistics industry干擾，但此處appreciation表達“了解，認識”的含義，與題干中appreciates 的含義“欣賞”有所區(qū)別，選項整體將“該游戲帶給女士的啟發(fā)：對物流行業(yè)形成新的認識”曲解為“女士真正欣賞的對象：物流行業(yè)的關鍵作用”。
4.[答案精析]B。B+題干準確概括末段末句“如果它(即the driving simulator)讓更多司機在駛進十字路口前看一看道路兩側的情況，那么我得說這是一個積極的結果”。A、C均利用4段④句obeyed all the road signs and traffic rules干擾，但這實為“男士所描述的游戲玩家的行為”,而非“女士所期待的結果”。D利用5段②句 how self-driving trucks may soon beavailable干擾，但這實為“女士所讀文章中的觀點”,而非“女士本人的觀點”。
5.[答案精析]D。第2段首句男士指出“自雇的好處顯而易見，盡管似乎沒有我預計的那么自由”,D與此直接時應，故正確。A根據(jù)男士自雇生活不如預期臆測而來，但文中男士并未直接給出“愉快與否”的評價。B、C斷章取義，將第2段②句“單靠錢無法提供足夠的動力”分別竄改為“激勵性不如預期”“掙得比以前少”。
6.[答案精析]D。第4段③句中，男士表示“肯定也不是所有的經理都知道怎么激勵員工”,D是對該評價的同義改寫。本題A、B兩項干擾性較強，均借第4段②句設置障礙，但該句實指“并非每個經理都會關照員工的心理需求(behaves with such awareness and care回指上文女士所說‘經理適時給予雇員激勵、鼓勵和夸獎)”,A項將“心理需求”竄改為“行為”,B項將“并非每個”竄改為“很少”。C項根據(jù)第3段中的no one around to offer praise捏造而來，但此處意為“自雇者不會有經理來夸贊”,而非“經理很少會夸費和獎勵雇員”。
7.[答案精析]C。第5段中女士指出，“我最看重的激勵因素就是自主權”,第6段中男士表示贊同，并補充說“自己選擇這種生活方式就是為了獨立”,C是對兩句關鍵信息的概括。A根據(jù)常識“員工多看重工作滿意度”設置障礙，但文中并未提及相關信息；B改編自第4段中的awareness一詞，但文中并未提及“自我意識”; D根據(jù)另一常識“員工多看重薪資”以及第1段男士發(fā)言“錢的激勵性不夠”進行干擾，但仍然缺乏原文支撐。
8.[答案精析]A。第8段男士表示?！霸谶@方面我需要更加努力”,隨后點出這方面指的是“跟雇用我的服務和技能的人建立起更密切的關系”,即與客戶建立起更密切的關系。這也與第7段中女士的建議“與客戶互動，和他們保持聯(lián)系”相符，因此A正確。B根據(jù)第7段女士所說“拿到書面的推薦”進行干擾，但原文并未提及是由經理來進行推薦。C來自第6段男士對長期全職工作和自雇工作的對比，不涉及女士的觀點；D源自第3段末make greater use of our interests and talents,但此處僅以“無法更好地利用自雇者的興趣和天賦”說明自雇相較于他雇的一個缺點，并未提及“探索雇員興趣和天賦的途徑”。
9.[答案精析]C。題干+C契合I段②句“一項新研究揭示了睛天和雪天是如何影響消費者行為的”, Weather conditions準確概括sunny and snowy conditions,consumers'buying behavior同義替換consumer bchavior。A將Ⅱ段①句“設想在某種天氣(晴天或雪天)下使用與該天氣相關的產品”竄改為“設想在不同天氣下進行各種活動”。B將Ⅱ段前三句大意“晴天和雪天會促使消費者花更多錢購買某商品”竄政為“好天氣會促使消費者更想購物”。D利用Ⅱ段碎片信息mentally、higher value、pay more money干擾，錄音并未提及。
10. [答案精析]D。Ⅲ段以沙灘巾為例說明了睛天如何影響消費者的行為，末句總結“在腦海/內心里構想使用沙灘巾的畫面會提升這一產品在消費者心目中的價值”,故D正確。其余三項利用consumer,correlation、 positive association等碎片信息干擾，與題干詢問內容無關。
11.[答案精析]B。題干+B契合V段②①句大意“線上商家通常利用復雜的數(shù)學公式來決定要主推何種產品及如何定價，納入更多與天氣相關的數(shù)據(jù)(即結合新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn))能使他們作出更好的決策”,Helping them determine同義替換allowthem to make better decisions。A由V段②句“線上商家利用復雜的數(shù)學公式”臆斷而來。C將研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的內容“晴天和雪天會促使消費者花更多錢購買某商品”曲解為“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)本身能直接使商家以更高價格出售產品”,實際起作用的是“天氣因素”而非“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)”。D利用V段碎片信息a wide array of products干擾，錄音并未提及。
12.[答案精析]B。I段末句指出，新近研究對“涼快的辦公室使人工作效率更高”這一公認的看法提出了質疑，B是對該公認看法的同義表述，故正確。A、D均由I段②句的ventilation捏造而來，原文未提及相關信息；C利用I段②句Numerous guidebooks...claim...設置干擾，但原文僅指出指南手冊聲稱“辦公室溫度為22度時，(員工的)工作表現(xiàn)最佳”,并未強制要求或建議辦公室空調的設定要遵循指導手冊。
13.[答案精析]D。Ⅱ段④句指出，對夏裝打扮的人來說，最佳的溫度區(qū)間是23度～26度，即存在一個舒適溫度區(qū)間，D正確。A來源于Ⅱ段②句...relating to air-conditioning and productivity,但原文探討的是“空調溫度是否影響工作效率”,并未提及人們的工作滿意度情況；B由I段②句across the world和Ⅱ段⑤句tolerate,adjust雜糅編造而來，原文并未提及選項信息；C與Ⅱ段③句研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“即使是在盛夏，22度很可能還是有點冷”相悖。
14.[答案精析]A。Ⅱ段⑥句指出，即使是在炎熱的夏天，調高空調溫度也合乎情理；末句指出，(在22度的基礎上)三到四度的上下波動不會產生負面影響。結合兩句大意可知，在炎熱的天氣里稍稍調高一點空調的溫度不會產生負面影響，A正確，同時排除與兩句大意正相反的C、D兩項。B將Ⅱ段⑦句的chase過度解讀為“人們時刻關注濕度變化，因此一旦溫度發(fā)生變化就能立刻感知”,原文并未提及相關信息。
15.[答案精析]A。Ⅲ段②句指出，如果習慣了待在有空調的環(huán)境，人們就會傾向于喜歡較低的溫度。A是對此句的同義改寫，故正確。B由Ⅲ段psychologically dependent、used to、accustomed to等過度推導而來，但原文未提及“快速的溫度變化”,更未提及其“令人不適”;C與Ⅲ段④句大意“只有在超出舒適溫度區(qū)間的極高或極低溫度下，人們的工作效率才會受到影響”相悖；D指向“高溫”與“敏感度”之間的關系，原文并未提及。
16.[答案精析]C。Ⅱ段②句首先指出早期關于獨處的研究有幾個缺陷，隨后④句指出其中的一個缺陷是它們將情緒簡單地分為積極和消極兩種。C項是對it categorized emotions as simply positive or ncgative的同義轉述，故正確。A利用Ⅱ段③句overlooking the possibilitythat...設置干擾，但該句意在指出“早期研究忽視積極和消極情緒各自都有起伏變化的可能性”,而非“早期研究忽視了情緒能被控制的可能性”。B為主觀臆造的批評，原文并無信息支撐。D由Ⅱ段③句measured,positive and negative emotions和independently雜糅捏造而來。
17.[答案精析]D。Ⅲ段④句介紹這項新研究的目的“明確獨處對高激發(fā)情緒的影響”,隨后末句介紹研究的結果“在15分鐘的獨處后，參與者的積極和消極兩種類型的(高激發(fā))情緒都有所減弱”。D項是對該研究結果的準確概括，故正確。A利用Ⅲ段⑤句scared or distressed設置干擾，但其指向的是研究對象之一“高激發(fā)的消極情緒”,而非研究結論“獨自坐著什么都不做很痛苦”。B源自首段②句“相較于與他人為伴，人們在獨處時感到不那么快樂”,但該句指向的是早期研究得出的結論，從后文可以看出，新研究恰恰推翻了早期研究的結論。C與Ⅲ段末句所揭示的研究結果相矛盾，故錯誤。
18.[答案精析]C。IV段首句指出第二個實驗的研究對象是低激發(fā)情緒，隨后③句介紹實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)“(低激發(fā))情緒因獨處而增強”。C項是對all of these emotions(low-arousalemotions)wereincreased by time alone的同義轉述，故正確。A由IV段④句“過去對獨處的描述是錯誤的”主觀臆斷出“事實證明，獨處很難被客觀地描述”。B利用IV段②句sad設置干擾，但該句指向的是實驗對象之一“低激發(fā)的消極情緒”,而非實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)“獨處與悲傷密不可分”。D與IV段⑤句“獨處對情緒的影響并不能被簡單地界定為好(積極)或壞(消極)”相矛盾，故鋯誤。
19.[答案精析]D。Ⅱ段指出，當身體處于休息狀態(tài)時，大腦消耗的能量驚人，為身體總能量的20%到25%, 即占比接近四分之一，故D正確，同時可排除B。A由直覺性的認識推出“大腦在身體處于休息狀態(tài)時能耗小，深度思考時能耗大”,而原文并無相關信息。C源自首段losing weight,但該句提出疑問“冥思苦想能否減肥”且下文給出了否定答案，文中并未說明身體處于休息狀態(tài)時的大腦活動能否幫助我們保持體型。
20.[答案精析]A。IV段指出，我們無法察覺消耗掉大腦能量的大多數(shù)活動，這些活動很大一部分都與有意識的活動無關，即大部分大腦能量的消耗與有意識的活動無關，故A正確，同時排除C(主動學習是一種有意識的活動)。Ⅲ段前兩句以問答的形式指出，對于難度高的認知活動來說，大腦工作得越多，我們消耗的能量就越多，B將“能量消耗與活動難度關系”的適用對象“難度高的認知活動”擴大為“大腦所有的活動”。IV段指出，冥思苦想(即進行難度高的認知活動)所需能量在大腦總能耗中的占比極少，D與此相悖。
21.[答案精析]A。V段指出，大腦中可利用的總能量被認為是恒定的。故A正確。B由V段首句所述大腦的功能“為不同身體部位的活動分配能量”臆斷而來，原文并未提及相關信息。C、D中food consumption與 mental exhaustion均在V段復現(xiàn)，但原文此處意在說明棋手在比賽中迅速消瘦的原因，與題干所問不符。
22.[答案精析]C。C復現(xiàn)I段①句leaves jobscekers at a loss where to start(讓求職者不知從何談起)。A 由①句an casy job interviewquestion捏造出“求職者很少認真對待它”。B由②句“不給出未經準備的回答便極為重要”、③句“職業(yè)生涯教練輔導的第一個問題”臆測出“求職者通常準備了現(xiàn)成答案”。D將①句“開放式的本質”的結果“讓求職者不知從何談起”竄改為“求職者能夠自由回答”。
23.[答案精析]D?！邦}干+D”復現(xiàn)Ⅱ段①②句“不必再重復簡歷上的信息，但大多數(shù)人都會這么做”。A源自I段③句professional carer coaches(職業(yè)教練)、give interview guidance(提供面試指導),B源自I段④句It's the opportunity for the candidate to take control ofthe narrative(借此機會，面試者得以掌控講述方式),C 利用常識干擾，但三項均非錄音中提到的“大多數(shù)人參加面試時會做的事”。
24.[答案精析]B。Ⅲ段⑤句指出“為了想出多項職業(yè)成就或例子以應對不同的面試問題，求職者應當與他人交談，尤其是了解他們的人”,隨后列舉“了解他們的人”具體所指——伴侶、朋友或同事，即求職者應當與伴侶、朋友、同事交流，以便舉出多項例子應對不同的面試問題，B正確。A源自Ⅲ段③句“思考是什么讓他們的職業(yè)成就成為了他們引以為傲的東西”,但這是求職者在“構想好故事”時應當做的事情，不符合題干“與…… 交談的原因”。C利用Ⅲ段④句elaborate on(詳細說明)干擾，但原文是建議求職者在面試時選擇一個具體的優(yōu)點進行詳細說明。并非“討論相關細節(jié)”。D與④句大意“不應選取一個寬泛的優(yōu)點來詳細說明”相悖。
25.[答案精析]B。IV段①句指出求職者應當透過職位空缺來了解公司的真實需求，B是對此的同義概括，正確。A利用常識干擾，錄音中并未提及。C將IV段②句“公司詢問求職者如何幫助公司/求職者能給公司提供什么”偷換為“公司能給求職者提供什么”,D由IV段末句what they are trying to accomplish及V段末句tailored to their audience雜糅捏造而來，但文中tailored是指職業(yè)故事要針對不同的面試精心打造、有所側重、適當調整，而非建議求職者調整預期。
