雅思聽(tīng)力對(duì)話：斯多葛哲學(xué)01

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雅思聽(tīng)力在考試中占據(jù)著重要的地位，時(shí)常用聽(tīng)力材料來(lái)磨耳朵可以不斷鞏固大腦的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力。以下是雅思聽(tīng)力材料，您可以結(jié)合MP3和下方的原文及翻譯進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力學(xué)習(xí)。

聽(tīng)力原文及翻譯

Ancient philosophy is not just about talking or lecturing, or even reading long, dense books. In fact, it is something people have used throughout history to solve their problems and to achieve their greatest triumphs. 

古代哲學(xué)不僅僅是談?wù)摶蛑v課，甚至不僅僅是閱讀冗長(zhǎng)而深?yuàn)W的書(shū)籍。事實(shí)上，它是人們?cè)谡麄€(gè)歷史中用來(lái)解決問(wèn)題和取得最大成就的東西。

Specifically, I am referring to Stoicism, which, in my opinion, is the most practical of all philosophies and therefore the most appealing. Stoicism was founded in ancient Greece by Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC but was practiced by the likes of Epictetus, Cato, Seneca, and Marcus Aurelius. 

具體來(lái)說(shuō)，我指的是斯多葛哲學(xué)，在我看來(lái)，它是所有哲學(xué)中最實(shí)用的，因此也是最有吸引力的。斯多葛哲學(xué)是由芝諾在公元前 3 世紀(jì)初在古希臘創(chuàng)立的，但被愛(ài)比克泰德、加圖、塞內(nèi)卡和馬庫(kù)斯·奧勒留等人所實(shí)踐。

Amazingly, we still have access to these ideas, despite the fact that the most famous Stoics never wrote anything down for publication. Cato definitely didn't, Marcus Aurelius never intended his Meditations to be anything but personal, Seneca's letters were, well, letters, and Epictetus's thoughts come to us by way of a note-taking student.

令人驚訝的是，盡管最著名的斯多葛學(xué)派從未寫(xiě)下任何東西出版，但我們?nèi)匀豢梢越佑|到這些思想。加圖絕對(duì)沒(méi)有，馬庫(kù)斯·奧勒留從未打算將他的《沉思錄》變成個(gè)人的，塞內(nèi)卡的書(shū)信就是書(shū)信，而愛(ài)比克泰德的思想是通過(guò)做筆記的學(xué)生傳給我們的。

Stoic principles were based on the idea that its followers could have unshakable happiness in this life, and the key to achieving this was virtue. The road to virtue, in turn, lies in understanding that destructive emotions like anger and jealousy are under our conscious control; they don't have to control us, because we can learn to control them. 

斯多葛學(xué)派的原則基于這樣的理念：其追隨者可以擁有不可動(dòng)搖的幸福，而實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵是美德。而通往美德的道路則在于理解憤怒和嫉妒等破壞性情緒在我們的意識(shí)控制之下；它們不必控制我們，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢詫W(xué)會(huì)控制它們。

In the words of Epictetus, "External events I cannot control, but the choices I make with regard to them, I do control."

用愛(ài)比克泰德的話來(lái)說(shuō)，“我無(wú)法控制外部事件，但我可以控制我對(duì)它們的選擇?！?/p>

The modern-day philosopher and writer Nasim Nicholas Taleb defines a Stoic as someone who has a different perspective on experiences which most of us would see as wholly negative. A Stoic transforms fear into caution, pain into transformation, mistakes into initiation, and desire into undertaking. 

現(xiàn)代哲學(xué)家和作家納西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布將斯多葛學(xué)派定義為對(duì)大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為完全負(fù)面的經(jīng)歷有不同看法的人。斯多葛學(xué)派將恐懼轉(zhuǎn)化為謹(jǐn)慎，將痛苦轉(zhuǎn)化為轉(zhuǎn)變，將錯(cuò)誤轉(zhuǎn)化為啟蒙，將欲望轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)。

Using this definition as a model, we can see that throughout the centuries, Stoicism has been practiced in more recent history by kings, presidents, artists, writers, and entrepreneurs.

以這個(gè)定義為模型，我們可以看到，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，斯多葛學(xué)派在近代歷史上一直被國(guó)王、總統(tǒng)、藝術(shù)家、作家和企業(yè)家所實(shí)踐。

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