04 閱讀技巧——精讀

04 閱讀技巧——精讀

精讀，也就是仔細閱讀的意思，我們要在仔細閱讀之后，細細回味，充分理解，找出文章主旨，分析句子結構，探尋作者寫作意圖，品味文章特色等。平時我們在學習英語課文時，用的都是精讀的方法，一方面分析文章中的句子結構學習語法知識，學習生詞；另一方面從文章出發(fā)體會作者的觀點、思想。

采用精讀的方法閱讀時的步驟大致是：

通讀全文，了解文章大意

通常情況下，閱讀材料的文章體裁和篇章結構都有規(guī)律可以參考。比如說，有標題的文章。通過看標題我們就可以預測文章的主題。新聞報道更是如此，標題通常是文章的中心主旨，我們可以從標題處得到啟發(fā)，比較準確地預測作者的寫作意圖。當文章沒有標題時，我們可以迅速瀏覽文章，從整體上來看文章的大概內(nèi)容，特別要注意的是文章的開頭和結尾。這樣可以方便快捷地抓住主旨。比如，記敘文和議論文可以用這種方法推測作者的寫作意圖。

閱讀下面的文章，了解其大意。

Travelling Off-Season

London in the summer, NYC at Thanksgiving, Florida during March Break—jetting off to your holiday destination when everyone else is going means guaranteed swarms of tourists, long waits and frayed tempers.Adjusting your trip even by a few weeks can halve the number of sightseers in your midst.Check with a travel agent for advice on off-peak travel to your destination of choice.Who knows, he or she might be able to save you some cash, too.

1.這篇文章主要在寫什么？

2.作者想要表達什么？

認識文中的主要單詞和句子

這是文章閱讀的第二遍，我們可以一邊閱讀一邊標記不認識的單詞、詞組或者不明白意思的句子，然后在讀完之后，把這些單詞、句子通過查字典或查資料的方式弄明白。

閱讀下面的文章，標出你不認識的單詞和句子。

Booking Tickets in Advance

Purchase tickets online before you leave home, and skip the crowds and endless lines at your destination.For fans of NYC, you can prebook passes to the Top of the Rock observation deck, NBC studio tours, the Empire State Building, the 9-11 memorial and the MOMA all from the comfort of home.Smart travelers can also avoid the queue when visiting abroad—the London Eye, Britain's Houses of Parliament, Italy's Vatican Museums, and Paris' Louvre all help you keep your cool with online ticket sales.Buy early and avoid the stress of excessive wait times.

通過字典查找以上單詞和句子的意思：

1.加粗單詞的意思。

2.斜體句子的意思。

理解全文，概括中心思想

這是文章閱讀的第三遍，通過第二遍對生詞和生句的解釋，我們再通讀全文時，對文章的整體又有了一個更加全面的認識。

在閱讀的基礎上，深層探究文章的中心思想，透過現(xiàn)象看本質，牢牢抓住作者想要表達的思想觀點，從而概括出文章的中心思想。

閱讀下面的文章，概括中心思想。

Signing Up for Special Tours

If you want to sail by the tourist mob, it's smart to purchase a cultural tour from a specialized company.Often these organizations get after-hours or behind-the-scenes access to famous places.You'll get a guided tour and beat the rush.Is it the only downside? These tours can be costly, but if large crowds routinely ruin your experience, splashing a little extra cash will save your sanity and your ribs from the overzealous pushing and shoving that crowds can create.

本文的中心思想是什么？

分析作者的寫作意圖

在理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎上，探尋作者的寫作思路，分析他的寫作意圖，反過來更加深了對原文的理解，更好地把握文章的中心思想。

閱讀下面的文章，分析作者的寫作意圖。

Visiting During the Week

Weekends are always busier at popular tourist sites because kids and parents are free from school and work commitments.For shorter lines, fewer people, and better opportunities to interact and enjoy the attraction, stop by during the week.In many cases, you'll have the place all to yourself.To take this tip one step further, and guarantee a further reduction in crowds at your museum, gallery or tourism hot spot, head there after 2pm when visiting school groups will have returned to class.School trips during the week often hit attractions in the morning, but tend to depart in the early afternoon.

作者寫作本文的目的是什么？

對文章進行評價

如果讀者朋友們在閱讀完一篇文章之后可以對它進行有效的評價，那么你的精讀水平已經(jīng)到了最高的層次。對文章的思想、內(nèi)容和寫作方法及特點進行評價，說明了我們對全篇文章的完全理解和領悟。

Sudoku Games

Our free online Sudoku puzzles are popular number-placement games that are fun for the whole family.

The objective of Sudoku online is to fill up a 9×9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3×3 sub-grids that compose the grid contains all of the digits from 1 to 9.

Upon beginning, the Sudoku puzzles will contain a partially completed grid, which typically has a unique solution.

To play Sudoku, simply type your entries in the squares.Or, click a square, hold the mouse button down and drag up or down to select a number.As you fill in the squares of the Sudoku puzzle correctly, options for the remaining squares are narrowed and it becomes easier to fill them in.You also have access to our printable Sudoku puzzles, to take the fun with you wherever you go.

Start flexing your mathematical muscles and play our free Sudoku puzzles today!

通過閱讀上文，你對文章的評價是：

1.內(nèi)容上：

2.思想上：

3.寫作方法上：

4.本文的特色：

精讀練習

運用上述方法閱讀下面的文章并回答問題：

5 Ways to Get Your Junior Couch Potato Moving

Our kids are getting too much screen time and not enough play time.Help your kids to get moving so they can become fit and stay healthy.

These days, when kids say they want to play hockey or basketball, they're more likely to be referring to video games than to a visit to the rink or court.

Canadian children spend about five to seven hours in front of a computer or TV each day, notes a 2008 report by Active Healthy Kids Canada.The Toronto-based non-profit group adds that 90% of children fail to achieve 90 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity a day, as recommended by the Public Health Agency of Canada.

It's no surprise then, says Active Healthy Kids Canada, that 26% of Canadian youth—including children as young as three—are now overweight or obese.

Here are some ideas to get your kids away from the screen, off the couch, and into some active habits.

Challenge Them

Turn activities into fun contests.Have kids (or everyone in the family) wear a pedometer to see how many steps they take daily.Children should take about 11,000-13,000 steps per day.You can come up with creative competitions around everything from jumping rope to taking laps around the block on a bike.

Eliminate Shortcuts

There are plenty of ways to incorporate fitness into routine activities.Instead of driving the kids to school, start a “walking school bus,” where children all along the route pick each other up on the way and walk to school in packs.At the mall, take the stairs instead of the escalator, or park in the farthest spot from the mall entrance.“If you celebrate the fact that you got the closest spot, you're sending a message to kids that we should do the least amount of physical activity possible,” says Elio Antunes, COO and VP, Partnerships of Toronto-based Participation Action.

Set an Example

That doesn't just mean going to the gym or playing a sport yourself, but going outside to play with your kids instead of simply ordering them out.“If parents are less active, so are the kids—you have to be a role model,” says Brittany Decker, program director of Silken's Active Kids Movement in Victoria, B.C.

Use the Buddy System

If your child is reluctant to take part in an organized activity, check what their friends are doing, and encourage your child to get involved, too.If kids go to swimming, karate or dance together, they don't feel alone, can support each other, and exert positive peer pressure to keep at it.

Offer Choice Within Structure

If you ask children if they want to go out to play or to the park, what happens if they say no? A better tactic is to make the general activity a given but leave the specifics to your kids, says Michelle Brownrigg, CEO of Active Healthy Kids Canada.She compares it to putting three vegetables on their plate for dinner; you hope they at least eat one.They can play ball at the park, play on the equipment, or invent any game they want; you don't have to forbid what they should be doing, but you do need to give them the opportunities to be active.

1.這篇文章主要在寫什么？

2.作者想要表達什么？

3.找出你不認識的單詞和句子并翻譯。

4.本文的中心思想是？

5.作者寫作本文的目的是？

6.你對本文的評價是？

答案

●通讀全文，了解文章大意

1.文章主要講在旅游旺季出行是不可取的，我們可以錯開高峰期出行，這樣也會帶來很多其它方面的好處。

2.作者想要建議大家錯開高峰期出行。

●認識文中的主要單詞和句子

1.skip 跳過；pass 通行證；queue 長隊；Vatican 羅馬教廷 Louvre 盧浮宮；excessive 過多的

2.對于紐約愛好者來說，你們可以在家里舒舒服服將巖石觀景臺、美國全國廣播公司工作室之旅、帝國大廈、9·11紀念館和紐約現(xiàn)代藝術博物館的通行證全部預訂。

●理解全文，概括中心思想

Signing up for special tours is better than travelling with the tourist mob.

●分析作者的寫作意圖

The writer intends to tell us we can avoid the school groups during weekends when you want to visit popular tourist sites.

●對文章進行評價（僅供參考）

1.內(nèi)容上：主要是在介紹網(wǎng)絡上的數(shù)獨游戲。

2.思想上：作者熱情介紹數(shù)獨游戲，非常具有號召力。

3.寫作方法上：首先提出“數(shù)獨游戲”這一主題，然后詳細介紹數(shù)獨游戲的一般知識，接著開始按步驟指導我們?nèi)绾卧诰W(wǎng)絡上玩數(shù)獨游戲。

4.本文的特色：這是一篇說明文，條理清晰，邏輯合理。

●精讀練習

1.主要是寫怎樣讓孩子遠離沙發(fā)，遠離游戲和電視。

2.作者想要表達的是：現(xiàn)在孩子們的不良習慣導致了健康問題，希望家長能夠幫助孩子們矯正不良習慣，建立良好習慣。

3.（略）

4.養(yǎng)成積極的習慣對于孩子們來說是很有必要的。

5.作者寫作本文的目的是為了讓家長注意孩子們的健康問題，并給予他們一些具有建設性的意見或建議。

6.本文作者提出的建議在社會上具有很高的現(xiàn)實意義，且作者在寫作方法上條理清晰，說服力強。