雅思閱讀詞匯備考必備的2個知識點

單詞是閱讀的基礎(chǔ),沒有一定量的單詞作為基礎(chǔ),就無法保證有一定的閱讀速度.那么學(xué)習(xí)一些最基本的構(gòu)詞法知識,就非常重要了.

雖然不是每一個單詞都可以通過構(gòu)詞法解決掉,但是了解一些最常用的前綴,詞根和后綴,并在背單詞的過程中多思考,多練習(xí),無疑在閱讀過程中對生詞就不抵觸,可以使自己如虎添翼.先來測試一下自己的單詞量吧.這里有10個單詞,都是雅思閱讀中的核心詞匯,看看你認(rèn)識幾個:輕松說對6個的為達(dá)標(biāo),能說對8個的就視為優(yōu)秀,當(dāng)然10個全答對的同學(xué)自然很了不起.但是如果不達(dá)標(biāo)的同學(xué),也不用著急,在看完了我為你們準(zhǔn)備的構(gòu)詞法核心表格之后,就可以輕松認(rèn)知這下面的單詞啦.

collaborate/chronic/dictate/recall/incurable

retrospect/anonymous/bilingual/thermometer/misbehave

必備知識1:前綴變詞意，后綴變詞性

在背記單詞的時候,我們要了解到,一個單詞的前綴決定這個單詞詞意,比如like(喜歡)和dislike(不喜歡),后綴決定這個單詞的詞性,比如 understand(v.理解)和understandable(adj.可以理解的)在雅思閱讀中,很多時候考點詞我們并不認(rèn)識,但是可以通過前綴來辨別單詞是否一致,或者抵觸.(我們經(jīng)常稱為單詞的方向為正向,或是負(fù)向);后綴我們可以判別單詞的詞性,利用最基本的知識:副詞修飾動詞和形容詞,形容詞修飾名詞,我們在做填空題的時候不難利用橫線前面單詞的詞性來推測出橫線里面要填的單詞的詞性,從而在原文中縮小范圍.比如...as a result of geographical_______ 我們知道后綴為-al的形容詞后綴,因此橫線中要填的一定為名詞,那么名詞的后綴又有-tion,-ity,-ness...答案從形式上先確定了,找起來就特別容易.說了這么多,讓我們來看看下面這個單詞:inescapable,是由前綴表相反的"in-以及形容詞后綴"-able構(gòu)成,中間余下的部分"escap"很容易看出是escape逃離的變體,所以這個單詞是形容詞,釋義為不可逃避的,不可逃離的.

必備知識2:一些必要的后綴(suffixes)

n.代表名詞 v.代表動詞 adj.代表形容詞 adv.代表副詞

-able,-ible,-ble, adj. understandable, believable

-ate, v. activate, accelerate, validate

-er, -or, n. teacher,director

-fy, v. notify,modify, diversify,classify

-ic, -al, adj. historic, dramatic, musical，practical

-ism, n. idealism, terrorism

-ist, n. pacifist, activist, typist

-ity, n. possibility, humanity, curiosity, reality

-ize, v. realize, modernize，popularize

-ness, n. happiness, shyness

-oid, adj. humanoid

-ous, ious, ose, adj. poisonous, famous, precious,

-tion, ation,n. condition, translation

必備知識3:一些必要的前綴(prefixes)

a-,an-without, lacking, not, atypical, apolitical

ab- away from, abnormal, abuse

bene-good benefit, benefactor

bi- two bicycle, bilingual, bilinguist

circum- around circumstance

com-,con-,col-, cor-,co- together, with cooperate, collaborate

contra- anti, against contradict, by contrast, anti-war

de- down from, away descend, dehydrate, deforestation

dia- through, across diameter

hyper- above, beyond, excessive hypermarket, hypersensitive

hypo-under, beneath, down hypothesis

in-,im-, il-, ir- in, into, oninject, insert,inspect

in-,im-, il-, ir- in, not irregular,illegal

inter- between international, interview, interrupt

intro-, intra-, within introduce

micro- small microwave, Microsoft

mis- wrong misunderstand, misconception

dis-, not, opposite, disconnect, disable, disagree

non- not nonessential, nonsense,

un- not unavailable, unknown, undeniable

mono- one, alone monologue, monopoly

multi-many multiple choice, multimedia, multitude

peri- around perimeter

poly- many polytechnic school

post- after postgraduate, postpone=delay

pre- before predict

re-,retro- back, againreplay, retrospect

semi- half, partlysemiprivate, semi-detached

sub-,suc-, suf-, sug, sup-,sus- under subway

super- above, greater, better superman

syn-, sym-, syl- with, togethersympathy

trans- across transport, transmit

tri- three triangle, tripod

ultra- beyond, excessive, extreme ultra-sound

uni-one universe