農(nóng)藥殘留最多和最少的果蔬分別是……

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) recently released its annual Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce, which includes two lists: the “Dirty Dozen” and the “Clean Fifteen,” which rank which types of fruits and vegetables have the highest and lowest levels of pesticide residue, respectively.

美國(guó)環(huán)境工作組近日發(fā)布了年度農(nóng)藥殘留農(nóng)產(chǎn)品購(gòu)物指南，其中包括兩個(gè)清單：“最臟的12種”和“干凈的15種”，分別列出了農(nóng)藥殘留最多和最少的果蔬類(lèi)型。

The EWG’s Dirty Dozen is a list of nonorganic foods with the most pesticide residues. The EWG analyzes recent testing samples from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pesticide Data Program (PDP) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). For realistic consumer data, the USDA washes, scrubs and peels (if necessary) fruits and vegetables, just as people normally would, and then tests for pesticides.

環(huán)境工作組的“最臟12種”清單包含農(nóng)藥殘留最多的非有機(jī)食品。環(huán)境工作組分析了美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)藥數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)目和食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局近期檢測(cè)的樣品。為了得到真實(shí)的消費(fèi)者數(shù)據(jù)，農(nóng)業(yè)部工作人員就像人們通常會(huì)做的那樣對(duì)果蔬進(jìn)行沖刷清洗并在有必要的情況下給果蔬削皮，然后才檢測(cè)農(nóng)藥殘留。

The EWG found that 99% of strawberry samples (most recently tested in 2015-16) had detectable residues of at least one pesticide, earning the fruit the No. 1 spot. In addition, this year, the group found bell and hot peppers contained more pesticide residue than in the past, moving them up from 12th place to 7th place. The EWG also found that conventional spinach had on average 1.8 times as much pesticide residue by weight as other tested crops, and kale, collard and mustard greens had the most pesticides detected in total.

環(huán)境工作組發(fā)現(xiàn)，99%的草莓樣品（最近一批樣品檢測(cè)時(shí)間是2015到2016年）至少可檢測(cè)到一種農(nóng)藥殘留，從而在農(nóng)藥殘留上位列首位。此外，環(huán)境工作組今年發(fā)現(xiàn)，柿子椒和辣椒所含的農(nóng)藥殘留比往年更多，從12位上升到了第7位。環(huán)境工作組還發(fā)現(xiàn)，傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品菠菜所含的平均農(nóng)藥殘留水平是接受檢測(cè)的其他同等重量農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的1.8倍。羽衣甘藍(lán)和芥菜檢測(cè)出的農(nóng)藥殘留總量是最高的。

以下是“最臟12種果蔬”完整清單：

1 Strawberries 草莓

2 Spinach 菠菜

3 Kale, collard & mustard greens 羽衣甘藍(lán)和芥菜

4 Nectarines 油桃

5 Apples 蘋(píng)果

6 Grapes 葡萄

7 Bell & hot peppers 柿子椒和辣椒

8 Cherries 櫻桃

9 Peaches 桃子

10 Pears 梨

11 Celery 芹菜

12 Tomatoes 西紅柿

Which fruits and vegetables have the lowest levels of pesticides?

那么哪種果蔬的農(nóng)藥殘留最少呢？

Opposite the Dirty Dozen is EWG’s Clean Fifteen — a list of fruits and vegetables with the lowest amount of pesticide residue, with about 70% of samples having no detectable amounts. Notably, many of these foods have an outer layer that you typically remove before consuming.

和“最臟12種”相對(duì)的是環(huán)境工作組的“干凈15種”清單，列出了農(nóng)藥殘留最少的果蔬，其中約70%的樣品檢測(cè)不出農(nóng)藥殘留。值得注意的是，其中有許多果蔬都有一層外皮，一般在食用之前會(huì)剝掉。

農(nóng)藥殘留最少的15種干凈果蔬：

1 Avocados 牛油果

2 Sweet corn 甜玉米

3 Pineapple 菠蘿

4 Onions 洋蔥

5 Papaya 木瓜

6 Sweet peas (frozen) 甜豌豆（冷凍）

7 Asparagus 蘆筍

8 Honeydew melon 蜜瓜

9 Kiwi 獼猴桃

10 Cabbage 卷心菜

11 Mushrooms 蘑菇

12 Cantaloupe 哈密瓜

13 Mangoes 芒果

14 Watermelon 西瓜

15 Sweet potatoes 紅薯

Shauna Henley, PhD, family and consumer sciences senior agent at the University of Maryland Extension, tells Yahoo Life that the best way to wash produce depends on its surface. Use a produce brush on rough surfaces like melons; rub smooth surfaces like apples with your hands; and try a colander or salad spinner for leafy greens, making sure to throw away the outer leaves first. Or try a baking soda solution: A 2017 study found that soaking apples in a mixture of baking soda and water for 12 to 15 minutes removed pesticide residue.

馬里蘭大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院家庭與消費(fèi)者科學(xué)高級(jí)專(zhuān)員肖娜·亨利博士告訴雅虎網(wǎng)生活頻道說(shuō)，清洗農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的最好方式就是把表面洗干凈。像西瓜這種表皮粗糙的果蔬，你可以用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品專(zhuān)用刷子來(lái)刷洗；蘋(píng)果等外表光滑的果蔬可以用手搓洗；綠葉蔬菜可以試著用過(guò)濾盆或脫水器來(lái)清洗，洗之前一定要先把外層的葉子丟掉。你也可以試試小蘇打溶液：2017年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，將蘋(píng)果在加了小蘇打的水中浸泡12到15分鐘可以去除農(nóng)藥殘留。