現(xiàn)代英文選評(píng)：Bookshops in Paris 巴黎的書店

Bookshops in Paris 巴黎的書店

Aldous Huxley (1894—1963)

本文作者阿爾德斯·赫胥黎為英國維多利亞朝思想家赫胥黎（T. H. Huxley）之孫，家學(xué)淵源，才氣縱橫，為本世紀(jì)文壇一大怪杰。論學(xué)問之淵博，文思之敏捷，當(dāng)世恐罕有其匹。識(shí)者論其為才華有余，深沉不足，晚年潛心宗教，作風(fēng)亦漸從絢爛歸于平淡。著作極多：長篇小說有Point Counter Point, Brave New World等十一種；大半短篇小說已集于Collected Short Stories（1957）；Collected Essays（1959）則為其散文選集。

本文選自1953年12月份美國Esquire雜志，原題“The Fresh of Paris”，所談皆有關(guān)法國歷史文化，讀來似親聆一文壇前輩之閑話家常也。此處所錄數(shù)段，似可獨(dú)立成一小品文字。

As a child, as a schoolboy, I knew only the physical appearance of Paris and the Parisians. But as my knowledge of French increased, I became aware of other, less obvious aspects of the city. By the time I was eighteen I had developed a passion for French literature. But literature implies books and books imply bookshops, and there are more bookshops to the square mile in Paris than in any other city with which I am acquainted.

● physical appearance：物質(zhì)方面的外表，指街道房屋等。Parisians：巴黎人。

● aware of：從耳目方面覺察而知。obvious：明顯。aspects：方面。我的法文程度漸漸進(jìn)步，我覺察出來巴黎城還有比較少受人注意的別的種種方面。

● passion：強(qiáng)烈愛好。

● implies：關(guān)聯(lián)。文學(xué)一定牽連到書本，說到文學(xué)，便不得不說到書本。to the square mile in Paris：巴黎每平方里上面書店之多，勝過我所見識(shí)過的任何城市。注意介詞to的用法。

These bookshops! What an immense profusion! What a blessed cheapness! In those days there were reprints of practically everything at ninety-five centimes. And the latest novel or volume of essays cost only three francs fifty. Except for collectors' items, the price of secondhand books was no less reasonable. In their brown calfskin, if they were of the seventeenth or eighteenth century, in paper or in mottled boards, if they had been published after 1820, they stood there in the deliciously smelly twilight, shelf above shelf, from floor to ceiling. Those dim caverns of forgotten literature, of dead philosophy and superannuated science, were earthly paradises. And when their darkness became a little oppressive, there were the open-air markets on the Quais. Half a mile of books and old engravings, with the river immediately behind and below them, and the Louvre rising majestically in the background.

● 第一段文字甚簡(jiǎn)單，本段則于選字造句，多用功夫。

● 一起頭連用三個(gè)驚嘆句：第一句呼應(yīng)上段，引起“書店”正文。第二句道書店之多，英文關(guān)于“多”這一個(gè)概念，可用之字甚多，作者拈出profusion一字，則表示“觸目皆是，多不勝收”，再加上形容詞immense，則多之極矣。第三句說書店售價(jià)之低廉，用一形容詞blessed，則有“為寒士造福”之意。

● reprints of practically everything：幾乎什么樣的書都有翻印本。reprint常指已喪失版權(quán)或得原版權(quán)持有人同意后復(fù)印之書。centime和franc（法郎）皆法國貨幣，I franc=100 centimes。

● collectors' items：藏書家的（珍）品。secondhand books：舊書，（轉(zhuǎn)讓的書）；它們的價(jià)錢和新書（包括reprints和latest novel等），一樣地“合理”（reasonable）。

● 講起舊書，作者的興致又提起來了。文章至此，辭藻轉(zhuǎn)趨華麗，作者要把巴黎淘舊書的樂趣，形諸筆墨，非盡力描寫，恐不足道出當(dāng)年情景也。

● 他舉了兩種舊書，一種是出版于十七八世紀(jì)，書皮用棕色犢皮（calfskin）；另一種于1820年以后出版，書皮用軟紙，或用有斑紋圖案的硬紙（mottled board）。作者所以只描寫書皮而不及內(nèi)容者，因?yàn)樘耘f書的人第一眼所注意的應(yīng)該只是書的外表。

● 書架上一層一層（shelf）地站滿了舊書，下起地板，上迄天花板。書店內(nèi)部情形怎么樣呢？作者只用三個(gè)字來描寫：deliciously smelly twilight。幽暗之中，有異香焉。此處筆墨所以能如此經(jīng)濟(jì)，全仗用了twilight（朦朧）這樣一個(gè)名詞；只說“幽暗”，而不說“幽暗的地方”，這是文章功力所在，善文者當(dāng)能深體此意。smelly應(yīng)該是“臭”，（《綜合英漢大辭典》即直稱之為“臭”），至少是有怪味，然而前面加了個(gè)副詞deliciously，只好說是“異香神怡”了。

● 次句用兩個(gè)字dim cavern（幽暗的洞穴），又是說書店里的光線不佳。那樣的環(huán)境里藏著文學(xué)、哲學(xué)、科學(xué)三科的舊書；作者用了三個(gè)形容詞forgotten, dead, superannuated（逾齡的，老朽的），三字除末字稍僻外，首兩字均普通，意義均相仿，然在此處用來，似乎個(gè)個(gè)皆見功夫。被人遺忘了的文學(xué)書，喪失了生命的哲學(xué)書，老朽無用的科學(xué)書。讀者細(xì)心體會(huì)，當(dāng)可覺得作者選用這三個(gè)字的苦心也。earthly paradise：人間天堂。

● their darkness之their指caverns。oppressive：悶人，使人覺得氣悶。open-air：露天的。Quai（法文）：碼頭，指巴黎塞納（Seine）河畔的碼頭。

● engravings：版畫（石印、木刻等）。Louvre：盧浮宮，巴黎著名博物院。majestically：巍然。河畔書攤林立，舊書古書，連綿不絕，長達(dá)半里；塞納河即緊靠其后，自下流過；稍遠(yuǎn)而雄峙于后方者，則Louvre博物院是也。形容博物院的形勢(shì)，不說standing，而說rising，文章即更見活潑，本來死的靜的東西，被作者說成活的動(dòng)的了。

Then came the Deluge. When the tide of blood had withdrawn, when, in 1919, it became possible once more to travel on the Continent, the franc was a thing of paper, worth only a fifth of its gold-based predecessor. But the bookstalls along the river, the secondhand shops around Saint-Sulpice, the huge emporium under the arcades of the Odeon, the specialists in erudition of the Boulevard Saint-Michel—they were all there, as though nothing had happened.

● Deluge：洪水；尤指《舊約·創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》所記之洪水。相傳法王路易十五曾有言曰：“朕死之后，洪水任其泛濫可也?！保ˋfter me, the deluge!）后法國大革命果于路易十六王朝發(fā)生。此處恐指第一次歐戰(zhàn)而言，觀第二句自明。

● the tide of blood had withdrawn：血潮退盡。按：第一次歐戰(zhàn)于1918年結(jié)束，1919年召開巴黎和會(huì)。

● a fifth：五分之一。predecessor：前身，戰(zhàn)前的法郎。gold-based：黃金本位的。

● bookstalls：書攤。Saint-Sulpice：教堂名。emporium：市場(chǎng)。arcades：環(huán)廊。Odeon：巴黎有名之劇院。specialists：專家。erudition：學(xué)問，尤指博聞強(qiáng)記的學(xué)問。那些書店掌柜學(xué)識(shí)都很淵博。Boulevard Saint-Michel：路名，為巴黎不甚高貴的繁華區(qū)域。塞納河畔，Saint-Sulpice教堂的四周，Odeon劇院廊下的市場(chǎng)，Saint-Michel大道，都是巴黎書店書攤薈萃之區(qū)，猶如談起北平的舊書來，不得不提廠甸、東安市場(chǎng)、隆福寺等地也。

● as though nothing had happened：好像沒有打過仗，法郎也沒有貶值一般。

Meanwhile, though the economic handicaps are daily increasing, a torrent of new volumes continues to pour from the presses of France. The bookshops are still in business, not merely in Paris, but throughout the provinces. Traveling through the United States, I have found myself in cities of fifty thousand inhabitants, where it was impossible to buy a book. In France you can buy Gide at most railway stations and Valéry practically everywhere.

● economic handicaps：經(jīng)濟(jì)上的阻礙，書的成本貴了，買書的人經(jīng)濟(jì)力量差了。torrent：洶涌激流。presses：印刷機(jī)。此字也可轉(zhuǎn)作印刷廠解，但這里如作印刷機(jī)解，似乎更生動(dòng)，更可傳神。經(jīng)濟(jì)困難雖與日俱增，但新書還是源源不斷地出版。

● still in business：照常營業(yè)。provinces：巴黎以外的各外省。

● inhabitants：居民（人口數(shù)）。

● Gide即André Gide（1869—1951）：普通譯作紀(jì)德，法國小說家、批評(píng)家。Valéry即Paul Ambroise Valéry（1871—1945），普通譯作梵樂希，法國詩人、哲學(xué)家。英文慣例，作家之名即可代表其著作，故不必說“you can buy Gide's works”。紀(jì)德和梵樂希都是所謂高級(jí)趣味（highbrow）的作家，而其作品在法國幾乎可以到處購得，足見法國文風(fēng)之盛，迄未稍衰焉。