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現(xiàn)代英文選評:A Writer's Life 作家甘苦

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2020年08月01日

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A Writer's Life 作家甘苦

Catherine Drinker Bowen (1897—1973)

本文作者波文為美國著名傳記作家,所著以Yankee from Olympus, A Biography of Oliver Wendell Holmes最為世所傳誦。本文原題“Discipline and Reward: A Writer's Life”,刊于1957年《大西洋月刊》12月號。文中所述作家生活之甘苦,凡曾經(jīng)用心寫過文章的人,想必都有同感。本文風格近乎美國口語,很少經(jīng)營刻劃的痕跡。

In 1920, I sold my first piece to a magazine. I have been writing fairly steadily ever since. And fairly steadily I have been asked the same questions:

Do you write at regular intervals, or do you wait for inspiration?

How do you manage with children, husband, household, and find time to write?

● piece:一篇文章。sold:投稿錄取。

● fairly:相當;steadily:不停地,不懈地。第二句的動詞時態(tài)have been writing表示寫作已有數(shù)十年歷史,現(xiàn)在還是在寫;這可以說是完成進行式的典型的例子。

● 第三句把第二句的兩個副詞重復地用。所不同者:第二句中,副詞放在動詞之后;第三句中,副詞放在主語之前。這樣用法使前后兩句連接得很穩(wěn)。

● at regular intervals:經(jīng)常的間隔(如一天工作幾小時,一星期工作幾天等)。這句用現(xiàn)在式,表示習慣如此。

● manage在這里是不及物動詞,《簡明牛津字典》解作:succeed in one's aims(實現(xiàn)你寫作的愿望,同時還得對付[manage with]家務(wù))。

Now, in answering these questions I shall go beyond them to talk about discipline, about the rewards and sacrifices of a writer's life. I shall speak out of my own experience, though I have no way of knowing if my experience will prove of value to anyone besides myself.

● go beyond them:超過這兩個問題的范圍。go這個字應(yīng)用很廣,在這個場合,中國學生大致想不到用go字的。discipline:紀律,自律(想做的事不許做,不愿做的事偏該做)。

● rewards and sacrifices:報酬與犧牲,甘苦。about重復地用,也是使語氣通暢的一法。about后面,如有三個賓語,讀起來難免氣急辭促之弊,這里about discipline兩個字自成一段落,讀文至此換一口氣,換氣之后再讀about the…,豈不是語氣就通暢了嗎?

● out of my own experience:從我自己的經(jīng)驗里面。no way of knowing:無法知道。if=whether。of value:有價值。

That is the risk I take: the risk of boring my audience, the risk of ridicule from overexposure of the person. This is the risk we all take when we walk on stage, or send our painting to be exhibited, our manuscript to a publisher: the risk of public exposure. It is no small thing, the incurrence of this risk, and it runs from beginning to end of a writer's life. After thirty-five years of writing for publication, I suffer from it more than I did in the beginning. As one gains in reputation, the risk becomes somehow larger, or one thinks it does. Consciousness of it generally strikes in the night when one wakes. Actual physical sweating takes place, loud moans are rendered, and the question is put, "Why in God's name did one undertake such a venture, such a presumptuous, enormous, unlikely book? Why can't one be content to live an anonymous, respectable life?"

● take the risk:冒險(I take是定語從句)。risk重復地用,也是使語氣通暢之一法。本文原為一篇演講稿,起稿時當把聽眾存在心頭。risk重復地用,節(jié)奏分明,容易喚起讀者的注意。

● 第一句說的是:我自己的經(jīng)驗,別人也許聽了不感興趣,我就冒了一個使聽眾生厭(boring)之險;我把自己的私人生活(或意見)過分在人前暴露(overexposure),也就冒了一個惹人嘲笑(ridicule:這里是名詞)之險。

● 第二句把第一句的意思作更進一層的發(fā)揮。不但是我討論自己的寫作經(jīng)驗,是冒了“拋頭露面”(public exposure)之險,其他一切藝術(shù)活動如登臺演戲、圖畫展覽、投稿賣文又何獨不然?

● incurrence的動詞形式是incur:招惹。這一句用了一個expletive "it"做主語,it就是下面的incurrence。所以如此說法,也是為了要語氣通暢平易近人之故。如易成The incurrence of this risk is no small thing,讀起來就較為莊重;而且開頭用了incurrcnce這種書卷氣的字,后面no small thing這樣平凡的字跟上去就有點不配了。照現(xiàn)在這樣用法,主語是It,incurrence云云只是陪襯,讀起來比較輕松。

● runs:請參考前面我所說關(guān)于go字的一點意見。人一做作家,就有這種危險,到停止創(chuàng)作擱筆不寫時為止。

● writing for publication:寫文章不是為了自己怡情悅性之用,而是為了發(fā)表。more than I did:初發(fā)表文章時,固然怕出丑露乖,現(xiàn)在比過去更怕了。

● gains in reputation:聲名日盛。這句主語改用one(不用I),表示是一般情形。one thinks it does=one thinks the risk becomes larger。名作家出丑的危險不一定更大,但他自以為危險很大。盛名之累,不得不更兢業(yè)從事。

● Consciousness:覺得(自己在冒出丑之險)。strikes:這個字可以易以別個動詞(如happens),但是strikes較有力量。充分表示:作者想到自己萬一寫糟了那時的惶恐情形。in the night when one wakes:午夜夢回之時。

● sweating:出汗。嚇得一身冷汗不是過甚其辭的說法,是實實在在身體上出汗。takes place:發(fā)生。中國人說英文,很難做出sweating takes place這樣的句子,我們很可能說one sweats這樣的話。把動詞sweat,化成動名詞sweating,然后再找一個動詞來配合成一個句子——這一點是和中國人思想習慣不合的。

● rendered:發(fā)出。the question is put:自己問自己。in God's name:只是為加重語氣之用。venture:帶點冒險性的嘗試,成敗難測的事情。presumptuous:自以為了不起的。unlikely:不可能寫得好的。

● anonymous:沒沒無聞的。respectable:令人尊敬的。這個字本來的含意是好的,但是現(xiàn)代英文中,這個字含有一點不好的意思:指的是不求真正的善,只是表面上的規(guī)規(guī)矩矩,奉公守法。

Well, I can't. And neither can anyone who intends to write. Perhaps this fear of the public is healthy. I think I like writers to be afraid. They can show their fear by a noble defiance in their work or by a beguiling charm and grace in seeking to win their public. At least fearful ones are not writing for themselves alone. They are seeking to communicate, and their fear is their proof of it.

● can't:不能安分守己沒沒無聞地做人。neither can:重復can't。

● fear of the public:怕群眾的指責。healthy:健康的;這種心理是有益的。

● I like writers to be afraid:我喜歡作家有這種“畏人言”的心理。

● noble defiance:昂然不顧的態(tài)度。故意標新立異,不投阿時好——抱這種態(tài)度的人,心里面明明有一個對象在。beguiling:討人喜歡的。

● At least補充前面的healthy一字:至少這一點是有益的。fearful ones:心存恐懼的作家們。

● communicate:表達,有話說給人聽。proof:證明作家不是在“自說自話”,寫作確是有對象的。

Nevertheless this fear is something to wrestle with, especially in the beginning, at the outset of a career. Women writers are notably tender in this regard, possibly because women are trained, from the cradle, to please. It is the quite practical business of women to please. One way or another, most of us women get our living by it.

● to wrestle with:與之搏斗,力求解決。at the outset:意即in the beginning。

● tender:敏感。notably:可以叫人特別注意地。in this regard:在這一點上。

● from the cradle:從搖籃時開始。to please:此處用作不及物動詞。婦女有討人喜歡的習慣;女作家的文章也特別地要使讀者讀來感到舒服。

● one way or another:方法不一。by it:使別人喜歡。

Oh no, Mrs. Bowen, young women writers say to me. "Oh no! I mustn't write that scene. I couldn't put it on paper as I have just told it to you. I can't describe that child, that man, that mother, in such terms!"

The writer, I maintain, cannot afford such reservations. He must find a technique that will let him describe anybody, anything, any situation—a technique that will permit him to use all his experience of living, tragic, comic, embarrassing, cruel, beautiful.

● young women writers:年輕的女作家。

● scene:場景。劇本里的一個小段落稱為場景(大段落是幕:act),通常借用作文章里寫得生動的一節(jié);有景物,有人物,有動作,有對白;其有聲有色猶如舞臺上的一個“場景”。

● couldn't:此字含有輕微的假定語氣——即使我要寫,我也不能這樣寫。平常說話中,I couldn't是常聽得到的。指的是這件事我非但不能做,而且也不“會”去做的。I can't則單指:我沒有這種能力。

● told:青年作家同前輩作家在討論寫作的問題。談話的前一段是給作者省略了。我們可以想象:青年作家嘴里在講一段事情給前輩作家聽,但覺得有些顧忌,不能把它寫下來,前輩作家則勸她寫下來。

● in such terms:用這種話。

● maintain:主張。reservations:保留。我說“我什么都會”,這句話就是“沒有保留”;我承認我有些事情能做,有些事情不能做,這就是“保留”。

● can afford:能夠負擔,而不致吃虧。cannot afford such reservations:作家假如有這種保留,他就不成其為作家了。

● technique:技巧。這字重復地用,充分表示寫作技巧的重要。在表達一方面,作家應(yīng)該能夠描寫任何人物、任何事物、任何情境;在做人一方面,作家有了某種技巧,才能利用他所有的人生經(jīng)驗:悲劇的,喜劇的,令人窘迫的,殘酷的,或是美麗的。

Few writers are born with this technique. They must search until they find it. The search, if it teaches nothing else, in the end will teach them to know themselves. Actually it is a little difficult to separate the techniques of writing from the techniques of living—which is another way of saying the style is the man. I have no patience with that view of writing—a quite prevalent view—which looks on style as a trick and on the great techniques of writing as a bag of tricks. I have heard people say to a writer, "Ah, but you could describe that man! I envy you. You could tell that incident as it really happened. You have the gift of words."

● 這種技巧,不是生而致之,而是學而致之。Few:可以說是“絕無僅有”。

● search:尋覓(即學習)。find:尋得。search先用作動詞,后用作名詞。作家努力學習寫作技巧,這種努力可使他很得益;別種得益且不必說(if it teaches nothing else),作家至少因此可以了解自己。寫作技巧和做人有什么關(guān)系呢?這就是本文所要闡明的。

● the style is the man:文如其人,這是法國批評家Buffon(1707—1788)的名言。本文作者說:作文技巧和生活技巧頗難分隔(二者頗有牽連),這就是Buffon名言的另一種說法了。

● have no patience with:不能忍受,聽不入耳。prevalent:流行很廣的。style:文章風格。trick:小手法,雕蟲小技。bag of tricks:一大堆小玩意兒。

● you字兩次重讀,表示一般人對于作家描寫能力的羨慕。

● describe that man:作家所寫書中的某一個人物。that incident:書中某一件事。

● gift:天賦能力。

These people seldom tell a writer, "You have this gift of perception, this passionate concern with life and living, that enables you, or compels you, to watch and learn."

● 一般人只知道欣賞作家的天才,誰能了解作家的苦心孤詣呢?因此他們不會說出正確的贊美的話。

● 正確的贊美的話該怎么說呢?我們得承認作家有洞燭事物的能力(gift of perception),作家對于生活中的萬事萬物有強烈的關(guān)切(passionate concern),這種能力或關(guān)切使得作家觀察人生,向人生學習。

● 說“使得”恐怕還太輕,我們應(yīng)該說“迫得”(compels)。作家所以肯細心觀察學習,實在受本性所驅(qū)使,不得不然。

● life and living:life是大事情,living是小事情。人的生命全部是life。他要做人(to live)就得做很多事情(如吃飯、穿衣、賺錢),這些事情就是living。

Writing, I think, is not apart from living. Writing is a kind of double living. The writer experiences everything twice. Once in reality and once in that mirror which waits always before or behind him.

● 寫作與生活不可分。double living:雙重生活。作家和普通人不一樣;普通人只生活一次,作家要生活兩次。一次是真實的生活;一次是拿生活作為材料,從事回憶、考驗、分析、綜合、研究和寫作。

● 作家的身前或身后,總有一面鏡子在侍候著他。他在這面鏡子里,把自己的生活再過一次。例如逃難:普通人逃難逃過就算了,作家要拿逃難的經(jīng)驗,仔細地思索,作為他寫作的材料,充實他寫作的(同時也是生命的)內(nèi)容。

I maintain that this double living, these hours and scenes twice experienced, make up the inevitable sign of the natural-born writer. There is a compulsion to relive everything, repeat conversation to oneself, mimic a speaker's accent, tone of voice, gesture, as carefully as if one were rehearsing to do it before an audience. It is an odd practice and serves no immediate purpose, certainly. I sometimes think it derives from sheer love of life, or infatuation with life, even the parts of life that we hate and fear. The practice takes its toll, also, in fatigue, a peculiar exhaustion. A double life is a double burden.

● these hours and scenes twice experienced與this double living是同位語:人生中有些時刻,有些景象,人是要經(jīng)驗兩次的(經(jīng)驗一次之后,還要加以玩味)。

● make up:造成(部分造成整體)。動詞用復數(shù)形式,值得注意。很明顯的,make是跟靠近的hours and scenes,而不是跟較遠的living的。inevitable:不可避免的,非有不可的。sign:表記,特征。natural-born writer:有寫作天才的人。

● a compulsion to relive everything:把任何東西生活兩次的沖動。repeat是和relive平行的,前面的to省掉了。mimic(模仿)也是和它平行的。

● 把聽來的談話,在心里(然后在筆底下)重演一次;某一個人說話時候的(原文作:一個說話人的)特殊的腔調(diào)、聲調(diào)、姿勢,私下細心模仿,好像練好了(rehearsing:正式公演前的預演)要演給人(audience)看似的。

● 如此做法(practice)無疑是很奇怪(odd)的,而且沒有直接(immediate)的好處。

● it derives from:如此做法的來源是,對于人生純粹(sheer)的愛,或者說是,對于人生的著迷。

● 前面說過,人生的經(jīng)驗有tragic,comic……等多種。天生的作家愛人生,迷戀人生,不單是人生中的可喜可愛的部分而已,人生中有令人憎恨害怕的部分,作家們對此也依戀不舍。(如前舉的逃難的例子;又如小時候給老師打手心。)

● also:非但沒有用處(serves no purpose),而且有害處。

● takes its toll:叫人付出代價。這種代價是疲乏,一種特殊的心力交瘁(exhaustion)之感。人生本是負擔,雙重生活豈不是雙重負擔嗎?

● 前面都用double living講的是作家的“生活方式”,是動的。這里用double life是概括地講一種生活,是靜的(把流動的生命當作一個整體看),因此可以壓在人的身上。

However, I happen to think a writer's life is the most privileged there is in our society. It is a life exciting, varied. If success comes, it is a life that lends itself to expansion both materially and spiritually. Expansion, surely, is what counts. Expansion is the prize of life. And, as with all of the best things in this world, the writer pays for that prize every inch of the way. Let us say he pays by the establishment and acceptance of certain disciplines, more rigorous than the disciplines that other people follow. I will try to destribe them.

● 作家的憂患歡樂,都比人多一倍。作家的精力支出,也比別人多。做作家該是苦事了??墒俏仪∏桑╤appen to think)有一種想法:作家的生活是現(xiàn)社會所有的各種生活之中,最為幸運的(privileged:享有特權(quán)的)。there is前面省了個關(guān)系代名詞that。

● exciting:令人興奮的。varied:多變化的,多彩多姿的。這兩個形容詞放在名詞后面,重心就落在這兩個形容詞上,句子讀起來有勁。如把形容詞放在名詞前面,這一句讀起來便松。而且主語It就是a writer's life,這個字和表語a life,靠得很近,連接得很牢,好像成了That life is a life一般,這樣句法自然緊湊。如在a與life之間,放了兩個形容詞,句子就松了。

● If success comes:一旦寫作成功。

● it is a life再出現(xiàn)一次,不過這里life后面跟的是定語從句。lends itself to:把自己出讓,把自己交托給,使自己能夠適合于擴張。both materially and spiritually:物質(zhì)精神雙方。

● what counts(表語從句):人生有價值的東西。count(不及物動詞):有價值,或能發(fā)生作用。

● prize:獎品。(生命的)擴張是寶貴的。何謂生命的擴張,作者這里似乎交待得不夠清楚。但是讀者不妨想象一個成功的作家過的是什么樣的生活。

● as with all:就跟世界上一切(最好東西)一樣,沒有不勞而獲的。pays for:得到這個獎品是付了代價的。every inch of the way:這五個字是adverbial phrase(前面無需介詞,和every morning之為adverbial phrase一樣)。賽跑得獎,每一英寸都是用力跑出來的。

● pays兩次都是不及物動詞:付代價。作家的生活,最后假如能夠得到什么“擴張”的酬報,作家需付出的代價是:建立并接受某種紀律,這種紀律比別種人(并非作家)所守(follow)的紀律,更要嚴格。

● 作家要服從什么嚴格的紀律呢?且聽我一一道來。

There is a channel down which your work pours. That channel must be kept clear, free-running. At all costs it must be so kept. Pain does not clog it, nor misfortune.

● channel:水流之道。pours:如水一般地傾瀉而下。本文作者并不主張文章應(yīng)該“不加點竄,一氣呵成”。一本大書,可能經(jīng)年累月,始能竣工??墒窃谶@許多年月之中,作家不可讓雜務(wù)分心;宜專心一致,把全副精神放到寫作里去。如此文思暢達,文章亦如長江大河,滔滔不絕,往前直流。

● clear:沒有阻礙。不要讓石塊污泥來阻礙水的行進。

● At all costs:不惜任何代價。so即是clear, free-running。

● Pain:人生的病痛;甚至是因?qū)懽饔媚X過度而產(chǎn)生的病痛。clog:阻塞。人生有病痛,有不幸之事,但是作家能忍受,決不讓這些事阻斷他寫作。孟子曰:“原泉混混,不舍晝夜,盈科而后進,放乎四海。”這句話送給作家也是合適的。

What clogs the channel is laziness, inattention, timidity, the propensity to lie to oneself, to avoid looking straight at a situation—perhaps at the situation of your own work, the story or chapter you have just finished or thought you had finished. The most scrupulous honesty is necessary, in a writer. To know what one is doing, to ask oneself from time to time, Why am I writing this book? Whom am I trying to reach with my messsage, and have I message? (You have, or you shouldn't be writing.) By a message I do not mean a moral. I mean a central idea which caused you to write your piece in the first place. Or your story, or your book, or any particular chapter in your book.

● 寫作的阻礙是:一、懶惰;二、注意力不夠,不用心;三、膽怯(難寫的怕寫,不合一般趣味的不敢寫);四、……。

● propensity:傾向。to lie:說謊。作家對自己說謊,那么不真實的描寫,不是由衷而發(fā)的意見都可以隨隨便便寫出來了。

● looking straight at a situation:正視某一情境?!罢暋本褪前岩粋€情境仔細研究過,仔細想過,不歪曲,不掩飾,不畏懼,不加以美化。

● 有些情境是你還沒有寫的,有些情境是你已經(jīng)寫過的。假如你草草了事,就算寫好,那么你寫作之“流”,就算給阻塞住了。

● story:單獨的一篇故事。chapter:書里的一章。thought:你自以為已經(jīng)寫好(但事實上可以修改之處很多)。

● scrupulous:多所顧忌,小心翼翼。honesty:隨時責問自己,我有沒有據(jù)實寫下?我有沒有敷衍塞責?假如能夠“不自欺”,就是“誠實”。

● To know:此系不完全句子。To know與to ask恐系說明honesty者。

● reach:送達;說給誰聽?message:使命,道理。

● 括弧里面的話,是作者代你答復。你自己問自己:我有沒有什么要緊的話要對人說呢?代答:有的;否則你也不會寫作了。be writing:問話的時候,你“正”在寫作,故用進行式。

● By A I mean B:我所說的A,意思就是B。這種句法,是常常可以看見的。這里message一字,意義欠明。作者作進一步的說明。她說她用這個字,并不是指的moral。moral在這里是名詞,解作“寓意,教訓”。《伊索寓言》于每則故事終了,必列一行moral,說明本故事用意是勸人如何如何。近代人的寫作,不可能有如此淺顯之寓意,所以這里的message并不是指moral。

● 可是你在寫作之初,必有一中心思想;你一開頭(in the first place)所以要寫這篇東西(piece)(或某篇故事,或某一本書,或書里的某一章),就是受這個中心思想的驅(qū)使的。

I am trying to say that your central idea need not be noble. It can be frivolous or shabby. But it must be looked at honestly by the writer. There can be no cessation, during composition, of this honesty of purpose. No cessation of caring. No slacking of this high wire on which you have elected to dance. No turning to easier, less hazardous matters.

● 話愈說愈多了,我所想要說明的,就是你的中心思想不一定是要高貴的(不一定要冠冕堂皇)。

● frivolous:沒有什么了不起的(并不高明偉大)。shabby:陳舊的,(并無新意)??墒亲骷乙欢ㄒ\實地正視這個思想。

● during composition:在寫作的過程中。no cessation of this honesty of purpose:一心一意地把握住你的宗旨。cessation:停止。后面跟著No開頭的三句,都是不完全的句子,句首There can be都省掉了。作者喜用不完全句子,大約是模仿口語之故。四句平行式的句子,也可以使語氣通順。

● caring:用心。

● slacking:放松。high wire:高架鋼絲。elected:挑選。你既然選中了要在鋼絲上跳舞,那么鋼絲不可放松。寫作之難,可以和走鋼絲相比。因為鋼絲既不可松,腳步尤其錯亂不得也。

● turning to:改寫。less hazardous:危險性較少的東西。文章往往寫到中途寫不下去了,那時一定要“不背初衷”,堅持寫下去,不可馬虎了事。至于寫作之所以有危險性者,大約是因為有些東西很難寫,不用心寫就有“寫壞”的危險。

The writer is in the position of a person who has accepted a grave responsibility, a task that is within his powers—his best powers—and which he has dedicated himself to accomplish. It means that the writer must live, during working hours, at the peak of his capacity. If one's best hours, best productive hours, are, say, four out of the twenty-four, it means that the other twenty hours must be ordered to this effect.

● in the position of a person:作家所處的立場是同于這一種人的。他好像是擔任下來一項重大的責任(簡直可以和負守土衛(wèi)民之責的軍人相比;本文用discipline處很多,本來軍人才有紀律,文人談什么紀律呢?),他的任務(wù)按照他的能力是可以完成的(within),但是他得把全身本事(his best powers)都拿出來。

● dedicated himself:奉獻自己;獻身。accomplish:完成。

● during working hours:在寫作的時候。live…at the peak of his capacity:(緊張地)生活,把自己的能力發(fā)揮到最高點。

● best productive hours:文思最靈敏,寫作效率最高的時候。一天有二十四小時,但是真能用以寫作的時間只有四小時(say:不妨如此假定)。另外二十小時,就要好好安排(ordered),使得這四個小時可以發(fā)揮作用(如何安排,下文要說明)。

Such a discipline can be extremely irksome over a long period of time, the more so as it is self-imposed and can be so readily broken. Irksome is too weak a word, if the job is a long one—say, five or six years. Painful describes this discipline more exactly. Anxiety goes along with it, anxiety lest you break rhythm and the momentum be lost.

● irksome:令人心煩的,傷腦筋的。the more so as…:因為如何如何,所以更是如此(令人心煩)。(這一種句法是很常用的。)

● self-imposed:這種紀律是自己約束自己的,隨時(so readily:多么容易地)可以破壞。自找麻煩,所以更為難受。

● 一本書有時要五六年才寫得完,那時的苦不是irksome所能表示,只好說是painful了。痛苦之外,更有anxiety(憂慮;原文作:憂慮跟著這種紀律一起來的)。

● rhythm:節(jié)奏。每天寫三五百字,成了習慣,生活好像有了“拍子”。幾天不寫,拍子就斷掉了。momentum:(物理學中的)動量;沖勁,勢頭。寫文章有一股勁,隔了一個時候不寫,這股勁就沒有了。作家一面以紀律約束自己,一面又擔心文章脫了節(jié),泄了氣。

● lest是連詞:唯恐;所怕的是。break和be,都是虛擬式。你所擔憂的事尚未發(fā)生,而且不一定發(fā)生,所以要用虛擬式。普通語法書里規(guī)定:lest后面要用should(即should break),這里沒有用。不用should,單用虛擬式動詞也可以。

If you are a morning worker, with your best hours from, say, nine to one, your afternoons will have to be devoted to outdoor exercises, neglected housework if you are a wife, the tender loving care and feeding of family or whatever is necessary to make daily life go on, clearing the decks for tomorrow morning and keeping you in top health besides.

● morning worker:早晨工作的人。前面說過best productive hours。有些人適宜于早晨工作,有些人適宜于晚上工作,今以早晨工作的人為例。

● will have to be:這里的will不含“將來”的意思。在“條件句子”里,前面“if”clause假如用現(xiàn)在式,后面的主句通常用將來式。這是習慣用法如此,那個將來式僅是表示“猜測”,并不表示“將來”。have to be:不得不。devoted to:奉獻給。下面跟五樣東西。

1. outdoor exercises:戶外運動。作家為保持身心康健計,也該鍛煉身體。

2. 受到忽略了的家務(wù)(假如你是個主婦)。

3. 照顧子女等等。

4. 這是個暗喻:“清除甲板”是海軍作戰(zhàn)前的準備。作家為明天早晨的工作,此時亦可稍事準備,如買稿紙、墨水,整理書桌等。

5. 保持自己的康?。ㄋ瘋€午睡亦自不妨)。top是形容詞:上好的;“巔峰狀態(tài)”。

When five P. M. comes, if you are a biographer or historian you will have to stop what you are doing with fly screens or hemlines and begin reading for tomorrow's writing or for next week's or next month's writing, depending upon how you plan your research for a long book. With a pencil in hand, making notes or marking passages, you will read on and off until ten o'clock, when you go to bed. I myself usually climb in bed with my notes in hand for tomorrow's start, read them over casually, trying not to think, and turn out the light. I am a firm believer in the action of the subconscious during sleep. At supper or dinner that evening, you have not overeaten because it would disturb your sleep, and you know from experience that eight hours of sleep are necessary to put you through a morning's work, though you know also, from experience, that you can afford to miss one night's sleep occasionally. But not two nights, unless you are prepared to sacrifice your work on the third morning.

● 本段第一句的will,意義同上段。fly screens:防蒼蠅的紗窗。hemlines:衣服的鑲邊。下午你本來在裝紗窗,或者做各種家庭雜務(wù)。到五點鐘,你應(yīng)該開始讀書。(假如你所寫的是傳記或歷史;其實寫小說的人,暇時也該拿名著小說一讀,讀寫并進,是有助于靈感的啟發(fā)的。)

● depending upon:你所準備的是明天的,或是下星期的,或是下個月的寫作,究竟是明天的還是下個月的,就看(“倚靠”)你寫這部長書的時候,如何計劃你的研究工作了。

● marking passages:在書中某幾段文章上做記號。read on and off:斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地讀。when you go to bed:“那個時候”,你上床睡覺了。這種補充用的定語從句(non-restrictive clause),中國學生不大會用。文章如求松散自然,這一種的用法是值得模仿的。

● climb in bed:前面剛說go to bed,這里不好再說go to bed了。又,go to bed并不含有多少“動作”的意義,climb in bed才是真正的動作。casually:隨隨便便地。turn out the light:關(guān)掉電燈。

● the action of the subconscious:潛意識的作用。上床前不用腦筋思想,因為睡熟以后,潛意識也會替你“思想”。“靈感”之來,人莫能測。但是神經(jīng)如果放松,優(yōu)游自得,靈感可能不召自來。

● disturb your sleep:晚飯多吃,有妨睡眠。睡眠不好,第二天寫文章就沒有精神。

● miss one night's sleep:偶然一晚上失眠,也無大害。

● But not two nights:這是不完全句子。全文是:You cannot afford missing two nights' sleep.

Long ago, when I was in my twenties, I came across an awe-inspiring saying, in French: "If you abandon art for one day, she will abandon you for three."

● In my twenties:我二十幾歲的時候。came across:遇見;讀到(這么一句使人肅然起敬的話,原文是法文)。

● 這句話是:你假如把藝術(shù)擱置一天,她就會把你丟棄三天。意思同中文格言“一曝十寒”,“拳不離手,曲不離口”相仿。

● art這里是“人格化”了,故代名詞用she。通常英文里是用it來代替art的。

It is true. It is all too lamentably true. Even with Friday's notes sitting on your table staring you in the face—a map to guide you into Saturday's territory—even then, if you skip Saturday's work, on Sunday those selfsame notes will likely have gone dead. They will sit there, avoiding your eye. No message comes up; they are cold script. If Saturday's interruption has been forced from outside, something I could not help, like going to the oculist, I work every bit as well next day. Probably because I have sat in the oculist's office raging and impatient, with my chapter never out of mind. On the other hand if I succumb to invitation and go out to lunch, an interesting lunch on a working day, I am ruined. Or even an interesting dinner, which should not, practically speaking, interfere with morning working hours at all! But a dinner party means what shall one wear, or going to the hairdresser, or even looking in the shops for a new dress, and this is fatally distracting. Giving a party is the finish, in my judgment, to several days' work.

● all too lamentably:太使人悲哀了。假如作家能夠馬馬虎虎,高興寫就寫,做人豈不是可以快樂得多?但是寫作這個東西,是一天也不能擱的。前面一句格言既是真話,作家就苦了。

● Friday:隨便舉一天。notes:星期五下午所做的筆記,應(yīng)該是供星期六早晨寫作之用的。但是假如星期六你沒有寫(skip:跳過),星期天早晨再寫,那些筆記可能對你就毫無意義了(will likely have gone dead,此處will同前文所用的意義一樣)。那些筆記本來是帶你進入“星期六的領(lǐng)土”的地圖,但是你停了一天,現(xiàn)在(notes這里是“人格化”了),它們只是坐在桌子上,對你發(fā)愣(stare a person in the face是成語)。或者它們坐在那里,不來理你。(avoiding your eye:避免你的眼睛,故意不來看你,這也是成語。)

● selfsame=precisely the same。

● message:那些筆記可以激發(fā)你的思想,可以傳“話”給你,但是現(xiàn)在“話”不來了,你寫不出東西了。它們成了“冰冷的文字”,沒有生命的東西。

● 寫文章是耽擱不得的。但是耽擱的情形有兩種:

假如外面有力量(from outside)打斷了我的寫作,假如我碰到了一件“無可奈何”(something I could not help)的事情(例如星期六我眼睛有病,要去瞧眼科大夫:oculist),那么你星期天寫作的時候,仍舊是文思通暢的(every bit as well:一點也不差)。原因可能是:我在眼科大夫那里,神魂不安,等得不耐煩,又很生氣(raging:因為覺得光陰浪費可惜)。人雖在等大夫來給我治病,心中念念不忘的是我今天該寫的那章書。

另一種情形:有人請我去吃午飯,我答應(yīng)了。答應(yīng)人家的邀請本來是件小事,但是這里的一個動詞succumb分量很重。succumb的意思是“屈服”,對不可抗力量的屈服,通常用于“戰(zhàn)爭失敗”或“犯罪”等嚴重之事,用了這樣一個嚴重之字,就是表示:人家的邀請可以使你分心,你上午寫作時就不能專心,你假如答應(yīng)了,就相當于“屈服于犯罪的誘惑”。

● lunch:后面跟著一個同位格的lunch,說明這是工作的日子的一頓有趣的午餐。

● ruined:這個字用得也很重——“我就毀了,完蛋了?!蹦翘焐衔缇筒挥孟雽懯裁春梦恼铝?。

● dinner:美國通常是晚餐。晚上去赴宴,照理說不會影響你上午的寫作的。

● means:赴宴并不簡單,它引起了許多別種考慮。對于女太太們說來,有人請客就“等于”(means)考慮這些事情:我要穿些什么(照語法書規(guī)定,這幾個字的次序應(yīng)排作what one shall wear),去洗頭燙發(fā)(替女人“做頭”的人是hairdresser),或者到店里去,找一件新的晚禮服。

● distracting:分心的。fatally:給你致命打擊。作家之心不可旁騖,連宴會都不宜參加,這種生活多苦!

● 應(yīng)召赴宴固然不可,自己請客(Giving a party)更有大害。你有好幾天靜不下心來,工作也不能進行了。

● finish這里是名詞,連后面的to:“照我看來,你好幾天的工作都要無法進行了?!?

I dare not overwork. Let me write for too many hours, sit too long at the typewriter, and rubbish emerges on the page. When I am tired I write as a drunken man might write, deceived into spurious ecstasy. Spurious ecstasy is easy to achieve. But it is not communicable. I think the young writer should always remember that he is writing for strangers. And strangers require to be won. So when lunchtime comes, I tamely stop and eat. After lunch I read over what I wrote in the morning, correct it, add marginal notes of things I have left out or facts that need checking historically. Also, if at lunchtime I am still primed with ideas, I put them on slips of paper marked with the next day's date: "Raleigh's arrival for trial at Winchester. Horn at gate… Only 2 days between R. and his fate."

● Let me…and…:這種句法相當于假定句子——假如我如何如何,我就如何如何。

● sit…at the typewriter:中文大約應(yīng)該說,坐在打字機的“前面”。rubbish:不通的文字。emerges:出現(xiàn)。

● 我如疲倦,我的文章就像醉漢所作(might write是虛擬式:我不一定知道醉漢的文章是怎么樣的)。我糊里糊涂的筆底有一種狂熱(ecstasy),但是這是假的(spurious)狂熱。自以為文氣很盛,其實是語無倫次(deceived into:受騙而做出某樣事情)。這種假的狂熱是不難寫出來(achieve:達到)的。

● communicable:可以使人看懂的。你自言自語,如醉語夢囈,別人是不能了解或欣賞的。青年作家該記?。簩懽魇墙o別人看的,不是讓你來自鳴得意的。讀者你是不認得的(strangers),你該爭?。╳on)他們,使他們歡喜你的作品。

● tamely:乖乖地。上午寫了四個鐘頭,到午飯時就停。

● add marginal notes:上午所寫的文章中,如有東西遺漏(left out),或者有些考據(jù)之事,一定要查書才能證實正誤的,我就加“眉批”注明。但是補寫是要等到明天再來,今天下午我只是休息或是處理雜務(wù)了。

● primed:充滿。有的時候文章欲罷不能,到午飯的時候,人雖疲倦,但是文思未盡。那時我還是停止工作,我把文思寫在幾張紙條上,注明明天的日期,等明天再來發(fā)揮。

● 舉一個例子:作者曾寫過一部英國文藝復興時期的英雄Sir Walter Raleigh的傳記。Raleigh后來是判處死刑的,這幾章文章可以寫得很精彩。但是到該停的時候,她還是停下來。她只是記著:“Raleigh到Winchester,準備受審。門口號角聲……他還有兩天可活……”這種筆記是不用腦筋的,寫來不費力。今天先養(yǎng)精蓄銳,明天好好地來寫。


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