“故宮”中英雙語導(dǎo)游詞（完整版）

在寧壽宮北邊的位置，有個(gè)院落，叫景琪閣。光緒的妃子珍妃曾經(jīng)被關(guān)在這個(gè)院子的廂房里。景琪閣再北邊事貞順門，門內(nèi)有口井，叫珍妃井，因珍妃被淹死在那口井里而得名。

珍妃是滿洲鑲紅旗人，姓他他拉氏，出身貴胄之家，一門書香。13歲和其姐(瑾妃)同時(shí)被選入宮。光緒十五年冊封為珍嬪，五年后晉升為珍妃。居住在東六宮的景仁宮，因得寵常居養(yǎng)心殿。珍妃性格很活潑，有才華，喜歡照相，有時(shí)男扮女裝，很得光緒的喜歡，但是慈禧不喜歡他。維新變法失敗之后，光緒被囚禁在海南的瀛臺(tái)，珍妃則被囚在寧壽全宮北部景琪閣中的廂房之內(nèi)。1900年八國聯(lián)軍進(jìn)京，慈禧太后出逃前，讓崔玉貴、王德環(huán)將珍妃推入貞順門內(nèi)井中淹死，珍妃時(shí)年才24歲。第二年，清廷與八國聯(lián)軍議和，慈禧太后派崔玉貴先行回京，讓內(nèi)務(wù)府備棺將珍妃打撈出來，裝殮入棺，葬在京城西部的田村。慈禧回京后，覺得內(nèi)心不安，下懿旨追封珍妃為皇貴妃。

好啦，各位朋友，故宮后廷外東路路德講解到此結(jié)束，請各位稍微休息一會(huì)兒，10分鐘后我們在門口集合。謝謝各位的合作。

題五：故宮后廷內(nèi)西路主要建筑及御花園

各位朋友，接下來我將帶領(lǐng)大家參觀故宮后廷內(nèi)西路的主要景觀。乾清宮西側(cè)月華門外有一條長巷叫西一長街，街南端為內(nèi)右門，北端為瓊苑西門。我們要游覽的后廷內(nèi)西路范圍就是指西一長街西側(cè)的宮殿區(qū)。

現(xiàn)在我們要參觀的這組宮殿叫養(yǎng)心殿，“養(yǎng)心”二字出自《孟子》“養(yǎng)心莫善于寡欲”，意為“養(yǎng)心以育德”，就是要通過深入思索，修到美好的品德，以德治天下。養(yǎng)心殿在明朝的時(shí)候曾是明世宗朱厚熜修道養(yǎng)身的地方。清初順治皇帝因患天花病逝于養(yǎng)心殿?？滴趵^位后，顯示住在保和殿，后來移居乾清宮。康熙病逝后，雍正皇帝為了給他守孝就搬到了養(yǎng)心殿，喪期滿了之后也沒有搬回乾清宮，從此養(yǎng)心殿稱為清朝后來皇帝日常生活起居和處理政務(wù)的地方，雍正的這個(gè)決定使紫禁城內(nèi)廷的格局出現(xiàn)變化。從此養(yǎng)心殿的地位越來越重要。隨著養(yǎng)心殿的地位的上升，內(nèi)部配套設(shè)施很快跟了上來。在紫禁城內(nèi)，它成為地位僅次于太和殿的宮殿。

養(yǎng)心殿整個(gè)建筑呈“工”字形，分為前、后殿。前殿是皇帝處理朝政的地方，后殿為帝后休息的地方。前殿又分為正殿、東曖閣和西曖閣。正殿內(nèi)設(shè)有寶座、御案，屋頂上有蟠龍、藻井及軒轅鏡，是皇帝接見大臣的地方。西曖閣是處理日常政務(wù)、單獨(dú)召見大臣、批閱奏章的地方。西曖閣又分成了一大兩小三個(gè)空間，中間大的為勤政親賢殿，兩個(gè)小間一個(gè)為通道，另一個(gè)就是著名的“三希堂”。三希堂珍藏了三幅傳世書法墨寶，分別是王羲之的《快雪時(shí)晴帖》、王獻(xiàn)之的《中秋帖》、王珣的《伯遠(yuǎn)帖》。乾隆對這三幅法帖愛不釋手，不時(shí)揣摩，所以起名為“三希堂”。另一種說法是乾隆對“三希”的解釋是“士希賢、賢希圣、圣希天”。寓意臣賢、君明、政通人和。

前殿的東曖閣就是歷史上有名的垂簾聽政的地方。當(dāng)年慈禧太后大權(quán)在握，于是以皇帝太小不能處理國事為名與慈安太后兩宮垂簾聽政。各位請看屋內(nèi)那個(gè)簾子，當(dāng)年小皇帝坐在前面的寶座上，兩位皇太后坐在后面，中間有簾將皇帝及太后們隔開。慈安坐南座，慈禧坐在北座。此外在養(yǎng)心殿正殿也設(shè)置了垂簾聽政的格局，用黃紗屏八扇隔在皇帝寶座之后，慈安位于東座，慈禧坐于西座。

養(yǎng)心殿寢宮在“工”字形建筑的后部，一字排開共五間。正面明間設(shè)坐炕一鋪，東次間設(shè)寶座、紫檀長條案，西次間設(shè)紫檀云龍大立柜和坐炕。東西兩梢間正面為炕床，即所謂的“龍床”。據(jù)說東梢間的床是為皇后來時(shí)用的，西梢間的床則是為妃嬪來時(shí)用的。東西梢間兩側(cè)有凈房，即我們今天所說的廁所，凈盆用銀或瓷制成，足可見帝后生活的奢侈。養(yǎng)心殿后東側(cè)名為體順堂，是皇后侍寢是的臨時(shí)住的地方，西側(cè)為燕禧堂，是皇貴妃侍寢時(shí)的居所。其他嬪妃則住殿外的東西圍房。

養(yǎng)心殿也是清帝退位、結(jié)束中國長達(dá)二千余年的封建統(tǒng)治的見證人。1911年，孫中山領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的辛亥革命取得勝利，在大勢已去的形勢之下，1912年2月12日，隆?；侍蟊黄仍诖舜婺┐实燮谱g簽署了退位詔書。根據(jù)民國政府的優(yōu)待政策，溥儀仍在此居住了13年，1924年馮玉祥將軍下令將其逐出故宮。1925年10月10日故宮對外開放。號，下面請各位在這里參觀一下，5分鐘后集合。

好，各位，這里是養(yǎng)心殿北側(cè)西六宮中的儲(chǔ)秀宮，建于明初，嘉靖十四年(1535)改稱儲(chǔ)秀宮，是清末慈禧初入宮時(shí)居住的地方。咸豐年間，慈禧一秀女的身份選入宮后，從被封為蘭貴人開始，直到成為太后以前一直住在儲(chǔ)秀宮。儲(chǔ)秀宮的最后一位主人是末代皇帝溥儀的皇后婉容。1924年11月5日，溥儀和婉容正在宮中談笑，突然發(fā)生馮玉祥“逼宮”的事變，二人倉皇出逃。故宮剛剛對外開放后，參觀者還可以看到儲(chǔ)秀宮內(nèi)桌上還有吃剩下的半個(gè)蘋果，打開的餅干盒，干了的佛手、木瓜和走廊上已經(jīng)干枯的菊花。好啦，各位朋友，現(xiàn)在請各位參觀儲(chǔ)秀宮，5分鐘后我們在門口集合。謝謝各位的合作。

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們來到了紫禁城的后花園--御花園，這里是帝后休憩娛樂的場所。整個(gè)花園呈長方形，占地只有1.2萬平方米，是紫禁城面積的1.5%，但卻容納了大小20多座不同風(fēng)格的亭臺(tái)樓閣，花園北為順貞門，東南為窮苑東門，西南為瓊苑西門。園內(nèi)古柏參天、奇花異石遍地，布局緊湊，小巧玲瓏。御花園分為中軸線及左、右三大部分，現(xiàn)在我先給大家介紹一下中軸線上的欽安殿。

欽安殿位于御花園天一門內(nèi)的高臺(tái)上，始建于明永樂十五年(1417)，是供奉道教四象中北方水神--真武大帝的地方，是北京中軸線上唯一的一所宗教性建筑，也是紫禁城最北面的一座宮殿。殿內(nèi)共有大小神龕11座，位居中央的三大兩小神龕內(nèi)供奉的都是真武大帝。大家可以看到，中央龕內(nèi)事明代所鑄的巨型真武銅像，披發(fā)跌足，身著云氅，手持法劍，腳踏龜蛇，十分威武。據(jù)說真武大帝有鎮(zhèn)火神力，而紫禁城內(nèi)幾乎都是木結(jié)構(gòu)大殿，最怕火，故每年立春、立夏、立秋及立冬之日皇帝來此上香以祈禱水神保佑皇宮四季平安。

各位朋友，現(xiàn)在我們的位置是在御花園的東側(cè)，這里有兩個(gè)亭子，名為萬春和浮壁，在西側(cè)相對應(yīng)的位置也有兩個(gè)亭子叫千秋及澄瑞，這四亭為一年四季的象征。再請看這座假山，它的名字叫堆秀山，是由太湖石堆砌而成，山頂有御景亭，它是御花園內(nèi)最高的建筑，為皇后在九九重陽節(jié)登高望遠(yuǎn)而設(shè)。

欽安殿是西北側(cè)是延暉閣，是皇帝登臨賦詩的地方。還有一種說法認(rèn)為這里就是清代選秀女的地方。清朝挑選秀女的范圍只限在八旗之內(nèi)，候選女子的年齡從15歲開始預(yù)選，5年之內(nèi)未被選中便允許自行擇配成家。選進(jìn)宮的秀女出路有二：一是備內(nèi)廷主位，就是指可能被皇帝看中而成為妃嬪，當(dāng)年的蘭兒就是在這里被選中，后來成為統(tǒng)治大清王朝長達(dá)48年的慈禧太后。二是與皇子、皇孫栓婚，或成為親王、郡王以及親王、郡王之子指婚。

瓊苑東門北側(cè)西向的是絳雪軒，因軒前植名貴海棠多株，花開時(shí)似帶血紅梅，故名。瓊苑西門之北二層的樓閣是養(yǎng)性齋，宣統(tǒng)年間，是溥儀的英文老師莊士敦休息的地方。

好啦，各位朋友，故宮后廷內(nèi)西路的講解到此結(jié)束，現(xiàn)在請各位參觀御花園，5分鐘后我們咋門口集合。謝謝各位的合作。

英文范例

題一：午門前講故宮

Ladies and gentlemen:

The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing. It is also known as the Forbidden City in the old days. Actually it was the imperial palace for the emperors and served as both living quarters and the venue of the state administration in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its name, on the one hand, comes from ancient Chinese astronomers' belief that God's abode or the Purple Palace, the pivot of the celestial world, is located in the Pole Star, at the center of the heavens . Hence, as the Son of God, the emperor should live in the Purple City. On the other hand, except for palace maids, eunuchs and guards, ordinary the Forbidden City and the Purple City.

It took 14 years to complete the magnificent palace. Construction began in 1406 and finished in 1420. The following year, in 1421 the capital of the Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. Starting from the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di to the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty Pu Yi, altogether 24 emperors lived here for a total of 491 years. 14 of then were Ming emperors and 10 were Qing emperors.

The Forbidden City covers an area of 72 hectares with a total floor space of about 163,000 square meters. It is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west with a10-meter high city wall surrounded and encircled by a 52 meter-wide moat. At each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower which was heavily guarded in the old days.

The Forbidden City now consists of more than 90 palaces and courtyards, 980 buildings with rooms of 8,704. Most of the structures in the Forbidden City were made of wood with white marble, stone or brick foundations. The building materials were from parts of our country. The timber came from Sichuan, Guizhou, Guandxi, Hunan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China. But in the Qing Dynasty, the timbers were transported from northeast China. Other construction materials, including brick, stone and lime, were used by both Dynasties. The golden bricks that paved the halls were manufactured in Suzhou, refined bricks used to build the foundation of halls were made in Linqing, and lime came from Yizhou. White marble was provided regularly by Fangshan County and glazed tiles by Sanjiadian.

The Forbidden City can be divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The Outer Court consists of three main buildings where the emperors attended the grand of rear three main buildings and the six eastern palaces and six western palaces where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and the living quarters for the emperor, empress and imperial concubines to live in.

The Forbidden City is the best-preserved imperial palace in China and the largest ancient palatial structure in the world. In 1987 it was listed as the world cultural heritage by UNESCO.

The Meridian Gate is the main entrance to the Forbidden City. It is called Meridian Gate because the emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the Forbidden City and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. It is 35.6meters high with five towers on the top, so it is also nicknames as the “Five-Phoenix Tower.”

The Meridian Gate was the place to announce the new lunar year calendar on the first day of 10th lunar month every year. Lanterns would also be hung up on the Meridian Gate on the 15th day of the first lunar month during the Ming Dynasty, when all the officials would have a feast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens, when all the officials would have a fast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens would go to the Meridian Gate to look at the beautiful lanterns. When a general returned from battle, the ceremony of “Accepting Captives of War” was held here. The “Court Beating” also took place here.

The gate has five openings. The central passageway was for the emperor exclusively. But apart from the emperor, the empress could use the central passageway on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. However, after the palace examination, the first top three outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate. The high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east. The two smaller ones on both sides at the corner were for the lowranking officials. During the Palace Examination all the candidates went in from these two side-gates according to the odd number or even number.

題二：故宮前朝(中路：太和門至保和殿)

Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity.

Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings.

Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday.

The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude.

There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity.