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[初中]全新英語語法07-7 12組常用易混副詞的用法辨析

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2021年12月03日

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副詞是表示行為特征的詞,主要用來修飾動詞,也可用來修飾形容詞、副詞、介詞短語以及句子,表示時間、地點、方式、程度、疑問等。

07-7 12組常用易混副詞的用法辨析

1.ago和before

ago 表示“……以前”,是指以現(xiàn)在的時間為起點的“以前”,通常用于一般過去時;before 表示“……以前”,指以過去的時間為起點的以前,還可以單獨使用表示“以前”,常用于完成時態(tài)。如:

He arrived here two hours ago .他是兩小時前到達的這兒。

He said that he had seen her two days before .他說他兩天前見到過她。

I have never been there before .我以前從未去過那里。

注意:

before還可用作連詞和介詞表示“在……以前”,而ago只用作副詞不能用作連詞和介詞。

2.almost和nearly

almost 和nearly 都表示“幾乎、差不多”,其用法區(qū)別是:

(1)almost 可以和no,never,none,nothing,nobody等表示否定意義的詞連用,而nearly 不能和這些詞連用。如:

The speaker said almost nothing worth listening.演講者幾乎沒講出什么值得聽的東西。

(2)almost 可用在more than,too之前,nearly 不能。如:

That's almost too much.那簡直太過分了。

(3)nearly 可以和not連用,not nearly 是“遠不如”的意思,而almost 不與not單獨使用。如:The money will not be nearly enough for my journey.這錢遠不夠我旅行用。

(4)當表示“接近”或“就要到了”時,用nearly ;而表達“不足”或“尚差一點兒”時用almost 。如:The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.那球重重地打在他身上,他幾乎就要掉下水去。

Dreams of finding lost treasure almost came true.尋找丟失的金銀財寶的夢想幾乎實現(xiàn)了。

注意:

一般來說,almost和nearly有時候可以通用,但almost的差距要比nearly小,如果說再有五分鐘就吃午飯了,可說:It's almost lunch time.馬上就開午飯了。如果說距離吃午飯時間還有十五分鐘,就應當說:It's nearly lunch time.快到午飯時間了。

3.aloud,loud和loudly

■aloud 表示“高聲地、大聲地”,常與read,think等詞連用,指這些動作發(fā)出的聲音,具有使人能聽得到的意味,總位于動詞的后面。aloud 無比較級和最高級形式,也不用程度副詞修飾。如:Please read this passage aloud .請大聲朗讀這篇文章。

■loud 表示“大聲地、響亮地、高聲地”,常與talk,speak,shout,laugh,sing等詞連用,指談、笑、說、叫、唱或哭的嗓門高、聲音大,在句子中多用比較級形式。如。I can't hear you.Please speak a little louder .我聽不見你說的話。請大點聲說。

■loudly 表示“大聲地、高聲地”,多含有喧鬧之意,往往有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動詞之前或之后。如:Don't talk so loudly .I'm listening to a story.別大聲吵嚷了。我在聽講故事。

4.already和yet

already 和yet 通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。already 用于肯定句,置于實義動詞前,助動詞后,表示“已經(jīng)”,yet 用于疑問句和否定句,通常置于句末;yet 在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”,在否定句中意為“還”。如:

He has already come back.他已經(jīng)回來了。

Have you finished your homework yet ?你已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了嗎?

I haven't finished my homework yet .我還沒有完成作業(yè)。

注意:

①already有時也用于過去時態(tài),但謂語動詞須是延續(xù)性動詞。如:

He was already in the room when I arrived.當我到達的時候他已經(jīng)在房間里了。

②already有時用于疑問句中,但往往含有驚訝、驚奇的意味。如:

It's only ten o'clock.Is he back already?才十點鐘,他已經(jīng)回來了?

Have you eaten your dinner already?你已經(jīng)吃飯了嗎?

③not yet意思是“還沒有”,常用于口語中,可直接回答完成時態(tài)的一般疑問句。如:

— Have you taken your medicine?你吃藥了嗎?

— Not yet.還沒有。

5.also,too,either和as well

■also 表示“也”,在用法上比too正式,多用于書面語或正式的場合,口語中用得較少,一般只用于肯定句,在句中位于be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞的后面,行為動詞的前面,而不放在句子末尾。有時候also 也可放在否定的陳述句中,但不能放在否定詞的后面。如:

He can speak English and he can also speak French.他會說英語,也會說法語。

He did not know about it and I also did not know about it.他不知道那件事,我也不知道。

■too 表示“也”,常用于口語,通常用于肯定句中,也可用于一般疑問句,too 通常置于句末,其前用逗號與句子隔開,其后用句號;有時也可插入句子中間,這時too 前后都要用逗號。如:If you buy a car,you'll need a parking place,too .如果你買輛車,你還將需要一個停車場地。I,too,have been to the Great Wall.我也去過長城。

■either 只能用于否定句,表示“也不”,放在句末,其前用逗號,其后用句號。如:

Tom hasn't been to Beijing.I haven't been there,either .湯姆沒去過北京,我也沒去過那里。

■as well 表示“也、還”,通常用于肯定句,多用于口語,只用在句末,其前不能用逗號隔開。如:She can speak Chinese quite well and she can speak Japanese as well .她漢語說得很好,且她還會說日語。

6.before long和long before

■before long 意思是“不久,很快,不久以后”,相當于soon,表示某事發(fā)生相隔的時間不長。多用于將來時或過去時態(tài)。如:

I hope to hear from you before long .我希望不久就能收到你的來信。

I think the shoes will fit me quite well before long .我想那雙鞋很快就會適合我的。

■long before 意思是“很久以前,長時間以前”,表示過去,多與過去時態(tài)連用。如:

He said he had read the novel long before .他說他很久以前看過這篇小說。

I saw this movie long before .我很久以前就看過這部電影。

We heard of it long before .我們老早就聽說過這件事情。

7.especially,specially和particularly

■especially 表示“特別,格外,尤其”,指有意突出到明顯或例外的程度,多用于正式文體,側(cè)重某事物超過其他全部,突出到“特別地”程度。如:

He has been especially busy this week.他這星期特別忙。

I like the country especially in spring.我喜歡鄉(xiāng)村,尤其在春天。

■specially 表示“特別地,專門地”,著重為達到某一目的而“專門地、特意地”去做某事,相當于on purpose。如:

I specially came here to ask you a question.我是專門來問你一個問題的。

I bought this computer specially for you.我特地為你買了這臺電腦。

■particularly 表示“特別地”,用來指同類中特別突出的一個,強調(diào)獨特性或與眾不同,側(cè)重于以不同的方式突出某一事物的個性或獨特之處,常用來修飾形容詞、副詞或分詞。如:He isn't particularly clever.他不是特別地聰明。

8.much too和too much

■much too 表示“太……”,用來修飾形容詞或副詞,放在形容詞或副詞的前面。如:

This problem is much too difficult.這道題太難了。

■too much 表示“太……”,用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,放在不可數(shù)名詞的前面。如:

I've got too much work to do.我有太多的工作要做。

9.no more,not any more,no longer和not any longer

■no more 表示“不再……,再也不……”時,一般位于句尾或句首。如:

I see him no more .我再也見不到他了。

注意:

當涉及數(shù)量和程度時,要用no more或not ...any more。常用來修飾表示終止性的動詞go,leave,buy等,表示某個動作或狀態(tài)不再延續(xù)下去。如:

We saw him no more=We didn't see him any more.我們再也沒有看到他。

■not ...any more 表示“不再……”,用法與no more相同,但在句中的位置不同,not通常與助動詞一起構(gòu)成否定式,any more獨立于句末。如:

I won't go there any more.我不會再去那里了。

■no longer 表示“不再……,再也不……”時,一般位于實義動詞之前,助動詞或連系動詞之后,或者位于句尾或句首。如:

I see him no longer .我再也見不到他了。

注意:

①not ...any longer表示“不再……”,用法與no longer相同,但在句中的位置不同,not通常與助動詞一起構(gòu)成否定式,any longer獨立于句末。如:

He doesn't work here any longer.他不再在這里工作了。

The teacher doesn't live here any longer.那位老師不再住在這兒了。

②當談到時間、距離,強調(diào)今昔對比時,要用no longer或not ...any longer。常用來修飾延續(xù)性動詞,如live,stay,wait,work等。He is not young any longer.他不再年輕了。

10.probably,perhaps,maybe和possibly

■probably 表示“大概、或許、很可能”,指某事的發(fā)生很有可能或十之八九,其語義較強,側(cè)重有根據(jù)、合情合理地推測,表示可能性很大。如:

It will probably be fine tomorrow.明天大概會是晴天。

Most of us probably like pop music.我們大多數(shù)人或許喜歡流行音樂。

They probably didn't try hard enough.他們很可能不夠努力。

The news was probably true.這消息很可能是真的。

■perhaps 表示的可能性較小,僅表示一種無根據(jù)的猜測。一般放在句首。如:

Perhaps you would like to join us for lunch.也許您愿意和我們一塊去吃午飯。

■maybe 意思是“也許、可能”,表示的可能性較大,而且比較口語化,常位于句首,表示疑惑,含有推測之意。如:

— Will they come?他們會來嗎?

— Maybe not.可能不會來。

Maybe she'll come this afternoon.她可能今天下午來。

Maybe you put the letter in your pockets.大概你把信放在衣袋里了。

■possibly 強調(diào)客觀存在的可能性,但表示的可能性小,常與may,can等詞連用。如:

You can't possibly walk 20 miles in an hour.你一小時不可能走二十英里。

I will come as soon as I possibly can.我盡可能快點來。

注意:

①probably在句子中的位置可以是句首、句中或句末;但在否定句中,probably不能緊跟在否定詞之后。請看下面的例句:

譯:她大概不會來這里。

正:Probably she won't come here.

正:She probably won't come here.

正:She won't come here probably.

誤:She won't probably come here.

②probably,perhaps,maybe按事情發(fā)生的可能性從大到小依次排列為:probably→perhaps→maybe→possibly。

11.silently和quietly

■silently 意為“無聲地、寂靜地、靜靜地”,指某人所處的環(huán)境是無聲音地,不發(fā)出聲音地。如:The girl sat in the room silently .那個女孩坐在房間里一聲不吭。

■quietly 意為“輕聲地、悄聲地、靜靜地”,指不發(fā)出很大的噪音,或發(fā)出的聲音極小,以至于別人不易察覺或聽不到。如:

The boy spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear him.那男孩說的聲音很小,我?guī)缀趼牪灰姟?/p>

12.sometime,sometimes,some time和some times

■sometime 是表示時間的副詞,意為“某個時候、某天”,指某個不明確的時間,常用于將來時態(tài)或過去時態(tài),如:

We'll take our holiday sometime in August.我們將在八月份的某個時候休假。

It happened sometime last month.這件事情發(fā)生在上個月的某個時候。

■sometimes 是表示頻率的副詞,意思是“有時、間或”,可用于句首、句中或句末,通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。如:Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday.有時他星期天去看電影.

■some time 是名詞短語,表示“一段時間、一些時間”,其中的time是不可數(shù)名詞,常用于完成時、過去時和將來時。如:

They have been in our school for some time .他們已在我們學校呆了一段時間了。

It'll take some time to finish reading the novel.看完那本小說需要一段時間。

■some times 是名詞短語,表示“幾次、幾倍”,其中的time是可數(shù)名詞,意思是“次、倍”。如:I have been to Qingdao for some times .青島我去過好幾次了。

【中考速遞】

1.[貴州銅仁中考考題] — His handwriting is very careful.

— Yeah.With the help of him,his sister writes as _____ as him.

A.care B.careful

C.more carefully D.carefully

2.[湖北荊州中考考題] — What do you think of your English teacher?

— He is great.No one teaches _____ in our school.

A.best B.better C.well D.good

3.[江蘇常州中考考題] The coach thinks _____ of Mary's sports talents,for she jumped very _____ at the sports meeting.

A.high;high B.highly;highly

C.high;highly D.highly;high

4.[廣西南寧中考考題] I have _____ finished my homework.I finished it an hour ago.

A.yet B.already C.ever D.never

5.[甘肅天水中考考題] In the reading class,the _____ you are,the _____ you can find answers in the passage.

A.careful;easily B.more careful;more easily

C.carefuler;easier D.more careful;easier

【答案點撥】

1.答案:D 句意:“他的書寫很認真?!薄笆堑?,在他的幫助下,他妹妹和他寫得一樣認真?!?as ...as中間用副詞原級,故選D。

2.答案:B 句意:“你覺得你的英語老師怎么樣?”“他棒極了。在我們學校沒有一個人教得比他更好?!庇删湟饪芍@里用副詞的比較級,故選B。

3.答案:D 句意:教練高度評價Mary的運動天賦,因為她在運動會上跳得很高。前者考查固定短語think highly of意為“高度評價”;后面考查用副詞修飾動詞作狀語,修飾具體的“高”用high。故選D。

4.答案:B 句意:我已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。我是一個小時前完成的??隙ň渲斜硎尽耙呀?jīng)”用already,故選B。

5.答案:B 句意:在閱讀課上,你越仔細,在短文中找到答案就越容易。表示“越……,就越……”用“the+比較級,the+比較級”句型;由第一空后的連系動詞are可知此處用形容詞careful;由第二空后的謂語動詞find可知用副詞easily,其比較級是more easily。故選B。

【語法專練 體驗中考】

1.[四川巴中] — Has your sister finished reading _____?

— Yes.She has _____ finished it.

A.yet;yet B.yet;already C.already;yet

2.[山東青島] _____,we saw the sun rise on top of Mount Tai.

A.Lucky B.Luckily C.Unlucky D.Unluckily

3.[山東濟寧] In order to pass the exam,you need to work much _____ now.

A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.hardly

4.[山東濱州] — Can you catch what I said?

— Sorry,I can _____ understand it because you speak very quickly.

A.almost B.probably C.mostly D.hardly

5.[廣西賀州] John speaks English as _____ as Mike.They are both good at English.

A.good B.well C.better D.best

6.[湖北黃岡] — How often do you have a school trip this term?

— _____.Since several accidents happened to some schools,all the school outdoor activities have been asked to stop.

A.Always B.Hardly ever C.Sometimes D.Often

7.[北京考題] I jumped _____ than Bill in the sports meet last year.

A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest

8.[湖北鄂州] — It rained _____ and lasted for a long time.

— That's terrible.Even some streets were full of water.

A.hardly B.strongly C.heavily D.lightly

9.[廣東考題] According to a recent survey,_____ three fifths of working mothers in China don't want to have a second child.

A.mostly B.especially C.partly D.nearly

【答案速遞】

1.B 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.D


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