6個(gè)與精神病有關(guān)的特征，敢不敢自查一下？

Below are six unexpected characteristics linked to being a psychopath,according to recent studies.Take this list with a grain of salt:It's entirely possible to have several of them and be perfectly well-adjusted(adj.完全調(diào)試好了的;完全適應(yīng)環(huán)境的),and many of these studies are small.Still,it's interesting to consider the potential dark side of common traits.

根據(jù)最近的研究，接下來(lái)列舉的是六個(gè)與精神病有關(guān)的、令人意想不到的特征。請(qǐng)務(wù)必對(duì)這張清單持保留態(tài)度：人們完全有可能中了很多條，卻仍然活得好好的，而且這其中許多研究的規(guī)模都很小。盡管如此，考慮這些共同特征背后潛在的黑暗面，還是非常有趣的。

1.YOU STUDIED BUSINESS

學(xué)的是商科

Different jobs attract different personality types.Most painfully shy people don't go into sales,for instance,while the job might be very appealing for someone who's extremely outgoing and extraverted.If you're a psychopath,on the other hand,you probably are drawn to business.

不同的工作會(huì)吸引不同性格類(lèi)型的人。就比如說(shuō)，很多極度害羞的人都不會(huì)去選擇做銷(xiāo)售，可這份工作對(duì)于那些很外向的人就特別有吸引力。另一方面，如果你是一個(gè)精神病患者，你就有可能會(huì)對(duì)商業(yè)學(xué)科有很強(qiáng)烈的興趣。

A 2017 Danish study that analyzed how personality traits correlate with choice of undergraduate majors found that students who scored higher on measures of the"Dark Triad"(黑暗三性格)—a collective term for narcissism,Machiavellianism,and psychopathy—were more likely to study economics or business than law or psychology.

2017年，丹麥學(xué)者的一項(xiàng)研究分析了性格特征與本科專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇之間的關(guān)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)在“黑暗三性格”測(cè)試中測(cè)試中得分較高的學(xué)生，更有可能去選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)或商科，而不是法律或心理學(xué)。(Dark Triad是心理學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)“黑暗三性格”，指的是自戀、馬基雅維利主義權(quán)術(shù)與謀略、精神病態(tài)的統(tǒng)稱(chēng))

"The desire for power,status,and money characterizing Dark Triad individuals,"the researchers write,seems to guide their choice of majors.In other words,going into the business world may not make people unscrupulous([?n?skru?pj?l?s]adj.肆無(wú)忌憚的;不講道德的)as much as unscrupulous people tend to go into business.

研究人員寫(xiě)道：“黑暗三性格指數(shù)較高的人，他們對(duì)權(quán)力、地位和金錢(qián)的渴望似乎引導(dǎo)著他們對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)的選擇。”換句話說(shuō)，選擇進(jìn)入商業(yè)圈的人可能不是那種不擇手段的人，但那種性格極端、寡廉鮮恥的人卻更傾向于經(jīng)商。

2.YOU DON'T CATCH YAWNS

不會(huì)被傳染哈欠

Being a psychopath is often linked to a lack of empathy for other people.There's more to empathy than just feeling others'pain,though.One of the theories for contagious([k?n?te?d??s]adj.感染性的;會(huì)蔓延的)yawning is that it's an empathy response,one found in multiple animal species.

精神病患者常常被認(rèn)為是對(duì)他人缺乏同理心。然而，同理心并不僅僅指的是可以對(duì)別人的痛苦感同身受。有關(guān)于傳染哈欠(就是你如果看到了其他人打哈欠，你也會(huì)不由自主地打哈欠，像是被迅速傳染上一樣)的理論之一是，這是一種在很多種動(dòng)物中都有發(fā)現(xiàn)的移情反應(yīng)。

Psychopaths,however,don't catch yawns([j??n]v.打哈欠;豁開(kāi)n.打哈欠),according to a 2015 study of 135 university students in Texas.The students who scored higher on measures of psychopathy didn't yawn as much in response to watching videos of other people yawning,the researchers found.If you're impervious to the sight of yawns,you might have an empathy problem.

然而，2015年科學(xué)家對(duì)德克薩斯州135名大學(xué)生做的一項(xiàng)研究表示，那些精神病患者不會(huì)被別人傳染哈欠。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在精神病測(cè)試中得分較高的學(xué)生在觀看其他人打哈欠的視頻時(shí)，打哈欠的次數(shù)并沒(méi)有其他人那么多。所以，如果你對(duì)其他人的哈欠沒(méi)什么反應(yīng)，你就可能缺失了一些同理心。

3.YOU'RE A NIGHT OWL

是夜貓子

Our internal clocks are particular beasts.Some of us will just never be morning people,no matter how hard we try,and others will never be able to go to bed early.To some extent,your circadian rhythm( 生理節(jié)律;日周期節(jié)律)is genetic,though in general,it does change over your lifetime.

我們身體里面的生物鐘就像是一個(gè)特殊的小怪獸。我們中的一部分人無(wú)論多么努力，都永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成為早起的人;而另一部分人也永遠(yuǎn)都做不到早睡。從某種程度上說(shuō)，你的晝夜規(guī)律是遺傳的，不過(guò)總體而言，這種規(guī)律會(huì)隨著你的人生不斷變化著。

People with antisocial tendencies,though,may be more likely to stay up late.A small 2013 study found that people on a night owl schedule exhibited greater Dark Triad traits than early risers.Seems like a useful adaptation to have if you're predisposed to doing bad deeds under the cover of darkness.

然而，專(zhuān)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有反社會(huì)傾向的人更有可能熬夜。2013年的一項(xiàng)小型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，夜貓子會(huì)比習(xí)慣早起的人表現(xiàn)出更強(qiáng)的黑暗性格。如果你傾向于在黑夜的掩護(hù)下做壞事，那么這一條似乎是有用的信息哦。

4.YOU LOVE EMINEM

喜歡阿姆

Plenty of die-hard(頑固的;鐵桿)music fans believe that their tastes speak to their soul,but in the case of psychopaths,personality might be influencing what's on your playlist.

有很多死忠樂(lè)迷都相信，他們的音樂(lè)品味可以反映出他們的靈魂;但就精神病態(tài)這個(gè)層面而言，你獨(dú)特的個(gè)性可能會(huì)在你的音樂(lè)播放列表上有所體現(xiàn)。

According to a preliminary study from New York University,people with higher degrees of psychopathy tend to prefer"No Diggity"and"Lose Yourself"over songs like"My Sharona."The results weren't exactly rock-hard evidence,but the findings were significant enough that the researchers are launching a larger investigation into links between musical tastes and psychopathic traits.

根據(jù)紐約大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)初步研究，精神病程度較高的人往往更喜歡“No Diggity”和“Lose Yourself”這種暗黑系的歌，而不是“My Sharona”之類(lèi)的流行歌曲。這些結(jié)果并不是非常確鑿的證據(jù)，但這些發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大，研究人員正在對(duì)音樂(lè)品味和精神病特征之間的關(guān)系展開(kāi)更大范圍的研究。

5.YOU'RE CREATIVE

極具創(chuàng)造力

A desire to break the rules doesn't always result in a desire to break the law.Artists and other creatives march to their own beat,too.In 2016,Filipino researchers found that certain traits associated with psychopathy—especially boldness([?bo?ldn?s]n.大膽;冒失;顯著)—were linked with scores on a divergent thinking test,a common psychological method for measuring creativity.Being a risk taker can help you think more creatively.Some people put that love of risk to work on the canvas,while other people might come up with more nefarious uses.

那種想要打破陳規(guī)的渴望，并不是說(shuō)這種想法會(huì)導(dǎo)致違法犯罪。因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)家和其他極具創(chuàng)意的人們也在同樣的跟著自己的創(chuàng)意節(jié)奏走。不過(guò)在2016年，菲律賓的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與精神疾病相關(guān)的某些特征——尤其是肆意妄為——與發(fā)散思維測(cè)試(一種衡量創(chuàng)造力的常見(jiàn)心理方法)的分?jǐn)?shù)有關(guān)。做一個(gè)敢于冒險(xiǎn)的人可以幫助你更有創(chuàng)造性地思考。只是有些人把這種冒險(xiǎn)精神放在畫(huà)布上，而某些人則可能會(huì)想出更邪惡的用途。

6.YOU'RE STILL FRIENDS WITH YOUR EXES

和前任們還是朋友

Psychopaths are known for cold calculation and manipulation([m??n?pju?le??n]n.操縱;操作;處理;篡改),and that trait may lead them to keep their exes around long after the relationship ends.A September 2017 study from Oakland University psychologists found that in a sample of more than 800 people,people with psychopathic traits tended to keep exes in their lives for pragmatic([præɡ?mæt?k]adj.實(shí)際的;實(shí)用主義的),transactional reasons,like wanting the ability to hook up with them again later or knowing they had money.

心理變態(tài)者以冷酷無(wú)情的算計(jì)和操控而出名，而這一特點(diǎn)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致他們?cè)趹偾榻Y(jié)束后很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)都能與前任保持正常聯(lián)系。奧克蘭大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家2017年9月的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在800多人的樣本中，有心理病態(tài)特征的人更傾向于把前任留在自己的生活圈中，而其中的原因只是一種務(wù)實(shí)的交易性質(zhì)，比如希望以后能再和他們約會(huì)，或者知道他們有錢(qián)。

"Narcissists hate to fail or lose,so will do what they can to maintain some connection if they didn't make the choice to end it,"as narcissism expert Tony Ferretti told Broadly.

“自戀者討厭失敗或失去某樣?xùn)|西，所以如果他們當(dāng)時(shí)在這段感情被迫結(jié)束時(shí)沒(méi)得選擇，那他們就會(huì)盡其所能保持一些聯(lián)系，”自戀學(xué)專(zhuān)家托尼費(fèi)瑟這樣說(shuō)。