英語四級(jí)難度提升閱讀訓(xùn)練 Text 12

Text 12

Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and others will not. As a result, major discord could emerge. It is possible that psychologists with the right to prescribe may consider themselves superior to those without the right. If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader third party payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded second class status in their profession.

The debate, thus far, has focused on the training necessary to grant psychologists prescription privileges. Although this matter is important, of more basic concern are treatment implications and the future role of psychologists. Prescription privileges could move psychologists closer to a medical model and further away from their historical goal. Psychology began in the late 19th century as an application for psychological techniques. Its focus has been on assessment, behavioral interventions, consultation, and applied research. Before the widespread use of psychotropic medications, psychiatry emphasized the practice of psychotherapy. Gradually, psychiatry moved toward increased reliance on drugs and away from psychotherapy. It is possible, over time, that psychologists, like psychiatrists, could become more influenced by the use of medication.

Despite the argument that prescription privileges significantly may alter traditional psychotherapeutic implications, some psychologists strongly feel that they would be looked upon more favorably, gain prestige, and increase their caseload if they could have the same status of prescribing medication as psychiatrists do. Does this mean that a lack of prescription privileges promotes the image of psychology as an inferior profession to psychiatry? Contrary to this argument is the fact that psychologists are delivering more outpatient mental health care than any other group of providers.

Whatever some psychologists may perceive as a therapeutic drawback because they are unable to offer prescriptions for psychotropic medications apparently is not recognized by the general public. Psychologists may have flourished because they have offered a clear and distinct service from psychiatry. The use of medication may send a message to patients that may interfere with personal change and growth. Medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying that benefits come from external agents, not from one's own efforts at change and growth.

A large portion of the population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.

1.Prescription privileges may lead to professional discord mainly because _______.

A.patients would turn to those qualified to prescribe

B.not all psychologists would gain the right to prescribe

C.trained prescribers are outstanding in their career

D.psychological techniques would become second choice

2.In the eyes of general public,_______.

A.psychology is an inferior profession to psychiatry

B.inability to offer prescription put psychologists at a therapeutic disadvantage

C.medication diminish the effectiveness of psychotherapy

D.prescription privileges could raise the psychologists' image

3.We can infer from the passage that if psychologists could prescribe, _______.

A.it would lead to broader third party payment

B.they would be looked upon more favorably

C.their caseload would increase

D.they might become more influenced by the use of drugs

4.The best title for the passage may be "________".

A.Future Role of Psychologists

B.Prescribing Medications: A Reasonable Choice?

C.Psychology versus Psychiatry

D.Prescription Privileges & Psychotropic Medications

5.The word "accord" (Line 6, Para. 1) means_______.

A.to grant　B.to agree　C.to conform　D.to bring

長難例句分析

［長難例句］Giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers may create a division among psychologists whereby some will be able to prescribe and others will not.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句是復(fù)合句。whereby是關(guān)系副詞，意為“靠那個(gè)”。giving psychologists the option to become trained prescribers是動(dòng)名詞形式，在句中作主語。

［參考譯文］有選擇地培訓(xùn)一些心理學(xué)者成為處方醫(yī)生可能造成在心理專家之間的區(qū)別，一些專家有資格開處方而另一些卻無處方權(quán)。

［長難例句］If gaining prescription privileges would lead to broader third party payments or full hospital privileges for those qualified to prescribe, psychologists unable to do so may feel that they have been accorded second class status in their profession.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句為復(fù)合句。If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，動(dòng)名詞形式gaining prescription privilege是從句中的主語。主句中unable to do so作定語，修飾先行詞psychologists。

［參考譯文］如果獲得處方權(quán)會(huì)導(dǎo)致第三方的支出增加或者使有處方資格者享有完全的行醫(yī)權(quán)，那些無處方權(quán)的心理治療從業(yè)者可能感覺自己已被劃為二流的從業(yè)人員。

全文參考譯文

有選擇地培訓(xùn)一些心理學(xué)者成為處方醫(yī)生的選擇可能造成心理專家之間的差別：一些專家有資格開處方而另一些卻沒有。結(jié)果分歧產(chǎn)生了，有處方權(quán)的心理醫(yī)生可能感覺優(yōu)越于無處方權(quán)者。如果獲得處方權(quán)會(huì)導(dǎo)致第三方的支出增加或者使有處方權(quán)者享有完全的行醫(yī)特權(quán)的話，那些無處方權(quán)的心理醫(yī)生可能會(huì)覺得自己被劃分為第二流的從業(yè)人員。

直到現(xiàn)在，爭論的焦點(diǎn)是有沒有培訓(xùn)心理學(xué)者以使其獲得處方權(quán)的必要。雖然這個(gè)問題很重要，更基礎(chǔ)的問題是治療的含義以及心理學(xué)者未來的角色。處方權(quán)會(huì)使心理學(xué)者更像醫(yī)生進(jìn)而遠(yuǎn)離了他們一貫的目標(biāo)。心理學(xué)作為心理技巧的應(yīng)用始于19世紀(jì)晚期。它的中心是評(píng)估、行為干預(yù)、咨詢以及應(yīng)用研究。在精神類藥物廣泛傳播之前，精神病學(xué)更側(cè)重心理療法。精神病學(xué)不斷遠(yuǎn)離心理治療，而對(duì)藥物的依賴逐漸增加。隨著時(shí)間的流逝，有可能發(fā)生的是：像精神病醫(yī)師一樣，心理醫(yī)生也會(huì)更多地使用藥物療法。

盡管人們認(rèn)為處方權(quán)會(huì)極大地改變傳統(tǒng)的心理醫(yī)療學(xué)的意義，心理學(xué)者強(qiáng)烈地感到：如果自己能夠像精神病醫(yī)生那樣擁有處方權(quán)的話，他們就更受歡迎、獲得聲望并增加就醫(yī)人數(shù)。這種觀點(diǎn)是不是意味著沒有處方權(quán)就會(huì)貶低心理學(xué)的形象，使它比精神病學(xué)職業(yè)的地位更低？事實(shí)恰恰相反，心理學(xué)者對(duì)門診就醫(yī)者所提供的心理健康醫(yī)療比其他醫(yī)生都要多。

由于心理醫(yī)生對(duì)作用于精神的藥物無處方權(quán)，他們可能察覺到這是治療上的一個(gè)缺陷。很明顯，這一點(diǎn)并未被公眾所接受。心理醫(yī)生本可以極為成功，因?yàn)樗麄兲峁┑姆?wù)完全有別于精神病醫(yī)療。藥物的使用會(huì)傳遞給病人一種信息，這種信息會(huì)干擾個(gè)人的變化和發(fā)展。藥物療法意味著治療效果源自外部因素，而非患者在改變和發(fā)展中自身努力的結(jié)果。在這一點(diǎn)上，藥物可能會(huì)掩飾心理治療的效果。

許多人偏愛心理學(xué)的非藥物治療。如果心理醫(yī)生開始寫處方，他們的許多病人就會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)研究者或其他不用藥的醫(yī)療師。心理醫(yī)生的處方權(quán)會(huì)對(duì)他們的職業(yè)前景產(chǎn)生深刻影響，這一點(diǎn)幾乎是毫無疑問的。

題目答案與解析

1.處方權(quán)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致行業(yè)分化，主要是因?yàn)開_______。

A.病人可能找那些有處方權(quán)的人看病

B.并不是所有的心理醫(yī)生都有權(quán)開處方

C.訓(xùn)練有素的能開處方的人是他們這個(gè)行業(yè)中的優(yōu)秀分子

D.心理技術(shù)將成為第二選擇

【答案】B

【解析】推理暗示題。文章第一、第二句話：給予一部分心理學(xué)者處方權(quán)會(huì)分化整體從業(yè)人員，導(dǎo)致思想分歧。而B項(xiàng)提到并不是所有的心理學(xué)者都有開處方的權(quán)力，因此B項(xiàng)是正確答案。

2.公眾認(rèn)為，________。

A.心理學(xué)從業(yè)人員比精神病學(xué)從業(yè)人員差

B.不能開處方會(huì)使心理學(xué)家在疾病治療方面處于不利的處境

C.藥物減弱了心理療法的效果

D.處方權(quán)可以美化心理學(xué)者的形象

【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。第四段末尾提到medications can undercut psychotherapy efforts by implying，在這一點(diǎn)上，藥物可能會(huì)掩飾心理治療的效果。C項(xiàng)恰恰表述了這一意思。

3.從本文我們可以推出，如果心理學(xué)者可以開處方，________。

A.可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致第三方支出的增加　　B.他們可能會(huì)更受歡迎

C.就醫(yī)人數(shù)可能會(huì)增加　　　　　　D.他們可能會(huì)更多地使用藥物療法

【答案】D

【解析】推理暗示題。文章第二段最后一句話提到像精神病醫(yī)師一樣，心理醫(yī)生也有可能會(huì)更多地使用藥物療法。由此可以推知D項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。

4.本文最適合的標(biāo)題是“________”。

A.心理學(xué)者未來的角色　　B.開處方：一個(gè)合理的選擇？

C.心理學(xué)與精神病學(xué)　　　D.處方權(quán)與精神類藥物

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要圍繞是否有必要給予心理從業(yè)人員處方權(quán)這一中心思議題展開討論，由此可見B項(xiàng)是正確選項(xiàng)。

5.單詞“accord”（第一段第六行）的意思是________。

A.給予　　B.同意　　C.順從　　D.帶來

【答案】A

【解析】詞語釋義題。accord意為“給予”，與grant同義。