代詞是代替名詞或起名詞作用的短語或句子的詞。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和關系代詞九類。
1.反身代詞的概念與形式
表示“我自己,你自己,他(她、它)自己,我們自己,你們自己,他們自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。第一、二人稱是在形容詞性物主代詞后加self或selves構(gòu)成,第三人稱是在人稱代詞賓格后加self或selves構(gòu)成。
2.反身代詞用法4注意
(1)反身代詞作動詞賓語,經(jīng)常用在下列動詞后構(gòu)成固定詞組。enjoy oneself玩得開心,過得愉快;teach oneself自學;hurt oneself傷著自己;introduce oneself to sb.向某人作自我介紹;dress oneself給自己穿衣服。反身代詞還可以用在to,for,by,of,like等介詞后作介詞的賓語。如:
He is talking to himself.他在自言自語。
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.你必須照顧好自己,保持健康。
She taught herself English.她自學英語。
(2)反身代詞作主語或賓語的同位語,起強調(diào)主語或賓語的作用,譯為“本身、本人、親自”等。如:
Did you make the cake yourself?這蛋糕是你親自做的嗎?(yourself作主語you的同位語)
He himself was a doctor.他本人是個醫(yī)生。(himself作主語he的同位語)
The work itself isn't difficult.那項工作本身并不難。(itself做主語work的同位語)
(3)反身代詞用在be,feel,look,seem等連系動詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)處于正常。如:I'm not myself today.我今天感覺不舒服。
He is feeling himself again.他覺得自己健康如初。
(4)反身代詞還用于一些固定詞組或簡短會話中。如:
Help yourself to some meat.請隨便吃些肉吧。
Make yourself at home.別客氣。
注意:
反身代詞在句子中要與句子的人稱和數(shù)保持一致,切不可隨意使用。如:He didn't often go to look for food himself.他自己不經(jīng)常去尋找食物。
【中考速遞】
1.[吉林中考考題] Last month,I went to the computer museum with my parents.We enjoyed _____ and learned a lot.
A.us B.ourselves C.our
2.[四川達州中考考題] — Would you please come to play soccer with me?
— Sorry!My 5-year-old brother can't look after _____.
A.him B.himself C.his D.he
3.[四川成都中考考題] It's true that we are not born for _____.
A.us B.ours C.ourselves
4.[四川成都中考考題] — Liu Mei can speak Japanese so well!Who taught her?
— Nobody.She taught _____.
A.her B.hers C.herself
【答案點撥】
1.答案:B 句意:“上個月,我和父母一起去了計算機博物館,我們玩得很開心還學到了許多?!眅njoy oneself意為“玩得開心;過得愉快”,故選B。
2.答案:B 句意:“你能來和我一起踢足球嗎?”“很抱歉!我五歲的弟弟不能照顧自己?!敝髡ZMy 5-year-old brother與介詞after后的賓語為同一人,用反身代詞himself表示“他自己”。故選B。
3.答案:C 句意:我們不是為自己而生,這是真的。強調(diào)某人自己,用反身代詞。故選C。
4.答案:C 句意:“劉梅日語說得這么好,誰教的她???”“沒人,她自學的?!眛each oneself是固定短語,意為“自學”,故選C。