用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)旅游華北地區(qū) 07：孔廟、孔府、孔林自然概況1

孔廟、孔府、孔林

Natural Features

自然概況

Qufu in Shandong Province is the hometown of Confucius(551一479 BC) who is a great thinker，statesman and educator in China's history，and founder of the Confucian school of philosophy，which is the ideological root of all varieties of Chinese culture. Its position in the making of Chinese nationality and culture is never surpassed for 2000 years. Qufu，admired by all rulers and intellectuals in history，has numerous cultural sites，among which the most famed areTemple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion.

山東曲阜是中國(guó)歷史上偉大的思想家、政治家、教育家、儒家學(xué)派的創(chuàng)始人孔子 (公元前551一479))的故里。中國(guó)悠久燦爛的漢文化，其思想根源都可追溯到先秦孔子?？鬃釉谒茉熘袊?guó)民族性格和傳統(tǒng)文化上的歷史地位，兩千年來(lái)無(wú)人可及。曲阜作為歷代帝王、文人名士仰慕的地方，遺留下大量的文物古跡，其中最著名的是孔廟、孔林、孔府

The Confucian Temple is in the center of Qufu City. It was built in 478 BC. There are still 466 halls， pavilions and other rooms intact， covering a total area of 21. 8 hectares. Repeated improvement and expansion has turned the temple into a palatial complex with nine rows of courtyards

孔廟位于曲阜市中心.建于公元前478年。全廟共有廳、堂、樓、軒等各各式建筑466間，其總面積約21.8公頃。數(shù)十次的重修、擴(kuò)建，使孔廟成為擁有九進(jìn)院落、規(guī)模宏大的古建筑群。

The Great Accomplishment Hall , the major structure of the temple，is 33 meters tall. It is roofed with yellow glazed tiles and has octagonal eaves. The front 10 stone columns are carved with dragons. In addition to a statue of Confucius， the hall also houses stone inscription of the Ming Dynasty，which tells the life story of Confucius in 120 pictures，as well as a great deal of stone tablets.

孔廟的正殿大成殿高3米，殿脊為黃色琉璃瓦，八角形殿檐。殿前十根石柱上雕有龍圖。除孔子塑像外，殿內(nèi)還有明朝時(shí)期立的石碑。碑上的120副圖畫(huà)講述了孔子的生平。此外，殿內(nèi)還有大量的石匾。

The Confucian Family Mansion，right next to the Confucian Temple，was the residence of Confucius' descendants and also the residence just next to the imperial palace in scale. It covers i6 hectares with 463 rooms. The family mansion now houses a large number of documents，files and cultural relics.

孔府緊靠孔廟，是孔子的后代子孫們居住的地方，規(guī)模上僅次于皇宮?？赘嫉?16公頃，有廳,堂、樓、軒等各式建筑463間。府內(nèi)收藏大量的歷史檔案、文件和文物。

The color of the roof tiles of the mansion is elegant gray. The front part of the mansion is the Office Quarter，while the rear quarter is the family residence and garden. The mansion is famous for not only the numerable cultural treasures but also the Kong Family's Mansion Banquet, which it is said，follows a menu with quite a few imperial dishes for the emperor.

孔府是用雅致莊重的灰瓦建造的?？赘?，前部為官衙三堂，后為內(nèi)宅和孔府花園。在這兒，不僅可以看到大量珍貴文物，還可品嘗著名的孔府宴，據(jù)說(shuō)其中多種菜式是當(dāng)年皇帝的御膳。

The Confucian Cemetery，occupying more than 200 the family graveyard of Confucius and his descendants for hectares，has served as more than 2 300 years.

孔林占地200公頃之多，是孔子及其后裔延用了2 300多年的家族墓地。

Cemetery of Confucius is situated in the suburb north of Kong Family Mansion. It is the largest artificial cemetery in China，with a perimeter of over a dozen kilometers. It is also the most intact and the oldest survivor of family graveyards.

孔林位于孔府以北的城郊，周長(zhǎng)十幾公里，是中國(guó)最大的一座人造陵園，也是保存年代最長(zhǎng)、最完整的一座氏族古墓園。

Together，the Confucian Temple。Confucian Family Mansion and Cemetery were inscribed in World Heritage List in 1994.

孔廟、孔林、孔府于1994年被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。