Hello不夠用？世界各國(guó)打招呼方式學(xué)起來(lái)

　　當(dāng)對(duì)方是一個(gè)西班牙女孩、比利時(shí)的長(zhǎng)者或是德國(guó)漢堡市的本土，你知道如何同他們打招呼嗎?在不同文化間的寒暄相互沖擊時(shí)什么會(huì)發(fā)生呢?與人交往時(shí)如若多了跨文化的種種復(fù)雜，我們便進(jìn)入了禮儀“雷區(qū)”，危機(jī)重重。接下來(lái)我們一起簡(jiǎn)單瀏覽下我們應(yīng)當(dāng)注意到的幾個(gè)文化準(zhǔn)則吧!

　　第一站：西班牙

　　In Spain men and women greet others with two kisses, delivered from left to right, often taking hold of a shoulder while doing so. Shaking hands isn’t something the Spanish are keen on – “you might be contagious!”

　　在西班牙無(wú)論男士還是女士，他們均以兩個(gè)吻互相問(wèn)候(先親吻左臉，而后親右臉)，且行親吻禮時(shí)通常會(huì)扶住對(duì)方的肩膀。握手在西班牙卻并不盛行——因?yàn)槟憧赡軒Ц腥拘圆《?

　　The weather and fútbol are considered small talk staples, but I found the most common intro when unexpectedly encountering an acquaintance in the street was, ¿a dónde vas? - where are you going? An achingly simple, slightly interrogatory opener that launches one into moderately more purposeful small talk.

　　天氣與足球被認(rèn)為是西班牙的典型的閑談話題，不過(guò)我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人們?cè)诖蠼稚吓c熟人不期而遇時(shí)，西班牙人最常用的介紹語(yǔ)卻是¿a dónde vas?(你去哪呀?)這個(gè)異常簡(jiǎn)明又略帶質(zhì)詢語(yǔ)氣的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白使人們展開(kāi)目的性較之稍強(qiáng)的閑聊。

　　第二站：意大利

　　“Ciao” reigns supreme in Italy. Regardless whether you meet someone during the day, night, or whether you’re saying hello or goodbye (one-word-fluency!). [/cn]

　　第三站：保加利亞

　　[en]If you’re a creature of habit, stick to holidays in Bulgaria - they also kiss from left to right, although they have the odd custom of using different languages for simple exchanges; the Italian ciao to say goodbye and the French merci for thank you, for example.

　　如果你屬于循規(guī)蹈矩之人，一定要去保加利亞度假，因?yàn)樗麄円矎淖笾劣倚杏H吻禮。不過(guò)他們有個(gè)奇怪的習(xí)俗——在簡(jiǎn)單的交流中使用不同語(yǔ)種，像是道別時(shí)說(shuō)意大利語(yǔ)ciao，致謝時(shí)用法語(yǔ)merci。

　　第四站：德國(guó)

　　Greetings often depend on where exactly you are in Germany. In the north you’ll be greeted with amoin moin while in the south you may be on the receiving end of a servus. A hallo or a guten Tag will get you started everywhere, however.

　　在德國(guó)，人們之間的問(wèn)候通常取決于你具體所處的方位。你若在德國(guó)北部，那么就會(huì)用amoin moin與人問(wèn)候;如若你在德國(guó)南部，那就可能會(huì)聽(tīng)到servus這樣的問(wèn)候。然而無(wú)論你在德國(guó)哪兒，都能以hallo或guten Tag問(wèn)候他人。

　　Young people often greet one another with a hug, but in large groups a simple nod of the head and a hallo zusammen (hello together)suffices. Interestingly, greetings remain stubbornly conventional within traditional companies with employees greeting one another formally with a firm shake of the hand and addressing one another by title and surname; guten Tag Herr Wowereit.

　　德國(guó)的年輕人經(jīng)常擁抱對(duì)方聊表問(wèn)候，但是在人數(shù)眾多的場(chǎng)合中，簡(jiǎn)單地點(diǎn)頭示意，并說(shuō)上一句hallo zusammen(大家好)就足夠了。有趣的是，傳統(tǒng)德國(guó)公司員工間的問(wèn)候方式仍沿襲傳統(tǒng)，相當(dāng)正式。他們會(huì)有力地握握手，并以職位和姓氏互相稱呼，例如 guten Tag Herr Wowereit。

　　第五站：奧地利

　　In Austria one greets with a servus, and they’re very attentive to titles (so pay attention, Doctor Doe). Women often say hello with two kisses, one on each cheek and always starting on the right and then moving to the left (they border Italy, after all). Men will normally shake hands.

　　奧地利人用servus互相打招呼，他們尤為注重職稱，所以稱呼Doctor Doe的時(shí)候注意他的職位。女士通常以兩個(gè)吻問(wèn)好，每個(gè)臉頰上各落一個(gè)吻，而且通常從右臉頰親至左臉頰(畢竟奧地利毗鄰意大利。)男士則通常握手問(wèn)好。

　　第六站：法國(guó)

　　In France people greet with a bonjour or the more informal salut. And if you thought the formalities of kissing were somewhat novel, be prepared for the bise, planting up to four kisses on the cheeks of the French. The number is dependent upon region, so you’ll need to brush up on some local knowledge before mingling with the haute société. Pay strict attention to the formal vous form for older people and strangers.

　　法國(guó)人以bonjour ，或是更加隨意的salut問(wèn)好。如果你認(rèn)為親吻展現(xiàn)的正式有點(diǎn)新奇，那準(zhǔn)備好于法國(guó)凜冽的北風(fēng)中，在法國(guó)人的臉頰上印上4個(gè)吻吧。親吻的個(gè)數(shù)由地區(qū)而定，因此在與法國(guó)上層社會(huì)的人打交道前，你得重拾一些對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐牧私?。向長(zhǎng)者和陌生人打招呼時(shí)，要特別注意使用正式的vous來(lái)稱呼對(duì)方。

　　第七站：巴西

　　Incidentally, Brazilians haven’t agreed on the number of kisses either, but numbers vary less dramatically between one and three. Further to the well-known tudo bem?, greetings include the joyously concise oi and e ai. Romanians, like their Bulgarian neighbors, sometimes add a touch of continental flair to their informal greetings with a salut! salut! or a servus for hello.

　　巧的是，巴西人間問(wèn)候的親吻數(shù)亦是不定的，不過(guò)變化的小些，從1個(gè)至3個(gè)不等。除去眾所周知的 tudo bem?(你好嗎?)，巴西人打招呼的方式包括愉悅且簡(jiǎn)短的oi和e ai。同他們的鄰居保加利亞人一樣，羅馬尼亞人有時(shí)會(huì)在他們非正式的問(wèn)候中添上一些大陸的風(fēng)格，像是salut!salut!或是servus。

　　第八站：日本

　　If all of the above greetings are too touchy-feely for you, you’ll find respite in Japan where the standard gesture is a reverential bow. No physical contact required. If a handshake does occur, make sure to still lower your gaze as a sign of respect to the other person. Small talk can be about anything, but make sure to save it until after work.

　　如果以上這些問(wèn)候方式對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)太親昵，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)日本人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問(wèn)候姿態(tài)是充滿敬意的鞠躬。不需要任何肢體接觸。如果確實(shí)要握手了，確保仍要壓低目光，以示你對(duì)對(duì)方的尊重。閑談可以圍繞任何事情展開(kāi)，可要保證等到下班后才能閑談。

　　第九站：瑞典

　　In Sweden one greets with a hej or a longer heeeeej if you’re particularly pleased to see whoever has just entered audible territory. And then you speak about the weather and Eurovision.

　　瑞典的人們以hej問(wèn)好，如果你特別樂(lè)意看見(jiàn)那人，那么會(huì)用更長(zhǎng)的heeeej問(wèn)好。隨后你們討論的話題是天氣和歐洲電視。

　　And so it would seem that even faced with the normalizing powers of globalization, there is no such thing as a simple hello. The dissolution of distinct gradations of formality where certain behaviors are prudent is a common trend, but knowing each country’s etiquette is the first step to navigating this little gauntlet of intercultural communication.

　　這么看來(lái)，即使是面對(duì)全球化正?；牧α?，也沒(méi)有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的打招呼方式。一些行為做起來(lái)要慎重，而此正式的明顯差異漸漸消失是一個(gè)大趨勢(shì)，不過(guò)知曉每個(gè)國(guó)家的禮儀是你應(yīng)對(duì)跨文化交流這一小小挑戰(zhàn)的第一步。