英語(yǔ)四級(jí)難度提升閱讀訓(xùn)練 Text 22

Text 22

Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated this revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears. By the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise" — the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off-line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it, change it."

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — when most vivid dreams occur — as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the"emotional brain") is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. "We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day," says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events — until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep— or rather dream — on it and you'll feel better in the morning.

1.Researchers have come to believe that dreams_______.

A.can be modified in their courses　　　B.are susceptible to emotional changes

C.reflect our innermost desires and fears　D.are a random outcome of neural repairs

2.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show_______.

A.its function in our dreams　　　　B.the mechanism of REM sleep

C.the relation of dreams to emotions　D.its difference from the prefrontal cortex

3.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_______.

A.aggravate in our unconscious mind　B.develop into happy dreams

C.persist till the time we fall asleep　　D.show up in dreams early at night

4.Cartwright seems to suggest that_______.

A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

B.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

C.dreams should be left to their natural progression

D.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

5.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

A.Lead your life as usual.　　　B.Seek professional help.

C.Exercise conscious control.　D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

長(zhǎng)難例句分析

［長(zhǎng)難例句］Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句的主干是Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night，而progressing toward happier ones before awakening作狀語(yǔ)，表示夢(mèng)發(fā)展的過(guò)程?，F(xiàn)在分詞suggesting引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)是對(duì)主句內(nèi)容作出的概括性說(shuō)明。

［參考譯文］在夜里早些時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人似乎會(huì)做更多噩夢(mèng)，在睡醒前逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為較愉快的夢(mèng)，這表示他們正在化解在白天產(chǎn)生的消極情感。

全文參考譯文

一夜好覺的所有因素中，夢(mèng)似乎是最不好控制的因素。在夢(mèng)境中，一扇窗戶開啟，將我們帶入了這樣一個(gè)世界：在那里，邏輯被置之不理，死者開口說(shuō)話。一個(gè)世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了這樣的革命性理論：夢(mèng)是我們潛意識(shí)愿望和恐懼的偽裝的影子；到20世紀(jì)70年代末期，神經(jīng)病理學(xué)家改變了想法，開始認(rèn)為夢(mèng)不過(guò)是“精神噪音”——睡眠期間進(jìn)行的神經(jīng)修復(fù)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的隨機(jī)副產(chǎn)品?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員懷疑，夢(mèng)是大腦情感調(diào)節(jié)裝置的一部分，在大腦處于“脫機(jī)”時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)情緒。一位主要的權(quán)威人士說(shuō)，這些強(qiáng)有力的心理事件不僅可以得到利用，而且還能幫助我們獲得更好的睡眠和感覺。芝加哥醫(yī)療中心的心理學(xué)主任Rosalind說(shuō)：“夢(mèng)是你自己的。如果你不喜歡，你就換一個(gè)?！?/p>

大腦影像的證據(jù)支持了這種觀點(diǎn)。匹茲堡大學(xué)的Eric Nofzinger博士說(shuō)，在REM（快速眼動(dòng)）睡眠期間——這時(shí)會(huì)做大多數(shù)栩栩如生的夢(mèng)，大腦十分活躍，正如在完全清醒時(shí)一樣。但是，并非大腦的所有部分都是這樣；大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情感大腦”）尤其活躍，而前額葉皮質(zhì)（理智的中心）則相對(duì)平靜?！盁o(wú)論我們從夢(mèng)中醒來(lái)時(shí)是高興還是沮喪，那些情感都可能整天伴隨我們。”斯坦福大學(xué)睡眠研究員William Dement博士說(shuō)。

夢(mèng)與情感之間的聯(lián)系在Cartwright門診部的患者中得到體現(xiàn)。在夜里早些時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人似乎會(huì)做更多噩夢(mèng)，在睡醒前逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為較愉快的夢(mèng)，這表示他們正在化解在白天產(chǎn)生的消極情感。因?yàn)槲覀兊囊庾R(shí)被日?，嵤抡紦?jù)，所以我們并不總是考慮白天所發(fā)生事件的情感意義——似乎直到我們開始做夢(mèng)。

我們不應(yīng)該把這個(gè)過(guò)程看成是潛意識(shí)的。Cartwright認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人可以經(jīng)過(guò)練習(xí)，有意識(shí)地控制反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的噩夢(mèng)。你一醒來(lái)就應(yīng)該確定夢(mèng)中有什么在困擾你。想象一下你想要如何終止這個(gè)夢(mèng)；當(dāng)它出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該盡力醒來(lái)，以便控制它的進(jìn)程。實(shí)際上，經(jīng)過(guò)大量的練習(xí)后，人們可以學(xué)會(huì)在夢(mèng)中這樣做。

晚上，可能很少有什么理由使我們關(guān)注自己的夢(mèng)，除非那些夢(mèng)使我們無(wú)法睡眠，或者，“我們?cè)诳只胖畜@醒”，Cartwright說(shuō)。恐怖主義、經(jīng)濟(jì)上的不穩(wěn)定以及通常的不安全感加重了人們的焦慮。那些持續(xù)遭受噩夢(mèng)折磨的人應(yīng)當(dāng)尋求治療專家的幫助。對(duì)其余的人來(lái)說(shuō)，大腦有它自己化解惡劣情緒的辦法。放心地睡覺——或者盡管去做夢(mèng)，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)你會(huì)感覺好一些。

題目答案與解析

1.研究人員開始認(rèn)為夢(mèng)________。

A.在其進(jìn)程中可以改變　　　　　　　B.容易受到情感變化的影響

C.反映了我們內(nèi)心深處的愿望和恐懼　D.是神經(jīng)修復(fù)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)隨機(jī)產(chǎn)物

【答案】A

【解析】本題可參照文章的第一段。從中可知，一個(gè)世紀(jì)前，弗洛伊德闡述了這樣的革命性理論——夢(mèng)是我們潛意識(shí)欲望和恐懼的偽裝陰影；到20世紀(jì)70年代末期，神經(jīng)病理學(xué)家改變了想法，開始認(rèn)為夢(mèng)不過(guò)是睡眠期間進(jìn)行的神經(jīng)修復(fù)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的隨機(jī)副產(chǎn)品；現(xiàn)在；研究人員懷疑，夢(mèng)是大腦情感調(diào)節(jié)裝置的一部分，在大腦處于“脫機(jī)”時(shí)調(diào)控情緒；一位主要的權(quán)威人士說(shuō)，這些心理事件不僅可以得到利用，而且還能幫助我們獲得更好的睡眠和感覺；Rosalind Cartwright說(shuō)，“夢(mèng)是你自己的。如果你不喜歡，你就換一個(gè)?！睋?jù)此可知，研究人員認(rèn)為夢(mèng)可以改變。A項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符，因此為正確答案。

2.作者通過(guò)談?wù)摯竽X邊緣系統(tǒng)是想揭示________。

A.其在我們夢(mèng)境中的作用　B.REM睡眠的機(jī)制

C.夢(mèng)與情感的關(guān)系　　　　D.它與前額皮層的區(qū)別

【答案】C

【解析】本題可參照文章的第二段。從中可知，Eric Nofzinger博士說(shuō)在REM（眼睛快速運(yùn)動(dòng)）睡眠期間，大腦十分活躍，正如在完全清醒時(shí)一樣；但是，并非大腦的所有部分都是這樣；大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)（“情感大腦”）尤其活躍，而前額葉皮質(zhì)（理智的中心）則相對(duì)平靜；無(wú)論我們從夢(mèng)中醒來(lái)時(shí)是高興還是沮喪，那些情感都可能整日伴隨我們，William Dement博士說(shuō)。據(jù)此可知，作者提到大腦邊緣系統(tǒng)是想說(shuō)明做夢(mèng)與情感之間的聯(lián)系。C項(xiàng)與作者的意圖相符，因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.白天產(chǎn)生的消極情緒會(huì)趨向于________。

A.加劇我們的無(wú)意識(shí)情緒　　　　　B.演變成愉快的夢(mèng)

C.一直延續(xù)，直到我們?nèi)胨瘯r(shí)為止　D.在夜里早些時(shí)候的夢(mèng)境中出現(xiàn)

【答案】D

【解析】本題可參照文章的第三段。從中可知，夢(mèng)與情感之間的聯(lián)系在Cartwright門診部的患者中得到體現(xiàn)；在夜里早些時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人似乎會(huì)做更多噩夢(mèng)，在睡醒前逐漸轉(zhuǎn)為較愉快的夢(mèng)，這表示他們正在化解在白天產(chǎn)生的消極情感；因?yàn)槲覀兊囊庾R(shí)被日?，嵤抡紦?jù)，所以我們并不總是考慮白天所發(fā)生事件的情感意義。據(jù)此可知，白天產(chǎn)生的消極情緒往往會(huì)在夜里早些時(shí)候的夢(mèng)境中出現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符，因此為正確答案。

4.Cartwright像是在暗示________。

A.及時(shí)醒來(lái)對(duì)于擺脫噩夢(mèng)至關(guān)重要　B.使噩夢(mèng)形象化有助于控制噩夢(mèng)

C.夢(mèng)應(yīng)該被看成是自然進(jìn)程　　　　D.做夢(mèng)可能不完全屬于無(wú)意識(shí)行為

【答案】D

【解析】本題可參照文章的最后兩段。從中可知，這個(gè)過(guò)程不應(yīng)該被看成是潛意識(shí)的；Cartwright認(rèn)為，一個(gè)人可以經(jīng)過(guò)練習(xí)，有意識(shí)地控制反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的噩夢(mèng)；你一醒來(lái)就應(yīng)該確定夢(mèng)中有什么在困擾你；想象一下你想要如何終止這個(gè)夢(mèng)；當(dāng)它出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該盡力醒來(lái)，以便控制它的進(jìn)程；可能很少有什么理由使我們關(guān)注自己的夢(mèng)，除非那些夢(mèng)使我們無(wú)法睡眠，或者，“我們?cè)诳只胖畜@醒”，Cartwright說(shuō)；恐怖主義、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不確定性以及通常的不安全感加重了人們的焦慮。據(jù)此可知，Cartwright認(rèn)為人們做夢(mèng)可能不完全是無(wú)意識(shí)的行為。D項(xiàng)與文章的意思相符，因此為正確答案。

5.Cartwright對(duì)那些有時(shí)做噩夢(mèng)的人可能會(huì)提什么建議？

A.像平常一樣生活。　　B.尋求專業(yè)人員的援助。

C.練習(xí)控制意識(shí)。　　　D.避免在白天焦慮。

【答案】A

【解析】本題可參照文章的最后一段。從中可知，可能很少有什么理由使我們關(guān)注自己的夢(mèng)，除非那些夢(mèng)使我們無(wú)法睡眠，或者，“我們?cè)诳只胖畜@醒”，Cartwright說(shuō)；恐怖主義、經(jīng)濟(jì)的不確定性以及通常的不安全感加重了人們的焦慮；那些持續(xù)遭受噩夢(mèng)折磨的人應(yīng)當(dāng)尋求治療專家的幫助；對(duì)我們其余的人來(lái)說(shuō)，大腦有它自己化解糟糕情緒的辦法；放心地睡覺——或者盡管去做夢(mèng)，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)你會(huì)感覺好一些。據(jù)此可知，Cartwright可能認(rèn)為不經(jīng)常做噩夢(mèng)的人沒有必要擔(dān)心。A項(xiàng)與Cartwright的觀點(diǎn)相符。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。