1. [舉一反三]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
expel驅逐→① expeller n.
→② exopellee n.
→③ expellable a.
2. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① pulse n.脈搏；脈動；脈沖
pulsar n.脈沖星
pulser n.脈沖發(fā)生器
② pulsate v.搏動
pulsative a.脈動的
pulsator n.搏動的東西；搏動式人工呼吸器；脈動器
pulsatory a.能脈動的
③ pulsimeter/palsometer n.脈搏計
④ pulsion n.推進
pulsive a.推進的
3. [節(jié)外生枝] pel有個來自法語的異體peal，請注意下列單詞。
① peal n.響亮持久的聲音
② appeal v.呼吁；懇求
appealing a.有感染力的；動人的
③ repeal v.撤消（決議等）；廢止（法令等）
repealer n.撤消者；廢止者
68. pend, pens [L]=to hang, to weigh, to pay懸掛，稱量，支付
pend和pens是同源異形根，它們來自拉丁動詞pendere和它的動名詞pensum。這個動詞有三個意思：to hang（懸掛）；to weigh（稱量）和to pay（支付）。三個意思都與古羅馬時用天平“稱量”金銀“支付”費用一事相關聯(lián)，而稱量的東西是必須“懸掛”在天平上的。三者之中，“懸掛”是基本義。
depend [de-=down下；pend=to hang懸掛→“to hang down form some-thing掛在某物下”→“be supported by something靠某物支持”→] v.① rely (on)依靠；依賴：All living things depend on air.萬物生長都有賴于空氣。② be determined取決于：Whether we go for an outing depends on the weather.去不去郊游要看天氣而定。
▽dependence [depend;ence n.] n.依靠；從屬
dependant [depend;-ant n.] n.受贍養(yǎng)者；侍從
dependent [depend;-ent a.] a.依靠的；由……決定的；從屬的
independent [in-=not不；dependent a.依賴的→] a.① not relying on獨立的：independent thinking獨立思考② self-governing自治的：inde-pendent country主權國家
▽independence [in-;depend;-ence n.] n.獨立；自主
independency [in-;depend;-ency n.] n.獨立；獨立國
suspend [sus-(sub-)=under在……之下；pend=to hang懸掛→“to hang under掛在……之下”→] v.① hang from a supporter above吊；懸：The lamp is suspended from the ceiling.電燈從天花板掛下。② put off for a period of time使懸而不決，暫停：to suspend talks中止會談
▽suspense [sus-;pens;-e] n.懸而不決；未定
suspensor [sus-;pens;-or n.] n.吊繃帶
suspension [sus-;pens;-ion n.] n.懸，吊；暫停，中止
suspensive [sus-;pens;-ive a.] a.暫停的；懸而未決的
append [ap-(ad-)=to到；pend=to hang掛→“to hang to a main body掛到某主體上”→] v. add附加：I want to append some words to the drawing.我要給圖樣附上文字說明。
▽appendage [append;-age n.] n.附加物；附屬物
appendant/appendent [append;-ant/-ent a.] a.附加的；附屬的
pendulum [pend=to hang掛；-ulum (-um) n.=thing物→“thing that hangs懸掛著的東西”→] n. thing hanging from a fixed point so as to swing freely, as in a clock懸擺；鐘擺：simple pendulum單擺
▽pendular [pendul(um);-ar a.] a.鐘擺運動的；擺動的
pendulous [pendul(um);-ous a.] a.懸垂的；擺動的
以下分析幾個包含“稱量”或“支付”概念的同根詞。
expend [ex-=out出；pend=to pay支付→] v.① pay out, or spend付出；花費：He expended lots of time in writing this book.他花許多時間寫這本書。② use up用盡：Don't expend your energy on such a foolish business.別在這種蠢事上耗盡精力。
▽expenditure [expend;-iture n.] n.支出；支出額
expense [ex-;pens;-e] n.花費；消耗
expensive [ex-;pens;-ive a.] a.花費多的；昂貴的
dispense [dis-=apart分開；pend=to weigh稱；-e→“to weigh apart from the amount從總量中稱出一部分”→] v.① deal out;distribute分發(fā)；分配：The machine dispenses coffee to anyone who puts in a coin.只要投入硬幣，這機器就會給你一份咖啡。② mix and give out (medicines)配（方）；發(fā)（藥）：Who dispensed the medicine to you?誰給你配的藥？
▽dispensation [dispens(e);-ation n.] n.分配；分配物；配方
dispensary [dispens(e);-ary n.] n.配藥處；藥房
spend [expend或dispense的詞頭脫落形式→] v.① expend (time)消耗（時間）：He spent three years writing this book.他花三年時間寫這本書。② dispense or give out (money) in payment花費（金錢）：How much did you spend on the car?你買這部車花了多少錢？
▽spendable [spend;-able a.] a.可花費的
compensate [com-=together一起；pens=to weigh稱；-ate v.=to make使……→“to make one thing weighed together with another so as to make a balance使某物與其他物一起稱，以達到平衡”→] v. make a balancing payment for some loss;make up賠償；補償：to compensate the workers injured at work賠償負工傷的工人
▽compensation [compensat(e);-ion n.] n.補償；賠償；賠償費
compensator [compensat(e);-or n.] n.賠償者；（機器）補償器
