時(shí)代經(jīng)典商業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯：財(cái)政稅務(wù)

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credit crunch

信用緊縮

Not that selling the properties is easy.

出售財(cái)產(chǎn)并非易事。

The glut of industries on the block,coupled with a global credit crunch that limits the resources of prospective buyers,

有太多的公司等著買主，供過(guò)于求，再加上全球性的信用緊縮，限制了可能買主的來(lái)源，

guarantees depressed prices for even some choice enterprises.

因此即使是一些績(jī)優(yōu)的企業(yè)，也保證賣不到好價(jià)錢。

deficit

赤字

The old enemy,the Soviet Union,has vanished.

舊敵人蘇聯(lián)消失了。

With the U.S.running a $41 billion trade deficit with Japan,

但是美國(guó)對(duì)日本的貿(mào)易赤字高達(dá)410億美元，

the once deferential partner begins to look to some Americans like the new enemy.

使得一度對(duì)美國(guó)恭恭敬敬的伙伴被某些美國(guó)人視同新敵人。

That led to a state deficit of $14 billion,the largest any state government has ever incurred.

這個(gè)因素導(dǎo)致州政府的赤字達(dá)到140億美元，冠于全美任何一州。

devaluation

貶值

Fearful of a sudden devaluation of their hoards,East Germans last week staged a minirun on banks,

東德人民因害怕他們的存款會(huì)突然貶值，上個(gè)禮拜演出一次小規(guī)模的擠兌，

withdrawing cash for shopping sprees.

把現(xiàn)款提出來(lái)去大量購(gòu)物。

In Britain an impassioned parliamentary debate last week revealed the public's deep unease about the agreement in the wake of a devaluation of the t has shaken the government's economic policies.

在英國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)上周的激辯反映出在英鎊貶值動(dòng)搖政府經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的風(fēng)波下，英國(guó)大眾對(duì)條約深深的不安全感。

discount

貼現(xiàn)

European economic officials achieved some success in quelling the speculative chaos unloosed last week,

歐洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)官員已稍微抑制住這波風(fēng)潮，

when Germany failed to support the French franc by reducing its discount rate as much as had seen expected.

德國(guó)上周調(diào)降貼現(xiàn)率，但不如預(yù)期的低，所以德國(guó)無(wú)法支撐法國(guó)法郎，引發(fā)投機(jī)性交易的大混亂。

flat tax

比例稅

Under the system,adults will pay a flat rate based on the cost of government services in their localities,rather than property taxes assessed according e of the home.

在此制度下，成年人將依據(jù)政府在他住的地區(qū)所提供的服務(wù)成本來(lái)付出比例稅，而非依據(jù)房屋價(jià)值所征收的財(cái)產(chǎn)稅。

flight of capital

資本外逃

During the years of its most explosive growth in the late 1970s and mid-1980s,

在它急速成長(zhǎng)的1970年代后期與1980年代中期，

B.C.C.I.became a magnet for drug money,

國(guó)際信貸銀行像一塊大磁鐵，吸引販毒的錢，

capital flight money,tax-evading money and money from corrupt government officials.

資本外逃的錢，逃稅的錢與政府官員貪污的錢。

IRS

國(guó)家稅務(wù)總署

Recent Census Bureau and IRS data suggest that only 1 in 4 people who employ household help bothers to pay Social Security taxes.

最新的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)局與國(guó)家稅務(wù)總署資料顯示在雇用幫傭的家庭中，只有1/4付了社會(huì)安全稅。

Given the natural reluctance to confide in government agents,the real figure is probably much lower.

若考慮到人民對(duì)政府機(jī)構(gòu)調(diào)查的不信賴感，實(shí)際的比例可能更低。

prime rate

Nor has the Federal Reserve Board's actions to lower interest rates provided much of a lift outside the housing market,even though the prime rate has 10.5% two years ago to 8% today.

Only First national of Chicago,the 13th largest U.S. bank,

cut its prime rate a half-point,to 9.5%.

progressive tax

累進(jìn)稅

Several of Clinton's top aides want to move away from higher taxes on income and toward a progressive tax on consumption,

某些克林頓總統(tǒng)的高級(jí)助理傾向不提高所得稅，而代之以對(duì)消費(fèi)行為課征累進(jìn)稅，

like the value-added taxes widely used in other countries.

有如其他國(guó)家常用到的增值稅。

I was holding forth on one of the more devastating imbecilities of the Reagan era,

||| 我不斷地表達(dá)里根時(shí)代中最具破壞性的愚蠢措施之一，

the abolition of theprogressive income tax in favor of a two-tier flat tax rate.

就是揚(yáng)棄累進(jìn)所得稅而選擇一種兩級(jí)制的比例稅。

Proposition 13

第13號(hào)提案

Proposition 13,the 1978 referenedum that froze property taxes at 1% of assessed value,

1978年公民投票通過(guò)的第13號(hào)提案將財(cái)產(chǎn)稅凍結(jié)在估價(jià)的1%，

depleted county treasuries,leaving the state to pick up the bills for things like schools and welfare services.

而這提案掏空了州庫(kù)，讓政府以其他經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)償付教育與福利支出。

subsidy

補(bǔ)貼

Automakers and other unionized corporations would benefit from a new health-care subsidy for their employees who retire before age 62.

汽車廠與其他有工會(huì)公司的員工，在62歲以前退休者，仍可享受到新的健保補(bǔ)貼。

Advocates on both sides of the subsidy issue acknowledge that in the long run,

兩方之中，鼓吹補(bǔ)貼政策的人士，仍然承認(rèn)就長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，

free trade benefits everyone.

自由貿(mào)易會(huì)使大家都受惠。

tax shelter

避稅工具

It would be understandable if the Clintons treated their Whitewater investment largely as a much needed tax shelter.

如果克林頓將他們夫婦在白水公司的投資，主要視其為極需要的避稅工具，那是可以理解的。

"Hi!I just had a baby an hour ago,and I'm back at work already.

“嗨，我一小時(shí)前剛生了個(gè)孩子，而現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)回來(lái)上班了。

And while I was delivering,I took a seminar on tax shelter options."

而當(dāng)我在分娩的時(shí)候，我還參加了一項(xiàng)有關(guān)選擇避稅工具的座談會(huì)。”

value-added tax

增值稅

The value-added tax,or VAT,common in Europe

增值稅在歐洲很普遍，

and supported in principle in the House by Texas' Archer and Sam Gibbons of Florida,

而且受到眾議院中得克薩斯州的Archer與佛羅里達(dá)州的Sam Gibbons眾議員原則性支持。

is far easier to enforce,as goods are taxed at each stage of production and distribution.

這種稅因?yàn)樵谏唐返拿恳粋€(gè)制造與銷售過(guò)程中抽稅，是更容易執(zhí)行的稅制。