1. [舉一反三]根據(jù)已知單詞的詞義推斷出其同根詞的詞義。
expel驅逐→① expeller n.
→② exopellee n.
→③ expellable a.
2. [尋根問底]指出下列單詞的詞根并領會其詞義的由來。
① pulse n.脈搏;脈動;脈沖
pulsar n.脈沖星
pulser n.脈沖發(fā)生器
② pulsate v.搏動
pulsative a.脈動的
pulsator n.搏動的東西;搏動式人工呼吸器;脈動器
pulsatory a.能脈動的
③ pulsimeter/palsometer n.脈搏計
④ pulsion n.推進
pulsive a.推進的
3. [節(jié)外生枝] pel有個來自法語的異體peal,請注意下列單詞。
① peal n.響亮持久的聲音
② appeal v.呼吁;懇求
appealing a.有感染力的;動人的
③ repeal v.撤消(決議等);廢止(法令等)
repealer n.撤消者;廢止者
68. pend, pens [L]=to hang, to weigh, to pay懸掛,稱量,支付
pend和pens是同源異形根,它們來自拉丁動詞pendere和它的動名詞pensum。這個動詞有三個意思:to hang(懸掛);to weigh(稱量)和to pay(支付)。三個意思都與古羅馬時用天平“稱量”金銀“支付”費用一事相關聯(lián),而稱量的東西是必須“懸掛”在天平上的。三者之中,“懸掛”是基本義。
depend [de-=down下;pend=to hang懸掛→“to hang down form some-thing掛在某物下”→“be supported by something靠某物支持”→] v.① rely (on)依靠;依賴:All living things depend on air.萬物生長都有賴于空氣。② be determined取決于:Whether we go for an outing depends on the weather.去不去郊游要看天氣而定。
▽dependence [depend;ence n.] n.依靠;從屬
dependant [depend;-ant n.] n.受贍養(yǎng)者;侍從
dependent [depend;-ent a.] a.依靠的;由……決定的;從屬的
independent [in-=not不;dependent a.依賴的→] a.① not relying on獨立的:independent thinking獨立思考② self-governing自治的:inde-pendent country主權國家
▽independence [in-;depend;-ence n.] n.獨立;自主
independency [in-;depend;-ency n.] n.獨立;獨立國
suspend [sus-(sub-)=under在……之下;pend=to hang懸掛→“to hang under掛在……之下”→] v.① hang from a supporter above吊;懸:The lamp is suspended from the ceiling.電燈從天花板掛下。② put off for a period of time使懸而不決,暫停:to suspend talks中止會談
▽suspense [sus-;pens;-e] n.懸而不決;未定
suspensor [sus-;pens;-or n.] n.吊繃帶
suspension [sus-;pens;-ion n.] n.懸,吊;暫停,中止
suspensive [sus-;pens;-ive a.] a.暫停的;懸而未決的
append [ap-(ad-)=to到;pend=to hang掛→“to hang to a main body掛到某主體上”→] v. add附加:I want to append some words to the drawing.我要給圖樣附上文字說明。
▽appendage [append;-age n.] n.附加物;附屬物
appendant/appendent [append;-ant/-ent a.] a.附加的;附屬的
pendulum [pend=to hang掛;-ulum (-um) n.=thing物→“thing that hangs懸掛著的東西”→] n. thing hanging from a fixed point so as to swing freely, as in a clock懸擺;鐘擺:simple pendulum單擺
▽pendular [pendul(um);-ar a.] a.鐘擺運動的;擺動的
pendulous [pendul(um);-ous a.] a.懸垂的;擺動的
以下分析幾個包含“稱量”或“支付”概念的同根詞。
expend [ex-=out出;pend=to pay支付→] v.① pay out, or spend付出;花費:He expended lots of time in writing this book.他花許多時間寫這本書。② use up用盡:Don't expend your energy on such a foolish business.別在這種蠢事上耗盡精力。
▽expenditure [expend;-iture n.] n.支出;支出額
expense [ex-;pens;-e] n.花費;消耗
expensive [ex-;pens;-ive a.] a.花費多的;昂貴的
dispense [dis-=apart分開;pend=to weigh稱;-e→“to weigh apart from the amount從總量中稱出一部分”→] v.① deal out;distribute分發(fā);分配:The machine dispenses coffee to anyone who puts in a coin.只要投入硬幣,這機器就會給你一份咖啡。② mix and give out (medicines)配(方);發(fā)(藥):Who dispensed the medicine to you?誰給你配的藥?
▽dispensation [dispens(e);-ation n.] n.分配;分配物;配方
dispensary [dispens(e);-ary n.] n.配藥處;藥房
spend [expend或dispense的詞頭脫落形式→] v.① expend (time)消耗(時間):He spent three years writing this book.他花三年時間寫這本書。② dispense or give out (money) in payment花費(金錢):How much did you spend on the car?你買這部車花了多少錢?
▽spendable [spend;-able a.] a.可花費的
compensate [com-=together一起;pens=to weigh稱;-ate v.=to make使……→“to make one thing weighed together with another so as to make a balance使某物與其他物一起稱,以達到平衡”→] v. make a balancing payment for some loss;make up賠償;補償:to compensate the workers injured at work賠償負工傷的工人
▽compensation [compensat(e);-ion n.] n.補償;賠償;賠償費
compensator [compensat(e);-or n.] n.賠償者;(機器)補償器