這應該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當?shù)剡\用定語從句可以給你的文章增色不少。
例如,下面的這兩個句子用上定語從句馬上就變成了一個漂亮的復雜句。
Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
第二, 狀語從句。
在寫作當中運用的最多的是以下五種狀語從句,即原因狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,條件狀語從句,時間狀語從句和目的狀語從句。
1. 原因狀語從句:常由because, as, since和for引導
Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
盡管如此,我還是贊成太空探險,因為它的好處遠遠大于壞處。
2. 讓步狀語從句:常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導
Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
盡管這一觀點被廣泛接受,很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。
3. 條件狀語從句:常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導
Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要實現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志,你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準備好條件。
4. 時間狀語從句:常由when和while引導
Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
說到教育,大部分人認為其是一個終生的學習。
5. 目的狀語從句: 常由so that和in order that引導
Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上萬的人們不得不花費的精力和時間學習新的技術和知識,使得他們在就業(yè)市場能保持優(yōu)勢。
第三, 賓語從句。
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人認為政府應對環(huán)境污染負主要責任。
Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展必然的結果,無法避免。
第四, 同位語從句。
Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
環(huán)境污染變得越來越嚴重是不可否認的事實。
Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
沒有人能否認這一基本事實:對于一般工人來講,輕松掌握這些技術是不可能的。
第五,主語從句。
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是農(nóng)村和城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境都在不斷惡化。
Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
眾所周知,環(huán)境污染問題是中國乃至世界面臨的最為嚴重的問題之一。
第六,強調句: It is + 被強調的內(nèi)容 + that
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣,使得環(huán)境被污染。
第七,倒裝句。
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.
只有政府采取適當?shù)拇胧?,這個棘手的問題才能被解決。
第八,被動語態(tài)。
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人們應竭盡全力來保護我們賴以生存的環(huán)境。
第九, 分詞結構:包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。
Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游業(yè)是一個新興的行業(yè),它成為經(jīng)濟的主要, 在很多東南亞國家起著尤為重要的作用。
Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
具體來說,政府應該出臺相關法律法規(guī)對制造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進行嚴懲。
第十,插入語。
一種獨立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語法上的關系,大都是對一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構成,位置較為靈活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。
Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
電腦,我們生活中必不可少的一部分,給我們帶來了極大的方便。
Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大學生,沒有社會經(jīng)驗,容易上當受騙。