英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題的聽(tīng)力部分，作為衡量學(xué)生英語(yǔ)實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力的重要標(biāo)尺，涵蓋了短對(duì)話(huà)、長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)及短文理解三大板塊，這些題型著重考察考生捕捉關(guān)鍵信息并深入理解語(yǔ)境的能力。因此，深入掌握并熟練運(yùn)用真題聽(tīng)力材料，對(duì)于提升六級(jí)考試成績(jī)具有舉足輕重的意義。此次，我們精心整理了2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題聽(tīng)力部分（卷二）的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容及答案解析，旨在為廣大考生提供寶貴的備考資源與參考！
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. A) Renting a car instead of driving their own.
B) Surfing online to check out the best deals.
C) Exploring more summer holiday resorts.
D) Spending their holidays in a novel way.
2. A) He once owned a van.
B) He was well travelled.
C) He did not find holiday homes appealing.
D) He did not like to be locked into one place.
3. A) Ensure the safety of passengers.
B) Drive under any weather condition.
C) Receive instructions via computers.
D) Generate their own electricity.
4. A) Having one's basic needs covered while away from home.
B) Enjoying the freedom to choose where to go and work.
C) Slowing down in one's increasingly hectic life.
D) Riding one's mountain bike on vacation.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. A) She has missed several important appointments lately.
B) Her job performance has worsened over the past month.
C) She has lagged behind most of her co-workers in output.
D) Her physical health has deteriorated these past few weeks.
6. A) Serious health issues.
B) Disturbance of her mind.
C) Some problems at home.
D) Penalty for curtailed output.
7. A) The woman's work proficiency.
B) The woman's whole-hearted support.
C) His engaging personality.
D) His management capability.
8. A) The woman will resume her work in two weeks.
B) The man will be back at his 100% in a couple of weeks.
C) The woman will be off work on the next two Mondays.
D) The man will help the woman get back to her usual self.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. A) It can have an impact on our moods and emotions.
B) It can enable us to live a healthier and longer life.
C) It can improve our financial status significantly.
D) It can help us achieve better work performance.
10. A) One's health tends to differ before and after marriage.
B) One's health status is related to one's social background.
C) The wealthier one's spouse is, the healthier one becomes.
D) The spouse's level of education can impact one's health.
11. A) They benefited a lot from their career achievements.
B) They showed interest in their spouse's occupations.
C) They had much in common with their spouses.
D) They had more education than their spouses.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. A) Eliminating their root cause.
B) Forecasting flood risks accurately.
C) Identifying the cities' geological features.
D) Finding out the changing climate patterns.
13. A) To validate his hypothesis about the gravity of floods.
B) To determine the frequency of high tides causing floods.
C) To improve his mathematical flooding model.
D) To see the feasibility of his project on flooding.
14. A) To study the consequences of high tides on flooded areas.
B) To teach local citizens how to collect data of incoming floods.
C) To forecast rapid floods in real time.
D) To classify the flooding data processed.
15. A) They set up Internet-connected water-level sensors.
B) They tracked the rising tides with video-cameras.
C) They used newly-developed supercomputing facilities.
D) They observed the direction of water flow on the spot.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. A) To argue about the value of a college degree.
B) To debate the validity of current survey data.
C) To account for the drastic decline in employment among men.
D) To compare men without college degrees with those who have.
17. A) The increase in women taking up jobs.
B) The issue of changing job requirements.
C) The factor of wages.
D) The impact of inflation.
18. A) Men's unwillingness to accept low wages in times of growing inflation.
B) The wage gap between those with college degrees and those without.
C) More jobs requiring their holders to have a college degree nowadays.
D) The sharp decline in marriage among men with no college degrees.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.
19. A) More and more people attach importance to protecting endangered animals.
B) More and more people prioritize animal welfare when buying things to wear.
C) An increasing number of people demand to free animals being kept in cages.
D) An increasing number of people follow the latest trend of becoming vegetarians.
20. A) Avoided the use of leather and fur.
B) Labelled all their products as vegan.
C) Refrained from using chemicals in their products.
D) Utilized a silk substitute made from mushrooms.
21. A) Whether they actually signify a substantial change.
B) Whether they effectively protect animals at large.
C) Whether they can be considered sustainable.
D) Whether they can be regarded as ethical.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.
22. A) The era we live in is the most peaceful in history.
B) The world has seen more violence in recent years.
C) The environmental welfare has worsened in the world.
D) The belief is less prevalent that the world is going to hell.
23. A) They were actually not in their right mind.
B) They believed the world was deteriorating.
C) They did not wish to live in the previous century.
D) They were convinced by the statistics presented to them.
24. A) The subjectivity of mass media.
B) The current state of affairs.
C) Our psychological biases.
D) Our ancestors' influence.
25. A) Spreading exciting news around us far and wide.
B) Vacuuming up depressing or enraging stories.
C) Calculating dangerous risks to our survival.
D) Paying attention to negative information.
Section A
Conversation One
W: So,[1]I've been thinking, this summer, instead of our usual holiday rental, I'd like to try renting a camp er van and exploring a bit more.
M: A camper van? You mean to spend the summer living out of a car?
W: Yes,a camper van. And no, it's nothing like living out of a car. These are proper vans with full-size beds to sleep in.Some even have kitchens. This way, we wouldn't have to be locked into one place during our holiday. We'd be able to visit so many more places and travel at our own pace. The rates of most hotels and holiday homes really soar in the summer anyway. We'd probably save a lot of money as well.
M: [2] I think my grandfather had a van like that. It doesn't sound that appealing to me.
W: Today's camper vans are completely different. These days, they' re equipped with all the modern comforts.[3]I've seen quite a few with solar panels that provide electricity for when you' re stopped. This way, you can still use your computer or charge your phone. And most even have Wi-Fi, so if the weather's not great, you could stream videos.
M: I'm warming up to the idea. Keep talking.
W: Loads of people are committing to this trend full time. Check it out online. Lots of people stream videos of their alternative lifestyles and actually earn a salary.[4] Imagine having that kind of freedom to go anywhere you want and work from anywhere in the world.
M: Okay, we can consider it. As long as the basic needs like toilet and showers are covered, I'm definitely in. Do you think there will be enough room for my mountain bike? What about food delivery? Will we be able to order to the van? Will there be enough space for the dog? We wouldn't want to leave him behind.
W: Slow down. Glad you' re excited about it. Let's start by looking at what's available first.
1. What has the woman been thinking of doing for this summer?
2. What do we learn about the man's grandfather from the conversation?
3. What can many camper vans do nowadays according to the woman?
4. What idea does the woman find attractive?
Conversation Two
W: You wanted to see me?
M: Yes,I'll get straight to the point.[5] Over the past month or so, it has become apparent that your performance has dipped. You' ve been late to work several times these past few weeks, which is very uncharacteristic of you. But what really concerns me is your curtailed output. Lately, you seem to be constantly one step behind. What's going on?
W: I'm sorry.[6] I'm going through some unfortunate family issues at the moment. It's a personal matter, so if you don't mind, I much prefer we don't get into it. Nevertheless, I expect it to have all blown over in another month or so.
M: Do you need some time off?
W: Actually, yes. Would it be possible to take the next two Mondays off? I was deliberating whether I should ask for this, but now that we' re here...
M: Sure thing. But if you needed some leave, why didn't you ask for it earlier?
W: I'm not sure why. I guess I kind of felt bad asking for it.
M: You shouldn't feel bad asking for leave, especially if you need it.
W: I know. You' re right. I'm sorry.
M: Look, you' ve been with us almost five years [7] and I personally really value your proficiency at your job. It makes my job far easier. In addition,I can assure you that management as a whole also holds you in high regard.
W: Thank you.
M: [8] What I need is for you to be back at your 100%. Are you sure taking two Mondays off will suffice?
W: [8] It'll be enough. I'm sure of it.
M: [8] Okay, good. So this is what we' re going to do. You will take those days off, and I expect that you will gradually come back to your usual self. Then in two months' time, we will catch up again to see how you are faring.
W: Sounds good. Thank you for your understanding.
5. What do we learn about the woman from the man's description?
6. What does the woman say she's experiencing at the moment?
7. What does the man say makes his job far easier?
8. What agreement have the speakers reached by the end of the conversation?
Section B
Passage One
There are many factors that impact our health. These include our finances, our emotions and the way we work. Education is one such factor. [9] Research suggests that higher levels of education can lead to better health and even greater longevity. But what about the education of your partner? New research seeks to answer this question. Researchers use data from a longitudinal study. The data came from surveys first administered to high school seniors in 1957. The surveys ended in 2011.[10] The team found that a person whose spouse had a higher level of education tended to report better health. This remained the case when adjusting for other factors, such as participants’ own education, social background and health status before and after marriage. The authors suggest that high levels of education provide shared social, intellectual, emotional and financial resources. These include things like higher levels of emotional intelligence, particular skills or knowledge, or more money. The researchers concede that an individual's own level of education is clearly important for their health, but they assert that individuals also can reap the benefits of their partner's education. It is noteworthy that the effects vary by gender. For women, health was more closely correlated to their spouse's education than for men. The team suggests this may be related to the time period of the study. [11] Women in this sample had lower levels of education and lower occupational achievements than the men. The researchers' hypothesis is that this made the husband's resources more likely to have a shared impact.
9. What does research suggest about a higher level of education?
10. What do we learn from the finding of the new research?
11. What does the passage say about the men in the sample of the new research?
Passage Two
Climate scientists predict that many parts of the world will be increasingly prone to floods. This is a serious risk to human lives and property.[12] So understanding and accurately forecasting flood risks is a key challenge for vulnerable cities around the globe. In 2017, Derek Loftis of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science started a project called Catch the King. It uses a smartphone app to collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides.[13] He' ll use those data to validate and improve his mathematical flooding model, called TideWatch.[14] Loftis's mission is to know where the water goes before it goes there. But collecting necessary data and then processing that information quickly enough to make usable forecasts is anything but easy. Accurate flood forecasts require an understanding of the situation on the ground. By the early 2000s, supercomputing had advanced enough that scientists could integrate weather forecasting models with such measurements. But they still didn't have the critically important ability to forecast fast-moving floods in real time.[15] So, in 2017, Loftis and colleagues set up a group of 28 Internet-connected water-level sensors throughout the flood risk community of Norfolk, Virginia. The new sensors relayed rough measurements about water height and movement to a computer at the Virginia Institute. Along with those sensors, hundreds of local citizens take photos of rising tides and transmit them in real time to the institute. Scientists hope that the data collected by these citizens can help sharpen the ability to forecast exactly when and where damaging floods will occur.
12. What is said to be a key challenge for cities prone to floods?
13. For what purpose does Derek Loftis collect the data of ordinary citizens during high tides?
14. What does the passage say is Derek Loftis's mission?
15. What did Loftis and his colleagues do to obtain data about water height and movement?
Section C
Recording One
[16] Now, it's become something of a ritual to debate the value of a college degree, but as Current Population Survey data show, there has been a sharp decline in employment among men without college degrees compared with those who have them. This decline began in the 1960s and has become more serious over time.
What has actually caused this decline? Well, economists have been working to ascertain the roots of the decline for decades and have come up with several theories. One popular theory is that it's a case of too low wages for jobs that don't require a degree. An alternate theory is that there were more jobs not requiring a college degree in the past than now.
A recent working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research reviewed those theories and put forward additional hypotheses about the causes of the problem. Let's look at that paper now.[17] First, the researchers considered the issue of wages. As the wage gap has grown between those with college degrees and those without, economists have suggested that men aren't as interested in taking some of the less lucrative jobs. While the authors of the paper found truth in this explanation, they assert that low wages can't be the only factor, as wages for men without college degrees, adjusting for inflation, haven't changed much since the 1960s, making it hard to see why fewer men seem willing to accept those wages.
This leads to the second theory, that more jobs require a college degree today than in the past. Indeed, that theory seems valid, because in America today,2/3 of jobs are filled by workers with at least some college education. However, the authors of the paper argue that there are other factors amplifying the problem.
[18] They identified two new potential explanations: the first being the tremendous decline in marriage among men without college degrees since the 1960s; and the second, being the increase in women participating in the workforce that was concurrent with the decline in marriage. These two changes mean that men might not have families to support, or if they do, their wives might be doing more of the providing, both of which might remove the financial incentive to work. The authors of the paper concede that research on the subject isn't complete, but they argue that their work supports the value of a college education.
16. What does the speaker say has become something of a ritual?
17. What did the researchers of a recent working paper consider first?
18. What did the recent paper identify as a new potential explanation of the problem concerning men's employment?
Recording Two
While an increasing number of people are trying to eat less meat, a market research team has found in its latest fashion and sustainability report that the trend is now spreading from kitchen to closet. [19] It found animal welfare came top of a list of issues that people considered before buying clothes, with 42% saying it was important to them. The researchers of the team predicted that the next year would see a boom in animal-free shoe collections, since they heard shoppers of all ages say they would buy footwear designated as“vegan”, meaning the goods were produced without using any animal or animal part.
As well as being on trend, and with a much better r ing to it than synthetic leather, the vegan label does convey an important extra distinction. If you label something as vegan, then the whole product needs to be animal free. That means checking things like the glue that holds the shoe together, for example, and the chemicals used for finishing them.[20] At the top end, some of the world-renowned fashion designers have avoided leather and fur for some time. In fact, some of the companies are now exploring a leather substitute and a silk replacement made from mushrooms.
The Animal Free Product Society says they' ve seen a boom in products registered with the vegan trademark. In2018, there were 119. So far this year, it says an unprecedented 1,956 have been registered. New products are being added daily. There are fur coats that are vegan, plastic vegan belts and shoes made from tree bark or natural rubber labelled vegan. These new products aren't coming at an extra cost to consumers though. Vegan boots cost the same as the leather originals. New Look, one of the first reputable store chains to use the vegan trademark, prices ballet shoes at￡7.99 and a vegan laptop handbag at￡29.99, comparable with its other products.
This signifies a change. In the past, ethical products, whether they were fair trade or organic, came at a premium.[21] However, it is unclear whether these new products can be considered ethical. The debate over durability, crop- growing impacts, pollution and recyclability is a complicated one, not to mention the ethics around the working conditions for people making the products, whatever the component materials. Environmental campaigners advise that the best approach is to buy less, never mind what the item is made of.
19. What has a market research team found in its latest fashion and sustainability report?
20. What have some world-renowned fashion designers done for some time?
21. What does the speaker say is unclear concerning vegan products?
Recording Three
By the end of 2016, anyone who had been paying even passing attention to the news headlines was highly likely to conclude that everything was terrible, and that the world was going to hell. It was easy to feel depressed by the wars in different parts of the world, the spread of deadly viruses or terror attacks.
Yet, 2016 was the best year in the history of humanity. Child mortality was roughly half what it was as recently as 1990. And 300,000 more people gained access to electricity each day. Every single measure of material and environmental welfare in America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the world as a whole has improved rather than deteriorated.[22] We are living in history's most peaceful era, with violence of all kinds in steep decline. Those are the facts. So why aren't we all optimists?
[23] In a 2015 survey for YouGov,65% of British people and 81% of the French said they thought the world was getting worse. However, according to numerous sensible statistics, these people are simply wrong. Nobody in their right mind should wish to have lived in a previous century. Yet people do. Why?
[24] Our prevailing mood of despair is irrational. It says more about us than it does about how things really are. It is best explained as the result of various psychological biases that served a purpose for our evolutionary ancestors— but now, in a media-saturated era, constantly mislead us. Once upon a time, it was of great survival value to be worried about everything that could go wrong. This is what makes bad news especially compelling.
[25] In our evolutionary past, it was a very good thing that our attention could be easily seized by negative information, since it might well indicate a dangerous risk to our own survival. The caveman who always assumed there was a lion behind the next rock would usually be wrong, but he'd be much more likely to survive and reproduce than one who always assumed the opposite. But that was all before newspapers, television and the internet. In today's hyper connected times, our addiction to bad news just leads us to vacuum up depressing or enraging stories from across the globe. Whether these news stories threaten us or not, we conclude that things are much worse than they actually are. Really good news, on the other hand, can be a lot harder to spot in a newspaper because predictable daily events by definition aren't news.
22. What is one of the facts stated by the speaker?
23. What do we learn about most British and French people in a 2015 survey for YouGov?
24. What does our prevailing mood of despair indicate?
25. What was a very good thing in our evolutionary past?
1.D)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)開(kāi)頭女士說(shuō)：“我一直在想，今年夏天，我們不像往常一樣租房度假了，我想試試租一輛露營(yíng)車(chē)，多探索一些地方?！庇纱丝芍衲晗奶炫肯胪ㄟ^(guò)租露營(yíng)車(chē)這種新方式來(lái)度過(guò)，D項(xiàng)與對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。
2.A)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)中男士提到：“我記得我爺爺也有過(guò)一輛那樣的面包車(chē)，聽(tīng)起來(lái)不怎么吸引我?！庇纱丝芍?，男士的爺爺曾經(jīng)有一輛面包車(chē)，因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案，選項(xiàng)中的once owned是對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中had的同義替換。
3.D)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)中女士表示，現(xiàn)在的露營(yíng)車(chē)已經(jīng)完全不同了，配備了所有現(xiàn)代化的舒適設(shè)施，接著說(shuō)道：“我見(jiàn)過(guò)不少露營(yíng)車(chē)裝了太陽(yáng)能電池板，可以在停車(chē)時(shí)提供電力。”由此可知，如今許多露營(yíng)車(chē)都配備了太陽(yáng)能電池板這類(lèi)自動(dòng)發(fā)電的裝置，可以自己發(fā)電，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。
4.A)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)中女士提到：“想象一下，你可以自由地去任何你想去的地方，在世界上任何地方工作?！庇纱丝芍珺項(xiàng)與對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。對(duì)話(huà)中男士提到，只要能滿(mǎn)足如廁和淋浴等基本需求，他絕對(duì)加入，并非女士，故排除A項(xiàng)。其他兩項(xiàng)在對(duì)話(huà)中均未提及，故均排除。
5.B)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)開(kāi)頭，男士就開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地指出女士的問(wèn)題：“在過(guò)去的一個(gè)月左右，你的工作業(yè)績(jī)明顯下滑了?！庇纱丝芍?，B項(xiàng)與對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案，選項(xiàng)中的worsened是對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中dipped的同義替換。
6.C)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)中男士詢(xún)問(wèn)女士最近怎么了，女士回答說(shuō)：“抱歉，我目前正在經(jīng)歷一些不幸的家庭問(wèn)題?！庇纱丝芍? C項(xiàng)與對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容相符, 故為正確答案, 選項(xiàng)是對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中some unfortunate family issues的同義改寫(xiě)。
7.A)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)中男士對(duì)女士說(shuō)：“我個(gè)人非?？粗啬愕墓ぷ髂芰?。這讓我的工作輕松多了?！庇纱丝芍?，A項(xiàng)與對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容相符, 故為正確答案, 選項(xiàng)中的work proficiency是對(duì)對(duì)話(huà)中proficiency at your job的同義替換。
8.C)【解析】對(duì)話(huà)末尾，男士對(duì)女士說(shuō)：“我需要你恢復(fù)到100%的狀態(tài)。你確定請(qǐng)兩個(gè)周一的假就夠了嗎? ”隨后女士給予了肯定回答，然后男士說(shuō)：“嗯，很好。那我們就這么辦?！庇纱丝芍?，女士接下來(lái)兩個(gè)周一會(huì)請(qǐng)假，并獲得了男士的許可，C項(xiàng)與對(duì)話(huà)內(nèi)容相符，故為正確答案。對(duì)話(huà)中女士請(qǐng)的是兩個(gè)周一的假，并非兩周，A項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤。恢復(fù)到100%的狀態(tài)是男士對(duì)女士的期望，并非男士自身，故B項(xiàng)也排除。D項(xiàng)對(duì)話(huà)中未提及。
9.B)【解析】文章開(kāi)頭即指出，研究表明，受教育程度越高，健康狀況就越好，甚至更長(zhǎng)壽，故選項(xiàng)B正確，選項(xiàng)中的live a healthier and longer life是對(duì)原文中l(wèi)ead to better health and even greater longevity的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。文中并未提及受教育程度對(duì)情緒、情感、財(cái)務(wù)狀況和工作業(yè)績(jī)的影響，因此，其他三項(xiàng)均排除。
10.D)【解析】文章在提到這項(xiàng)新研究的結(jié)果時(shí)指出，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，配偶受教育程度較高的人往往報(bào)告健康狀況較好，這與選項(xiàng)D的說(shuō)法相符，故D項(xiàng)正確。社會(huì)背景、婚前婚后的健康狀況都是新研究參考的因素，不是該研究的結(jié)果，故排除選項(xiàng)A和B；選項(xiàng)C在文中未提及，故排除。
11.D)【解析】文章結(jié)尾處提到，這個(gè)樣本中的女性受教育程度和職業(yè)成就都低于男性，選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)這句話(huà)的反向推理，故選項(xiàng)D正確。選項(xiàng)A是根據(jù)文中詞匯 reap the benefits設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中指出研究人員認(rèn)為個(gè)人可以從伴侶的受教育程度中獲益，而不是男性從自己的事業(yè)成就中獲益，故排除；選項(xiàng)B是根據(jù)文中詞匯occupational achievements設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，文中指出樣本中的女性職業(yè)成就低于男性，并沒(méi)有提到男性對(duì)自己配偶的職業(yè)感興趣，故排除；選項(xiàng)C在文中并未提及，故排除。
12.B)【解析】文章開(kāi)頭即指出，氣候科學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，世界許多地區(qū)將越來(lái)越容易發(fā)生洪災(zāi)，而了解并準(zhǔn)確預(yù)報(bào)洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是全球易受洪水侵襲的城市所面臨的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)，故選項(xiàng)B正確。其他三項(xiàng)文中并未提及，均排除。
13.C)【解析】文章提到，2017年，德里克·洛夫蒂斯啟動(dòng)了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，該項(xiàng)目利用一款智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序在漲潮時(shí)收集普通市民的數(shù)據(jù)。而他這樣做的目的是利用這些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)驗(yàn)證和改進(jìn)他的洪水?dāng)?shù)學(xué)模型。選項(xiàng)C為文中原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故為正確選項(xiàng)。其他三項(xiàng)文章中未提及，故均排除。
14.C)【解析】文章中間部分明確提到Loftis's mission，說(shuō)洛夫蒂斯的任務(wù)是在洪水到達(dá)某地之前就知道它要流向那里。know where the water goes before it goes there即選項(xiàng)C總結(jié)的forecast rapid floods in real time, 因此, 選項(xiàng)C正確。關(guān)于漲潮對(duì)洪澇地區(qū)的影響、教當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袷占瘮?shù)據(jù)、對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類(lèi)的信息文中并未提及，故均排除。
15.A)【解析】文章指出，在2017年，洛夫蒂斯及其同事在弗吉尼亞州諾?？说暮樗唢L(fēng)險(xiǎn)社區(qū)安裝了一組共28個(gè)聯(lián)網(wǎng)的水位傳感器。這些新傳感器將水位和流動(dòng)情況的粗略測(cè)量結(jié)果傳送到弗吉尼亞研究所的一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)上。由此可知，洛夫蒂斯及其同事是通過(guò)聯(lián)網(wǎng)的水位傳感器獲取水位和流動(dòng)情況的數(shù)據(jù)的，選項(xiàng)A正確。漲潮情況是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衽臄z照片傳送給研究所的，故選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤；文中雖然提到了超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)，但只是提供背景信息，與洛夫蒂斯獲取數(shù)據(jù)的方式無(wú)關(guān)，故C項(xiàng)排除；選項(xiàng)D文中未提及，故排除。
16.A)【解析】在講話(huà)開(kāi)頭，講話(huà)者便提到，現(xiàn)在討論大學(xué)學(xué)位的價(jià)值已經(jīng)成為一種慣例，由此很容易得出正確答案為A。講話(huà)中雖然提到了選項(xiàng)C所述的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們一直致力于弄清男性就業(yè)率下降的根源，但這并不是講話(huà)者所說(shuō)的慣例，故排除。選項(xiàng)B、D都和本題所問(wèn)問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)，故排除。
17.C)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)中間提到，美國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局最近發(fā)表的一份研究報(bào)告對(duì)解釋男性就業(yè)率下降的一些理論進(jìn)行了回顧，研究人員首先考慮了工資問(wèn)題。由此可知，正確答案選C。
18.D)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)最后提到，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)新的可能的解釋?zhuān)菏紫仁亲?0世紀(jì)60年代以來(lái)，沒(méi)有大學(xué)文憑的男性結(jié)婚率大幅下降。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
19.B)【解析】講話(huà)者在一開(kāi)頭就提到，一個(gè)市場(chǎng)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在其最新的時(shí)尚和可持續(xù)發(fā)展報(bào)告中發(fā)現(xiàn)，少吃肉的趨勢(shì)正在從廚房蔓延到衣櫥，人們?cè)谫?gòu)買(mǎi)衣服前考慮的一系列問(wèn)題中，動(dòng)物福祉排在首位。由此很容易得出， 選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
20.A)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)中間提到，在高端時(shí)裝領(lǐng)域，一些世界知名時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間不使用皮革和毛皮了。由此可知, 選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。選項(xiàng)B中的label和vegan, 選項(xiàng)C中的chemicals以及選項(xiàng)D中的silk substitute和mushrooms講話(huà)中雖有提及，但都不符合題干針對(duì)世界知名時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師的行為進(jìn)行的提問(wèn)，故均可排除。
21.D)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)最后明確提到，目前尚不清楚這些新產(chǎn)品，即前面提到的被注冊(cè)了純素商標(biāo)的產(chǎn)品，是否可以被認(rèn)為是道德產(chǎn)品，故選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
22.A)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)中提到，2016年是人類(lèi)歷史上最好的一年，我們生活在歷史上最和平的時(shí)代，各種暴力事件都急劇減少。故選項(xiàng)A為正確答案，同時(shí)排除選項(xiàng)B。講話(huà)者還提到，在美洲、歐洲、亞洲、非洲乃至整個(gè)世界，物質(zhì)福利和環(huán)境福利的每一項(xiàng)指標(biāo)都得到了改善，而不是惡化，故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。講話(huà)者提到任何稍微關(guān)注新聞?lì)^條的人都極有可能得出結(jié)論：一切都糟透了，世界正在走向地獄，選項(xiàng)D與此相反，可排除。
23.B)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)中提到，在2015年輿觀調(diào)查網(wǎng)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中，65%的英國(guó)人和81%的法國(guó)人表示，他們認(rèn)為世界正在變得更糟，故選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。
24.C)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)中提到，我們普遍的絕望情緒是不理性的。這種情緒更多地反映了我們自身，而不是真正的現(xiàn)實(shí)。最好的解釋是，這是各種心理偏差造成的結(jié)果。由此可知，我們?nèi)缃衿毡榈慕^望情緒其實(shí)來(lái)源于心理偏差，故選項(xiàng)C為正確答案，同時(shí)排除選項(xiàng)B。講話(huà)中提到當(dāng)今社會(huì)媒體飽和，但并未提到大眾媒體的主觀性，故排除選項(xiàng)A。講話(huà)中提到各種心理偏差對(duì)我們逐步進(jìn)化的祖先產(chǎn)生了一定的影響，而非我們的祖先對(duì)普遍的絕望情緒產(chǎn)生了影響，故排除選項(xiàng)D。
25.D)【解析】講話(huà)者在講話(huà)后半部分提到，在我們進(jìn)化的歷史上，負(fù)面信息很容易吸引我們的注意力，這是一件好事。因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A講話(huà)中未提及，故排除。選項(xiàng)C是“關(guān)注負(fù)面消息”有一定好處的原因，選項(xiàng)B是它的一個(gè)后果，故排除這兩項(xiàng)。
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