外國(guó)人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話題：交通壓力

所屬教程:常用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)

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2018年09月21日

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　What is traffic pressure　什么是交通壓力

     Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic.
     Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.
     Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck); other vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed limits and easement, or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on drivers' common sense and willingness to cooperate.
     Organization typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency. Events which disrupt the flow and may cause traffic to degenerate into a disorganized mess include: road construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. On particularly busy freeways, a minor disruption may persist in a phenomenon known as traffic waves. A complete breakdown of organization may result in traffic jams and gridlock. Simulations of organized traffic frequently involve queuing theory, stochastic processes and equations of mathematical physics applied to traffic flow.
     Traffic in English is taken from the Arabic word taraffaqa, which means to walk along slowly together.
     In some places traffic volume is consistently, extremely large, either during periods of time referred to as rush hour or perpetually. Exceptionally, traffic upstream of an accident or an obstruction, such as construction, may also be constrained, resulting in a traffic jam. Such dynamics in relation to traffic congestion is known as traffic flow. Traffic engineers sometimes gauge the quality of traffic flow in terms of level of service.
     In measured traffic data, common spatiotemporal empirical features of traffic congestion have been found that are qualitatively the same for different highways in different countries. Some of these common features distinguish the wide moving jam and synchronized flow phases of congested traffic in Kerner's three-phase traffic theory.
     During business days in most major cities, traffic congestion reaches great intensity at predictable times of the day due to the large number of vehicles using the road at the same time. This phenomenon is called rush hour or peak hour, although the period of high traffic intensity often exceeds one hour.
     Some cities adopt policies to reduce rush-hour traffic and pollution and encourage the use of public transportation. For example, in S?o Paulo, Manila and in Mexico City, each vehicle has a specific day of the week in which it is forbidden from traveling the roads during rush hour. The day for each vehicle is taken from the license plate number, and this rule is enforced by traffic police and also by hundreds of strategically positioned traffic cameras backed by computerized image-recognition systems that issue tickets to offending drivers.
     In the United States and Canada, several expressways have a special lane (called an "HOV Lane" - High Occupancy Vehicle Lane) that can only be used by cars carrying two (some locations-three) or more people. Also, many major cities have instituted strict parking prohibitions during rush hour on major arterial streets leading to and from the central business district. During designated weekday hours, vehicles parked on these primary routes are subject to prompt ticketing and towing at owner expense. The purpose of these restrictions is to make available an additional traffic lane in order to maximize available traffic capacity. Additionally, several cities offer a public telephone service where citizens can arrange rides with others depending on where they live and work. The purpose of these policies is to reduce the number of vehicles on the roads and thus reduce rush-hour traffic intensity.
     Metered freeways are also a solution for controlling rush hour traffic. In Phoenix, Arizona and Seattle, Washington, among other places, metered on-ramps have been implemented. During rush hour, traffic signals are used with green lights to allow one car per blink of the light to proceed on to the freeway.
     春運(yùn)是中國(guó)在農(nóng)歷春節(jié)前后發(fā)生的一種大規(guī)模的高交通運(yùn)輸壓力的現(xiàn)象，也可以表達(dá)為transport during the Spring Festival period。春運(yùn)是一客流高峰期(peak time for passenger transport)，屆時(shí)將迎來(lái)巨大的客運(yùn)量(volume of passenger transport)，火車(chē)站會(huì)加開(kāi)列車(chē)(operate / arrange extra trains)，從而緩解交通壓力(ease the traffic pressure)，并且開(kāi)通24小時(shí)售票窗口(open 24-hour ticket sales windows)。學(xué)校會(huì)幫學(xué)生進(jìn)行火車(chē)票團(tuán)體預(yù)訂(group ticket-booking)，還有送票上門(mén)(deliver train tickets to the doorsteps)的服務(wù)。春運(yùn)期間，相關(guān)部門(mén)也會(huì)注意打擊票販子(crack down on scalpers)。
     除了春節(jié)，讓交通部門(mén)特別繁忙的時(shí)候還有 National Day放的長(zhǎng)假，這兩個(gè)節(jié)日的連續(xù)七天休假均稱(chēng)為黃金周( golden week)。

     How can we avoid traffic jam?
     我們?cè)鯓颖苊舛萝?chē)呢？
     Is the road ahead blocked?
     前邊的路堵住了嗎？
     There's a lot of traffic on the roads.
     路上有很多車(chē)。
     We can ease traffic problems by building more roads.
     我們可以通過(guò)修更多的路來(lái)緩解交通壓力問(wèn)題。
     We should be able to make it unless we get caught in a traffic jam or something.
     我們應(yīng)該能按時(shí)到，除非遇到堵車(chē)之類(lèi)的事情。
     It's always the rush hour at this time of day.
     每天這個(gè)時(shí)候都是車(chē)輛的高峰期。
     Children can travel for half price.
     兒童可以半票乘車(chē)。
     We sat bumper-to-bumper in the traffic jam.
     我們遇到了交通阻塞，汽車(chē)一輛輛首尾相接動(dòng)不了。
     The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
     我們的交通狀況令人很不滿意。
     Expanding population and influx of migrant workers are closely related to the problem.
     人口激增和外來(lái)民工的大量涌入與交通問(wèn)題息息相關(guān)。
     The Beijing municipal government has an annual budget of about 1 billion Yuan for public transport.
     北京市政府每年用于公共交通的財(cái)政預(yù)算大約為10億元。
     Urban traffic is becoming more and more problematic in China as people now have the purchasing power to buy automobiles.
     由于人們具備了購(gòu)買(mǎi)汽車(chē)的能力，中國(guó)城市的交通問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。
     Thousands of vehicles are added to the streets of Beijing alone each month. It has worsened as China develops and private ownership of vehicles becomes the dream of every family.
     北京大街上的機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)以每月數(shù)千輛的速度增加。隨著中國(guó)的發(fā)展，每個(gè)家庭都?jí)粝霌碛兴郊臆?chē)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題已變得日益嚴(yán)重了。
     It should be obvious that detailed traffic planning is needed, as the solutions may in many respects add to the traffic congestion.
     很明顯，由于這些解決方案會(huì)在許多方面加劇交通堵塞的情況，因此需要細(xì)致的交通計(jì)劃。
     The increase in vehicles is creating a large problem as traffic jams increase.
     隨著交通堵塞情況的增多，機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)數(shù)量的增加引發(fā)了很大的問(wèn)題。
     Generally, private car owners were reportedly more likely to oppose more restrictions on vehicles, while non-car owners were more likely to approve.
     總體上來(lái)說(shuō)，有車(chē)一族反對(duì)私家車(chē)的限制政策，無(wú)車(chē)一族則支持此政策。
     Beijing is to ban vehicles with even and odd-numbered license plates on alternate days from July 20 to Sep.20 to help improve air quality for the Olympic Games, the city has announced.
     北京市宣布從7月20日到9月20日實(shí)行單雙號(hào)限行制度以使奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間的空氣質(zhì)量得以提高。
     Though the plan was widely expected, its duration could encourage Beijing's more-affluent drivers to attempt to evade the measures by switching license plates or using alternate cars.
     該措施在公眾的普遍預(yù)期之中，不過(guò)，北京有錢(qián)的車(chē)主們可能會(huì)通過(guò)換車(chē)牌或是使用替代車(chē)輛的辦法來(lái)逃避限行。
     Several multinational companies already have purchased or made arrangements to purchase alternate license plates for their fleets to enable ease of movement, people familiar with the matter said.
     據(jù)知情人士透露，數(shù)家跨國(guó)公司已經(jīng)或計(jì)劃為公司車(chē)隊(duì)的車(chē)輛購(gòu)置有單有雙的車(chē)牌，以方便車(chē)輛出行。

     Passenger: Taxi! Taxi!
     乘客：出租車(chē)!出租車(chē)!
     Taxi driver: Where to go, sir?
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：先生，去哪？
     Passenger: I'd like to go to the railway station please.
     乘客：我要去火車(chē)站。
     Taxi driver: Please hop in.
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：上來(lái)吧。
     Passenger: How far to the station?
     乘客：到火車(chē)站有多遠(yuǎn)啊？
     Taxi driver: It'll take about more than one hour.
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：大概要一個(gè)多小時(shí)。
     Passenger: The streets are heavy with traffic at this time of day, aren't they?
     乘客：這個(gè)時(shí)候路上堵車(chē)很?chē)?yán)重吧？
     Taxi driver: Yes, they are. It's always the rush hour at this time of day. Are you in a hurry sir?
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：是的。每天這個(gè)時(shí)候都會(huì)堵車(chē)。您很急嗎？
     Passenger: Yes, my ticket is half past seven, I'm in a hurry.
     乘客：是的，我的火車(chē)票是七點(diǎn)半的，我很著急。
     Taxi driver: Well, you should take the number one subway.
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：那么你應(yīng)該乘地鐵一號(hào)線。
     Passenger: Is there a station here?
     乘客：這附近有地鐵站嗎？
     Taxi driver: Yes. The station is in that way. It will take you only 40minuts.
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：有。地鐵站就在那邊。乘地鐵只需要40分鐘。
     Passenger: Thank you very much.
     乘客：非常感謝。
     Taxi driver: My pleasure. Good luck.
     出租車(chē)司機(jī)：不客氣。祝你好運(yùn)。

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