新東方名師指導(dǎo)：5句話hold住托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作“開(kāi)頭段”

“開(kāi)頭段”、“論證段”和“結(jié)尾段”是托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的“三部曲”，彼此各司其職，進(jìn)而構(gòu)成一個(gè)Unity(整體)。其中，“開(kāi)頭段”最主要的功能有兩個(gè)：一是引出話題;二是表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。然而，在表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，大家傾向于有以下兩種選擇：一是開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山(在“開(kāi)頭段”直接給出個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)：要么agree或者disagree;要么prefer A或者prefer B);二是娓娓道來(lái)(即在“論證段”或“結(jié)尾段”進(jìn)行觀點(diǎn)的闡述或總結(jié))。本文將從這2種方式出發(fā)，教你如何用5句話hold住托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作“開(kāi)頭段”。

第一種：開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山式 【概括背景 + 引出話題 + 一類人觀點(diǎn) + 另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比 + 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)】

1、概括背景：以概括題目的方式給出文章的寫(xiě)作背景

2、引出話題：以承上啟下的方式引出題目關(guān)鍵詞

3、一類人觀點(diǎn)：針對(duì)題目的兩個(gè)面(比如說(shuō)：立場(chǎng)A和立場(chǎng)B)，先給出一類人的觀點(diǎn)(比如說(shuō)：立場(chǎng)A)

4、另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比：站在一類人的對(duì)立面給出相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)(立場(chǎng)B)

5、個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)：在相對(duì)立的兩個(gè)立場(chǎng)中選擇一個(gè)作為自己的觀點(diǎn)(立場(chǎng)A / 立場(chǎng)B)

以下是從獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作真題出發(fā)，向大家展示如打造開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山式“開(kāi)頭段”:

① (A/D) The main role of the university professor is to educate students rather than to do research.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they believe that higher education plays a crucial role in a country’s development. (引出話題)One indisputable fact is that university education is closely associated with professors. (一類人觀點(diǎn))Some people, especially parents, believe that professors should focus on educating students. (另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)However, others, professors themselves in particular, argue that they ought to pay more attention to their researches. (個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))From my perspective, the major obligation of university professors is to teach.

② (A/D) The advice from grandparents has no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to refer to others’ advice and fit in. (引出話題)One indisputable fact is that valuable advice is closely associated with experienced people like parents and grandparents. (一類人觀點(diǎn))Some people, especially the old, believe that it’s beneficial to turn to grandparents.(另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)However, others, the young in particular, argue that due to the great development of the world, their grandparents’ suggestions are not useful any more. (個(gè)人觀點(diǎn))From my perspective, asking for help from one’s grandparents can be a really wise choice.

此處總結(jié)為開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山式“開(kāi)頭段”模板：

A defining character of people is the degree to which + 概括題目. One indisputable fact is that + 題目概括詞 + is closely associated with 題目關(guān)鍵詞. Some people, especially 具體的人, believe that + 一類人觀點(diǎn). However, others, 具體的人 in particular, argue that + 另一方觀點(diǎn). From my perspective, + 個(gè)人觀點(diǎn).

(NOTE：“the degree to which”在此處的功能相當(dāng)于“that”，且其后所接句子的主語(yǔ)必須和前面的“people”一致)

第二種：娓娓道來(lái)式 【概括背景 + 引出話題 + 一類人觀點(diǎn) + 另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比 + 爭(zhēng)議句】

1、概括背景：以概括題目的方式提出文章的寫(xiě)作背景

2、引出話題：以承上啟下的方式引出題目關(guān)鍵詞

3、一類人觀點(diǎn)：針對(duì)題目的兩個(gè)面(比如說(shuō)：立場(chǎng)A和立場(chǎng)B)，先給出一類人的觀點(diǎn)(比如說(shuō)：立場(chǎng)A)

4、另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比：站在一類人的對(duì)立面給出相對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)(立場(chǎng)B)

5、爭(zhēng)議句：給出一個(gè)爭(zhēng)議的句子，不直接表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，將之留在“論證段”或“結(jié)尾段”進(jìn)行闡述或總結(jié)

以下同樣從獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作真題出發(fā)，打造娓娓道來(lái)式“開(kāi)頭段”:

① (A/D) Movies and televisions have more negative effects than positive effects on young people’s behaviors.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to pursue happiness. (引出話題)One indisputable fact is that one’s happiness is closely associated with daily entertainment, which can be easily offered by some technological products like movies and televisions.(一類人觀點(diǎn))Some people, especially the young, believe that movies and TV play a crucial role in helping them release stress.(另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)However, others, the parents in particular, argue that some films and TV programs have caused great negative effects on their children. (爭(zhēng)議句)Therefore, when it comes to whether movies and televisions bring more positive or negative effects, people’s notions vary from one to another.

② (A/D) The main purpose for people who have jobs is for money rather than social status.

(概括背景)A defining character of people is the degree to which they are always willing to pursue a better life.(引出話題)One indisputable fact is that a quality live is closely associated with having a job.(一類人觀點(diǎn))Some people, especially the young, believe that their intention of working is to make enough money.(另一類人觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比)However, others, old people in particular, argue that they work mainly for a high social position.(爭(zhēng)議句)Therefore, when it comes to whether the major aim of working is for money or social position, people’s notions vary from one to another.

此處總結(jié)為娓娓道來(lái)式“開(kāi)頭段”模板：

A defining character of people is the degree to which + 概括題目. One indisputable fact is that + 題目概括詞 + is closely associated with 題目關(guān)鍵詞. Some people, especially 具體的人, believe that + 一類人觀點(diǎn). However, others, 具體的人 in particular, argue that + 另一方觀點(diǎn). Therefore, when it comes to whether 轉(zhuǎn)述題目, people’s notions vary from one to another.

(NOTE：“the degree to which”在此處的功能相當(dāng)于“that”，且其后所接句子的主語(yǔ)必須和前面的“people”一致)