大學(xué)英語四級改錯題常考要點--謂語動詞

謂語動詞

(一) 謂語動詞的主謂一致

①、主謂分割原則

例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,  America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.

分析：symbolize應(yīng)改為symbolizes。主語謂語用逗號分割開，主語the bald eagle為單數(shù)，謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。

②、與后者一致原則

not…but, 強調(diào)but后面的名詞，

not only…but also

③、與前者一致原則

名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用is,

中心詞在前面，謂語動詞應(yīng)該與前面的名詞保持一致

例：The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.

分析：謂語動詞應(yīng)該與the athlete 保持一致，所以are改為is

④、就近原則

or, either…or, neither…nor,

單數(shù)名詞+or+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are

如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?，也就是把be動詞提到前面，那么變?yōu)閕s

所以注意一點： 如果是陳述句，靠后面近，用復(fù)數(shù)
如果是疑問句，靠前面近，用單數(shù)

例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals.

分析：or應(yīng)改為and。從謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷，主語應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)，or連接兩個名詞時動詞和后面的名詞保持一致，behavior是用單數(shù)形式，因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。

⑤定語從句主語就近原則

There are five apples that are red.

apples是復(fù)數(shù)，因此從句謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù)。

例：A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets carry a supply that last just a few seconds.

分析：last應(yīng)改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語a supply為單數(shù)，其謂語動詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。

⑥the +形容詞主謂一致

The rich are not always happier than the poor.

The rich 表示一類人，應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)

⑦、倒裝句的主謂一致

改錯題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況：

a. there be 句型

there be+名詞+名詞，那么最近的名詞決定其形式

b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞，名詞其實是主語，所以be和名詞保持一致

例：There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.

分析：there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式，society當(dāng)然用單數(shù)，所以there are 改為there is


例：Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific  Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30 miles in width.

分析：倒裝句，are改為is

例：Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film presented on the five-story-tall screen.

分析：film應(yīng)改為films , 主語實際上是名詞，應(yīng)該與謂語動詞保持一致。

⑧、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致

fifty percent of + 名詞

one percent of + 名詞

謂語動詞的形式和百分比多少沒有關(guān)系，主要取決于后面的名詞，比如：

one percent of my students + are

fifty percent of my time is spent on working.

這里要強調(diào)兩個結(jié)構(gòu)

half of =fifty percent

most of + 可數(shù)名詞　+ are

most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is

例：Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been found in central and eastern Canada.

分析：has been應(yīng)改為have been。介詞of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語，作主語的中心詞half當(dāng)然表復(fù)數(shù)，相應(yīng)的謂語動詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例：Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized in the United States are for foods and beverages.

分析：package應(yīng)改為packages。從謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷出主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意food用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的食品，beverage用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類的飲料。