動詞是表示人或事物的動作或狀態(tài)的詞。根據(jù)動詞在句中的功能,動詞可分為實義動詞、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞四類。而實義動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài),并具有實際行為含義,在句子中能獨立作謂語的動詞。實義動詞也稱為行為動詞。
1.agree with,agree to和agree on
■agree with ...指“同意某人或某人的意見、觀點、決定、想法、安排、解釋”等,其后可以是一個名詞,也可以是what引起的從句。如:
I don't agree with you.我不同意你的意見。
I don't agree with what you said.我不同意你所說的。
■agree to是指“同意某計劃、建議、或提議”等;后跟動詞原形,意為“同意干某事”。如:Who else will agree to this suggestion besides him?除他以外,還有誰會同意這個建議呢?
We agreed to start early.我們同意早點動身。
■agree on 指在某方面取得一致的看法或意見。如:
We agreed on leaving for Beijing the next day.我們一致同意第二天去北京。
2.answer和reply
■answer是常用詞,可指口頭、筆頭,甚至行動回答,有時可與reply通用。如:
Who can answer the question?誰能回答這個問題?
Please answer the telephone.請接一下電話。
■reply 較answer正式,既可指用語言、書面作答,也可指用動作或手勢作答,常用于正式場合或書面語中,指經(jīng)過慎重考慮作出的答復。如:
I sent in my application,and the school replied immediately.我把申請書交上去,學校立即給了答復。
I don't know what to reply.我不知道該回答什么。
注意:
在表示回答問題時,answer后直接跟question;reply后要加介詞to。試比較:
answer the question回答問題;reply to the question回答問題。
3.apologize to和apologize for
■apologize to sb.相當于say sorry to sb.表示“向某人道歉”。如:
You should apologize to the old man.你應當向那老人道歉。
■apologize for sb.意為“替某人道歉或認錯”。如:
Johnny,I want to apologize for us all.約翰尼,我代表我們大家向你道歉。
注意:
apologize to后通常只接表示人的名詞或代詞,apologize for后除可接表示人代名詞或代詞外,還可接表示事物的名詞。apologize for sth.意為“因……而道歉”。如:
I must apologize for the untidy state of the room.屋子這么不整潔,實在抱歉。
I must apologize for calling you so late.實在抱歉,這么晚給您打電話。
4.argue about和argue with
■argue about指“為某事而爭論、爭吵”。如:
Don't argue about the matter any more.不要再為那件事爭論不休了。
■argue with 指“與某人爭吵、爭論或吵架”。如:
The two brothers often argue with each other.那兩兄弟經(jīng)?;ハ酄幊?。
注意:
表示“因某事與某人爭吵”或“與某人辯論某事”為argue with sb.about sth.或argue against sb.on sth.如:
They argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.他們與服務員為飯錢而爭吵起來。
5.arrive,reach和get to
■arrive是不及物動詞,其后不能直接跟表示地點的名詞,與at或in連用后可以跟表示地點的名詞;表示使用某種交通工具到達時常用arrive。如:
Has the train arrived?火車到達了嗎?
They arrived at the village on a rainy night.他們在一個雨夜里到達了那個村莊。
注意:
arrive at指到達較小的地方,如車站、機場、碼頭、學校、工廠、商店等。如:
It was dark when I arrived at the airport.我到達機場時天就黑了。
arrive in指到達較大的地方,如村莊、城鎮(zhèn)、地區(qū)、國家等。如:
When did you arrive in Beijing yesterday?你昨天什么時候到達的北京?
■reach是及物動詞,正式用語,其后直接跟表示地點的名詞。如:
He reached Japan on October the second 2017.他于2017年10月2日到達日本。
■get to是短語動詞,相當于及物動詞,在口語中用的多,使用的范圍也很廣,不管是步行還是乘車、乘船、乘飛機等到達目的地或中途暫停都可以用。如:
Can you tell me how I can get to the airport?你能告訴我到機場怎么走嗎?
注意:
當arrive,get to后跟副詞home,here,there時,arrive后不再用at或in,get后不再用to。如:
When the train arrived here,it was raining hard.火車到達這兒的時候,正在下著大雨。
When did you get home?你什么時候到家的?
6.be,become,get和turn
■be表示“成為”時,多用于將來時、祈使句或不定式。如:
I would like to be a bus-driver.我想成為一名公共汽車司機。
My younger sister wants to be a movie star.我妹妹想當一名電影明星。
■become多指身份、職位等的變化,強調(diào)變化的過程已經(jīng)完成,后面可接名詞或形容詞。如:
Later the boy became an artist.后來那男孩成為一名畫家。
Her mother became angry when she heard the news.她媽媽聽到這個消息時非常生氣。
■get多用于口語,表示一種變化過程,強調(diào)的是“漸漸變得”,后常接形容詞的比較級。如:
It's getting darker and darker outside.戶外天色越來越暗。
In winter the days get shorter.冬季白天變得較短。
■turn指在顏色和性質(zhì)等方面與以前的完全不同,強調(diào)變化的結(jié)果。如:
Leaves turned brown in the mountains.山里的樹葉已變成了棕色。
7.be about to和be going to
■be about to do意為“就要、即將干某事”,指最近的將來,表示動作馬上就要發(fā)生。如:
Don't leave now.We are about to have lunch.現(xiàn)在不要走,我們馬上就要吃午飯了。
■be going to意為“即將、打算干某事”,表示對某事事先有準備、有計劃或有打算,也可表示預計要發(fā)生或不可避免要發(fā)生的事。如:
Look,it's cloudy.It's going to rain.看,天開始陰沉沉的,要下雨了。
注意:
be about to本身已清楚地表示出即將到來的短暫時刻,故句子中不能與at once,immediately及表示具體的將來的時間連用。如:
I'm about to go.我馬上過去。(不能說成:I'm about to go at once.或I'm about to go tomorrow.)
8.be angry about,be angry at和be angry with
■be angry about指對某事生氣,其后跟表示某事的名詞或代詞。如:
He was angry about the noises in the next room.他因隔壁房間的吵鬧而生氣。
■be angry at指對某人的言行生氣。如:
He was angry at her answer.他對她的回答很生氣。
■be angry with指對某人生氣,其后跟表示人的名詞或代詞。如:
She is angry with me.她在生我的氣。
9.beat和win
■beat后接表示人及人的群體名詞或代詞作賓語,常用于游戲或比賽中戰(zhàn)勝某人或打敗某人。如:Our class beat Class One in the table tennis match yesterday.昨天我們班在乒乓球比賽中贏了一班。
■win后接表示事物的名詞或代詞作賓語,在句子中通常與game,match,prize等詞搭配,表示在某項活動或比賽中獲勝。如:
Who won the game?誰贏了那場比賽。
She won the first place in the competition.她在比賽中獲得第一名。
[一言辨異] Yesterday I beat my classmate at chess.He won only one set,while I won two sets.昨天下棋我贏了我同學。他只贏了一盤,而我贏了兩盤。
10.believe和believe in
■believe指相信某人或某人說的話。強調(diào)人或事的誠實和真實性。如:
Don't you believe me?難道你不相信我嗎?
I don't believe until I see it with my own eyes.我親眼看到后我才相信。
■believe in指信賴或信任某人的人格、力量等;也指信奉某宗教、神等。如:
We believe in him,for he is always careful with everything.我們信任他是因為他做什么事情都很認真。
11.be made of和be made from
■be made of指從所制成的物品中能看到原材料,即原材料只發(fā)生了物理變化。如:
Our desks and chairs are all made of wood.我們的課桌和椅子都是用木材制成的。
■be made from指從所制成的物品中看不出原材料,或者說是原材料發(fā)生了化學變化。如:Some paper is made from wood.有些紙是由木材制成的。
注意:
有時,在制成品中很難斷定能否看出原材料,這時be made 后用of或from皆可。如:
Bread is made of/from flour.饅頭是用面粉做成的。
12.be out,go out和turn off
■be out表示“熄滅、滅”時,指燈、火等熄滅的狀態(tài),句子的主語通常是表示燈或火的名詞而不是人。如:
The forest fires were out at last because of two days' heavy rain.因為下了兩天雨,森林大火終于熄滅了。
■go out表示“熄滅、滅”時,側(cè)重于燈或火熄滅的動作,句子的主語是表示燈或火的名詞而不是人。如:
The lights went out at ten o'clock last night.昨夜電燈是十點鐘熄滅的。
■turn off表示“熄滅、滅”時,是指某人把燈或火熄滅,強調(diào)動作,句子的主語是人而不是表示燈或火的詞。如:
Please turn off the light before you leave the room.離開房間前請關上燈。
注意:
be out,go out表示自身的動作,即當主語是燈、火、燈火一類的詞時,用be out或go out;當主語是人時,則用turn off。如:
The fire on the hill was out yesterday.山上的火昨天就熄滅了。
Will you please turn off the TV?請關上電視好嗎?
[一言辨異] The light went out suddenly.Do you know who turned it off?電燈突然滅了,你知道是誰關的嗎?
13.be pleased at,be pleased with和be pleased to
■be pleased at指“因……高興”,其后常常跟動名詞。如:
We are pleased at hearing of your success.聽說你獲得成功,我們都感到很高興。
■be pleased with指“對……感到高興;對……感到滿意”,其后的賓語可以是物,也可以是人。如:
The boss was pleased with John's work.老板對約翰的工作是滿意的。
They were very pleased with the boy.他們對那個男孩很滿意。
■be pleased to指“高興做……;樂意做……;因做……而感到高興”,其后要用動詞原形。如:
I am very pleased to help you.我非常樂意幫助你。
注意:
be pleased at與be pleased with有時候可以互換使用,這時其后只能接名詞。如:
He is pleased with (at)the bike.那輛自行車他很滿意。
14.be proud for和be proud of
■be proud for指“為……感到驕傲、自豪”,強調(diào)主語設身處地地為他人取得的成就而感到自豪。如:You have four books published so far,I am proud for you.到目前為止,你已出版四本書了,我為你感到自豪。
■be proud of指“因……感到驕傲、自豪”,一般指因自己有了某人、某物或某成就而感到驕傲或自豪。如:
He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.他為女兒能說四種語言而驕傲。
15.be strict in和be strict with
■be strict in指在某一方面或某事上對自己要求嚴格,in后接表示某事的名詞。如:
We all must be strict in our study.我們都必須在學習上嚴格要求自己。
■be strict with指對某人嚴格要求,with后接表示人的名詞。如:
Our teacher is very strict with all of us.我們老師對我們大家要求很嚴格。
注意:
be strict后跟反身代詞表示對某人自己嚴格要求用with,不能用in。如:
We should be strict with ourselves in our study at school.在學校我們應當在學習上嚴格要求自己。
16.be used to和get used to
■be used to指已經(jīng)習慣于某一客觀事實或狀態(tài),并不強調(diào)動作。如:
He is used to the weather here.他已經(jīng)習慣于這里的天氣。
■get used to指的是從不習慣到習慣這樣一個過程的轉(zhuǎn)變,強調(diào)動作,還往往包含克服困難去適應的意思。如:
In the end he got used to the weather here.最后他終于習慣于這里的天氣了。
注意:
be used to和get used to后跟動詞時要用動名詞形式。如:
They are used to getting up early in the morning.他們已習慣于早上早起床了。
17.be used to和used to
■be used to表示“已經(jīng)習慣于干某事”,指某動作過去不常做而現(xiàn)在已習慣做了,強調(diào)目前的情況。to后接名詞或動名詞。如:
The teacher is used to going to bed late in the evening.老師已習慣于晚上晚睡覺。
■used to表示“過去常常干某事”,指過去經(jīng)常性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在已不再那樣,側(cè)重與現(xiàn)在的比較;to后用動詞原形。如:
The woman used to help the others in troubles.那婦女過去常常幫助有困難的人。
He used to play basketball after school.他過去放學后常常打籃球。
注意:
①used to do表示“過去常常干……”;used to be 表示“過去常常是……”。如:
The old man used to be a great airplane driver.那位老人過去是一位出色的飛機駕駛員。
The young pioneers used to help the old man carry water after school.那些少先隊員過去常常在放學后幫那位老人打水。
②be used to do表示“……被用來做……”,其后的不定式作主語補足語。如:
Computers are used to help people do many things.電腦被用來幫助人們做很多事情。
18.borrow,lend和keep
■borrow 指從主語的角度“借進、借入”,表示“從(向)……借……,自己暫時使用”,常與from連用,構(gòu)成borrow sth.from sb.句型。如:
You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以從圖書館借那本字典。
■lend 指“把……借給”,表示將自己的東西借給別人,常與to連用,構(gòu)成lend sth.to sb.句型。如:I have lent my bike to Xiao Li。我把自行車借給小李了。
■keep指借閱或保留多長時間,常與how long,for引起的時間連用。如:
How long may I keep the book?這本書我可以借多長時間?
[一言辨異] I have an MP3 here,you can borrow it and keep it for two weeks,but you mustn't lend it to others.我這兒有一款MP3,你可以借去用,而且可以借用兩周,但是你不能把它借給別人。
19.bring,take,carry,fetch和get
■bring 指從別處把東西或人帶來、拿來。如:
He brought a new book with him.他帶來一本新書。
■take 指把東西帶走或拿走。如:
Please take the letter to the post office.請把這封信帶到郵局去。
■carry 指帶較重的東西,不強調(diào)動作的方向性。如:
Let me carry the box for you.讓我替你拿這個箱子吧。
■fetch 指到別處去把某人或某物帶來或拿來,有去回雙程的意味。如:
Please fetch some chalk for me.請去給我拿些粉筆來。
■get 是常用詞,多用于口語,與fetch 同義。如:
Go and get some water.去打些水來。
20.buy,afford和get
■buy指花錢購買,側(cè)重于購買的行為。如:
I bought a bike last week.上周我買了一輛自行車。
■afford指有足夠的錢買某物,側(cè)重于購買者的經(jīng)濟能力。如:
I was not able to afford a new car.我買不起新車。
■get指買到某物,側(cè)重于購買的結(jié)果。如:
She got two tickets for today's train.她買了兩張今天的火車票。
注意:
①buy是短暫動作的動詞,在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中不能與how long及for引起的一段時間連用。在表示某物買了多長時間時要用have代替buy。如:
I have had the dictionary for two years.這本字典我買了兩年了。
How long have you had your bike?你的自行車買了多長時間了?
②can't afford to buy sth.意為“買不起……”;can't afford to waste sth.意為“浪費不起”。
21.catch a cold和have a cold
■catch a cold表示“感冒”,強調(diào)動作,但不能延續(xù)。如:我們可以說He caught a cold.他感冒了。但不可以說He has caught a cold for two days.他感冒已兩天了。
■have a cold表示“感冒”,強調(diào)狀態(tài),可以延續(xù),有時可以與catch a cold通用。如:
The boy often has/catches a cold.那男孩經(jīng)常感冒。
He has had a cold for three days.他已感冒三天了。
注意:
①catch a cold中的冠詞a 可以省略,而have a cold中的冠詞a則不能省略。如:
正:Be careful not to catch cold.當心別感冒。
誤:Be careful not to have cold.當心別感冒。
②cold前面若有形容詞修飾時,catch a cold中的冠詞a則不能省去。如:
正:He seemed to have caught a very bad cold.他好像患了重感冒。
誤:He seemed to have caught very bad cold.他好像患了重感冒。
22.close和shut
■close常指把開著的門窗、盒子、箱子等關閉起來,其反義詞是open。如:
Did you close all the doors and windows?你把所有的門窗都關上了嗎?
■shut??膳cclose互換,但shut更強調(diào)把門窗等關好,使不能通過或打開。如:
You should shut the door before going to bed.睡覺之前你應當把門關好。
注意:
①表示關閉公路、鐵路、或交通渠道時,一般只用close而不用shut。如:
They've closed the road for repairs.他們已關閉這條公路,要翻修。
②下列表示語氣比較重或比較粗暴的句子中僅用shut,而不用close。如:
Shut up!閉嘴!
Shut the bloody door!關上那個鬼門!
He shut his eyes to the severe reality.對于這嚴峻的現(xiàn)實,他閉著眼睛假裝看不見。
23.collect和gather
■collect 指有目的、有計劃、有挑選地精心收集。如:
He collected a lot of valuable stamps.他收集了許多有價值的郵票。
■gather指一點點地收集,或把分散的東西集中到一塊。如:
The country girl gathered some firewood.那個農(nóng)家姑娘拾了些柴火。
24.cost,take,pay和spend
■cost表示“花費”時既可以指花費時間,也可以指花費金錢,句子的主語通常是物或事,只有主動式,沒有被動式。如:
The pen cost me ten yuan.這只鋼筆花了我十元錢。
The job cost a lot of time.那項工作花了很多的時間。
■take常用來指花費時間,句子的主語通常是it作形式主語放在句首,真正主語動詞不定式放在句末。如:
It takes me three hours to go there.我去那兒需要花三個小時。
■pay指花費金錢,句子的主語是人。如:
I paid 5,000 yuan for the computer.買那臺電腦我花了五千元錢。
■spend表示花費時,賓語通常是時間、金錢等,強調(diào)句子的主語必須是人,常用的句型有spend ...on和spend (in)doing。如:
She spent a lot of money on books.她花了很多錢買書。
She spent the whole evening (in)reading.她把整個晚上都用來讀書。
[一句多譯] 我爸爸買那輛車花了十二萬元。
◇The car cost my father 120,000 yuan.
◇It took my father 120,000 yuan to buy the car.
◇My father paid 120,000 yuan for the car.
◇My father spent 120,000 yuan on the car.
◇My father spent 120,000 yuan buying the car.
25.die of和die from
■die of指因疾病、年老、悲傷或饑餓等而死亡。如:
The old man died of SARS.這位老人死于非典。
■die from指死于非命,即因事故等外部原因而致死。如:
Thousands of people die from traffic accidents every year.每年有成千上萬的人死于交通事故。
26.deal with和do with
■deal with常與how連用,表示處理的方式。如:
How are you going to deal with the TV set?你打算怎么處理這臺電視機?
■do with往往與what搭配使用,表示處理的結(jié)果。如:
What are you going to do with the camera you found?你打算怎么處理你找到的那部照相機?
27.dislike和hate
■dislike指不喜歡、討厭、反感、憎惡,表示認為某人或某物使人不愉快從而不喜歡他們,沒有hate所表達的感情強烈。如:
I dislike his way of talking.我不喜歡他說話的方式。
■hate指對某人、物或行為表示極大的不滿或厭惡,有時含有敵視并傷害對方的意思。如:
We hate our enemy.我們憎恨我們的敵人。
28.dress,wear,put on和have on
■dress強調(diào)穿的動作,后跟表示人的名詞或代詞作賓語,只用于穿衣服,不表示穿鞋、襪或戴帽子、手套、手表等。如:
She dressed her brother every morning.她每天早上給弟弟穿衣服。
■wear強調(diào)穿、戴的狀態(tài),其后可以跟衣服、鞋帽、襪子、手套、手表等作賓語。如:
She is wearing a black jacket.今天他穿著一件黑色的夾克衫。
■put on強調(diào)穿、戴的動作,后跟衣、帽、鞋、襪等作賓語。如:
He put on his coat and hat and went out.他穿上外套、戴上帽子,然后出去了。
■have on強調(diào)穿、戴的狀態(tài),相當于wear,但have on沒有進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如:
She had on a red dress that day.那天她穿著紅色的裙子。
29.find和look for
■find意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”,側(cè)重“找”的結(jié)果。如:
Her lost watch was found yesterday.她丟失的手表昨天找到了。
■look for表示“尋找”,側(cè)重“找”的動作和過程,不強調(diào)結(jié)果。如:
What are you looking for in the room?你在房間里找什么呢?
[一言辨異] My brother looked for a job everywhere,but he hasn't found one till now yet.我哥哥到處找工作,但直到現(xiàn)在也沒找到。
30.forget和leave
■forget指大腦不能記起或回憶不出過去的人、事物或事情,其反義詞是remember。如:
I forgot his name.我忘記了他的名字。
■leave指因粗心而沒帶某物或把某物落在某處,其后往往有一個地點狀語。如:
I left my key at home.我把鑰匙忘在家里了。
He left his exercise book in the classroom.他把練習本忘在教室里了。
31.go to bed,go to sleep和fall asleep
■go to bed意為“去睡覺、就寢”,指上床睡覺這一動作,但不一定睡著。如:
I used to go to bed at eleven o'clock.我過去常常在11點睡覺。
■go to sleep意為“入睡”,指睡著了,強調(diào)睡覺的結(jié)果。如:
I often go to sleep very late in the evening.我晚上常常很晚才睡著。
■fall asleep與go to sleep用法相同,但fall asleep更強調(diào)進入睡眠的狀態(tài)。如:
When I visited him,he fell asleep in the chair.我去看他的時候,他在椅子上睡著了。
注意:
get to sleep,get into sleep,be asleep都有“入睡、睡著”的意思。get to sleep,get into sleep與go to sleep用法相同;be asleep與fall asleep用法相同。他們常常可以通用。
32.hanged和hung
■hang表示“絞死、吊死、上吊、處以絞刑”時,它的過去式和過去分詞是hanged。如:
They hanged the prisoner at dawn.拂曉時分他們絞死了犯人。
■hang表示“懸掛、吊著”時,它的過去式和過去分詞是hung。如:
They hung four new paintings in the foyer.他們在門廳懸掛著四幅新的繪畫作品。
33.happen和take place
■happen為常用詞語,指一切客觀事物或情況偶然或未能預見地發(fā)生。如:
The accident happened yesterday.事故發(fā)生在昨天。
■take place 指“發(fā)生事先計劃或預料到的事”。如:
The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.按計劃會議在八點舉行了。
34.have和there be
■have表示所屬關系,指某人或某物所有或具有。如:
I have a brother.我有個弟弟。
The table has four legs.那張桌子有四條腿。
■there be表示存在關系,指某處有某物。如:
There isn't anything interesting in today's newspaper.在今天的報紙上沒有什么有趣的東西。
注意:
①當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,have要用其第三人稱單數(shù)形式has。如:
The girl has a digital camera.那個女孩有一臺數(shù)碼相機。
②There be句型的現(xiàn)在時態(tài)形式是there is,there are;過去時態(tài)形式是there was,there were;將來時態(tài)形式是there will be;完成時態(tài)形式是there have been。如:
There will be a sports meeting in our school next week.下周我們學校將有一場運動會。
35.have a word with和have words with
■have a word with意思是“與……談話”,無論談話是內(nèi)容多少,word都不能使用復數(shù)。如:Are you free now?I want to have a word with you.你現(xiàn)在有空嗎?我想跟你談談。
■have words with意思是“與……吵架”,在表示這個意思時,word必須用復數(shù)形式。如:Fangfang had words with her husband again yesterday.芳芳昨天又和她丈夫吵架了。
注意:
have words with sb.等于quarrel with sb.都是“與某人吵架”的意思。
36.hear和listen to
■hear及物動詞,表示“聽見、聽到”,強調(diào)“聽”的結(jié)果,不一定是有意識地聽。如:
I heard someone knocking at the door just now.剛才我聽到有人在敲門。
■listen to是指有意識地“聽”,但不一定能聽見,強調(diào)“聽”的行為。如:
Please listen to the teacher carefully in class.在課堂上請認真聽老師講課。
[一言辨異] I listened to them carefully outside the door,but heard nothing.我在門外仔細地聽了聽,但什么也沒聽到。
37.hope和wish
■hope意為“希望、盼望”,指實現(xiàn)某一愿望有把握或有信心。hope后常跟動詞不定式或從句作賓語,不能直接跟名詞、動名詞或復合結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能見到你。
I hope that you will come tomorrow.我希望你明天來。
■wish意為“希望、愿望”,一般用于“難以實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望”,強調(diào)主語的主觀愿望,指“希望、愿、想”;wish還常用于祝賀句中。如:
I wish I could have a new car.我多么希望有一輛新車。
We wish you a safe journey.祝你一路平安。
38.influence和affect
■influence指通過說服、舉例等對他人的行為、思想、性格等方面所產(chǎn)生的、不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響,也可指自然力的影響。如:
What you read influences your thinking.你讀的東西對你的思想有影響。
■affect指產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應或發(fā)生變化,著重“影響”的動作,主語通常是物而不是人,指一事物對另一事物產(chǎn)生的消極影響。如:
This article will affect my thinking.這篇文章將會影響我的思想。
39.join,attend和take part in
■join指參加某個組織并成為該組織中的一個成員。如:
He joined the Party last year.他是去年入黨的。
■attend指出席,參加某場合,著重指動作。如attend a meeting出席會議;attend a lecture聽演講,聽課;attend a wedding參加婚禮。
■take part in常用來指參加某項活動,并在活動中起一定作用。如:
They took part in the game last Friday.上星期五他們參加了那項比賽。
注意:
join表示參加游戲等活動時,其后要加介詞in,如join in a game參加游戲。
40.leave和leave for
■leave意為“離開”,指從……走出或遠離,作及物動詞時,其后的名詞就是離開的地方。如:I left the school last month.我上個月離開了那所學校。
■leave for意為“動身去某地,前往某地”,強調(diào)離開的目的是為了去某地,leave for后的名詞不是離開的地點,而是要去的地方。如:
I'm going to leave for the school this afternoon.今天下午我要去那所學校。
注意:
表示“離開某地去某地”用leave ...for ...。如:
Her father left the city for Shanghai yesterday.她父親昨天離開這座城市去了上海。
41.Let's和Let us
■Let's 指向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,勸誘對方一同做某事,即“咱們?nèi)プ瞿呈掳伞?,強調(diào)我們做,對方也一起做;反意疑問句用shall we。如:
Let's have a rest,shall we?咱們休息一下,好嗎?
■Let us指向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱螅埱髮Ψ皆试S,即“讓(或允許)我們做某事”,強調(diào)對方不做,我們做;反意疑問句用will you。如:
Let us have a rest,will you?讓我們休息一下,好嗎?
42.like,love,enjoy和be fond of
■like指單純地對某人或某一事物感興趣或有好感,并經(jīng)?;蚍e極去參與。其后可以跟名詞、動詞不定式或動名詞。如:
I like English.我喜歡英語。
He likes reading aloud.他喜歡大聲朗讀。
■love 包含一定的感情色彩,意為“愛、熱愛、(深深地)喜歡”,其后可以跟名詞、動詞不定式或動名詞。如:
We love our motherland.我們熱愛我們的祖國。
The boy is a football fan and he loves watching football matches very much.那男孩是個足球迷,他很喜歡看足球比賽。
■enjoy表示“喜愛、喜歡”,側(cè)重于“欣賞、享受……的樂趣”,其后只接名詞或動名詞,不能跟動詞不定式。如:
The old man enjoys fishing.那位老人喜歡釣魚。
Mary enjoyed the gift from her boyfriend.瑪麗非常喜歡她男朋友給的禮物。
■be fond of表示“喜歡、愛好、喜好”,強調(diào)對某事有深厚的情感,近乎于嗜好、酷愛的程度。其后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞。如:
He is fond of sweet food.他喜愛甜食。
注意:
love表示“喜歡”的意思時,一般不用于否定句;love用于否定句時意為“愛”。如:
She likes him,but she doesn't love him.她喜歡他,但是她不愛他。
43.look,see和watch
■look表示“看、望”是不及物動詞,指有意識地集中精力看,但不一定看見或不強調(diào)看的結(jié)果。其后接賓語時要加介詞at。如:
She looked at me with a smile.他微笑地看著我。
■see意為“看見、看到”,強調(diào)動作的結(jié)果。其后可直接跟名詞作賓語。如:
I saw him standing at the gate.我看見他站在門口。
■watch意思是“觀看、注視”,指全神貫注地看??措娨暋⒖磻?、看比賽、看實驗以及各種表演、場面等一般用watch。如:
They watch TV only on Sunday evening.他們只在星期六晚上看電視。
They are watching a football match.他們在看足球比賽。
注意:
表示“看書、看報、看書信、看刊物、看雜志”等要用read;“看醫(yī)生”要用see。
44.pay,pay for和pay ...for
■pay意為“付款,付給,支付”,表示支付某物的費用或把錢付給某人,其后的賓語可以是金錢、賬單及各種費用等,也可以是人。如:
Who will pay our traveling expense?誰來付我們的旅行費?
He hasn't paid the mobile phone bill yet this month.他還沒有交這個月的手機費。
■pay for意為“付……的錢,為……付款”,表示為所買的東西或其他費用付款。其后的賓語是物或事等。如:
How much did you pay for the book?那本書你付了多少錢?
I have paid for the meal.飯錢我已經(jīng)付過了。
■pay ...for意為“為……付款,付給(某人)……的費用”,表示為某物或某事支付……費用,或為某事或某物付給某人款,常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有①pay some money for sth. ;②pay sb.some money for sth. ;③pay sb. for sth. 。如:
I paid ten yuan for the English book.我花了10元錢買那本英語書。
He paid me 20 yuan for the dictionary.為那本字典他給了我20元。
When will you pay us for the work?你什么時候付給我們工錢?
45.say,speak,tell和talk
■say意思是“說、說出、說道”,著重說話的內(nèi)容,多用作及物動詞。如:
He said thanks to the young man.他對那個年輕人說謝謝。
I have something to say.我有話要說。
■speak 著重講話這一動作本身,既可指系統(tǒng)的長篇講話,又可指簡單的開口發(fā)言,但不注重說的內(nèi)容。如:
The baby is learning to speak.那個嬰兒在學說話。
Our monitor will speak at the meeting.我們的班長將要在會上發(fā)言。
■tell是及物動詞,有“告訴、講……”的意思。既注重說話的內(nèi)容,又有告訴的對象,因此tell后常跟雙賓語。如:
He told her that the dress was sold.他告訴她說那件衣服賣掉了。
注意: tell a story意為“講故事”。
■talk側(cè)重與人交談時的連貫說話,指雙方之間的相互交談。如:
I'm talking to a friend.我正在與朋友談話。
46.think of,think about和think over
■think of表示“想到、想起、想出、記得”,指對以前事情的回憶或?qū)π碌氖挛锏奶岢觯蠼用~或動名詞。如:
I can't think of his name at the moment.我一時想不起他的名字。
Can you think of a good way to spend our holiday?你能想出好的方法來度過我們的假期嗎?
■think about意思是“考慮”,指對某事的思考與反思,后接名詞或動名詞。如:
Everyone is thinking about his or her future.每個人都在考慮自己的未來。
I'm thinking about changing my job.我正在考慮換一個工作。
■think over表示“仔細考慮、仔細琢磨”,含有對某問題動腦筋,努力而深入思考的意味。如:Please think over what I've said to you.請仔細想想我對你說的話。
We should think the plan over before we carry it out.我們應該先認真做好計劃再實施。
注意:
think of在疑問句中與what連用,構(gòu)成What do you think of ...?句型,表示“你覺得……怎么樣?”與How do you like ...?句型同義。如:
What do you think of the movie?你覺得那部電影怎么樣?
How do you like the bike?你覺得這輛自行車怎么樣?
47.turn on,turn off,turn up和turn down
■turn on表示“打開、旋開”,指打開自來水、燃氣等的開關及電燈、電視、收音機、電閘、電冰箱等電器的開關。如:
Don't turn on the radio.The baby is sleeping.小孩在睡覺,不要把收音機打開。
■turn off表示“關上”,指關上自來水、燃氣等的開關及電燈、電視、收音機、電閘、電冰箱等電器的開關。如:
Turn off the light when you leave the room.離開房間時關上燈。
■turn up表示“開大”,指把收音機、電視機、音響等的聲音調(diào)大,或把電燈等的亮度調(diào)高,自來水的流量開大等。如:
I can't hear a word.Please turn up the TV.我一句話也聽不見。請把電視聲音調(diào)大一些。
■turn down表示“關小、調(diào)低”,指把收音機、電視機、音響等的聲音關小,或把電燈等的亮度調(diào)低,自來水的流量關小等。如:
Would you please turn down the water?We shouldn't waste water.請把水關小點好嗎?我們不應當浪費水。
注意:
這些短語中的on,off,up,down都是副詞,后接代詞作賓語時應放在詞組的中間,后接名詞作賓語時,通常放在詞組的后面,有時候也可放在詞組的中間。如:
The radio is too loud.Can you turn it down a little?收音機聲音太大,你能關小一點嗎?
48.wake up和wake ...up
■wake up是自身的動作,表示某人自己從熟睡中或睡夢中醒來。如:
I usually wake up at six o'clock in the morning.我通常早上六點鐘醒來。
■wake ...up中間接表示人的名詞或代詞,意為“把某人叫醒、弄醒、喚醒”,wake后是被叫醒的人。如:Please wake your father up when you get up.你起床后請把你父親叫醒。
【中考速遞】
1.[云南中考考題] As long as all the Chinese people pull together,our China Dream will _____.
A.come true B.come out
C.come up D.come down
2.[吉林中考考題] Many parents have to _____ early to make breakfast for their kids.
A.get up B.stay up C.give up
3.[青海西寧中考考題] Please _____ the water when you brush your teeth.
A.turn down B.turn off C.turn on D.turn up
4.[湖北荊州中考考題] — Could you _____ me your bike,Tom?
— OK.And you can _____ it for a week.
A.lend;keep B.borrow;lend
C.lend;borrow D.borrow;keep
5.[遼寧丹東中考考題] — Let's go out for dinner.
— Great!But Clean-Up Day is two weeks from now.We can't _____ making a plan.
A.take off B.see off C.put off D.cut off
6.[湖北黃岡中考考題] — I'm sorry,Mr.Hu.I _____ my English exercise book at home.
— It doesn't matter.Please remember _____ it here this afternoon.
A.forgot;to bring B.left;to take
C.forgot;to take D.left;to bring
【答案點撥】
1.答案:A 句意:只要所有的中國人團結(jié)在一起,我們的中國夢就會實現(xiàn)。come true實現(xiàn);come out 出版,發(fā)行;come up上來;come down下來。由句意可知選A。
2.答案:A 句意:許多家長不得不早起給他們的孩子做早餐。get up起床;stay up熬夜;give up放棄。由句意可知選A。
3.答案:B 句意:你刷牙時請關上水。turn down關小;調(diào)低;turn off關掉,關閉;turn on 打開;turn up開大。由句意可知選B。
4.答案:A 句意:“你可以借給我你的自行車嗎,湯姆?”“可以。你可以借一周?!?lend 借出;borrow借入;keep保存。由句意可知第一空用lend;由答語中for a week可知第二空用keep,故選A。
5.答案:C 句意:“我們?nèi)コ酝盹埌??!薄疤昧耍〉乔鍜呷站喱F(xiàn)在只有兩周了。我們不能推遲制定計劃。” take off脫下;起飛;set off送行;put off推遲,拖延;cut off切除。由句意可知選C。
6.答案:D 句意:“對不起,胡先生,我把英語練習本忘在家里了?!薄皼]關系。請記著下午帶來?!薄鞍涯澄镞z忘在某處”用“l(fā)eave sth.+地點”;表示“帶來”用bring。故選D。
【語法專練 體驗中考】
1.[山東臨沂] Before stamps,people didn't _____ for the letters they sent,but for the letters they received.
A.pay B.cost C.spend D.take
2.[貴州銅仁] — Remember to _____ the lights when you leave the room.
— OK!I will.
A.turn on B.turn off C.turn up D.turn down
3.[黑龍江龍東] My grandfather _____ live in the countryside,but now he _____ living in the city.
A.used to;used to B.got used to;gets used to
C.used to;gets used to
4.[福建廈門] — I've made much progress in grammar.The ideas you _____ worked out fine.
— Glad I could help.
A.came up with B.ran out of C.looked up to
5.[新疆烏魯木齊] This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to _____ at Hongshan stop and take BRT Line 1.
A.take off B.put off C.get off D.get out
6.[湖北荊州] — Mum,I have nothing to do in my free time but do homework.
— My dear,you should _____ a hobby like drawing or taking photos.
A.take up B.make up C.set up D.put up
7.[廣西貴港] — When will Mr.Green _____ Beijing?
— In a week.
A.reach B.get C.arrive D.come
8.[山東濟南] More and more people have realized that we shouldn't _____ the ancient buildings in cities.
A.get off B.put off C.cut down D.pull down
9.[湖北隨州] — Don't _____ late,Betty.You have to go to school early tomorrow.
— OK,Mom.I'll go to bed right now.
A.put up B.stay up C.sit down D.fall down
10.[呼和浩特] — Jack,could you help me _____ when the plane will take off on the Internet?
— I'm sorry,but my computer doesn't work.
A.get out B.look out C.take out D.find out
11.[山東威海] Their football team was _____ in that important game.
A.won B.beaten C.failed
12.[河北考題] We need to do some research to _____ the answer.
A.find out B.look out C.hand out D.take out
13.[湖北黃岡] — You aren't supposed to smoke in public.It's bad for our health.
— Sorry,I will _____ my cigarette right now.
A.give up B.put down C.put out D.give away
14.[江蘇南京] It took me almost a whole day to _____ so many emails.
A.deal with B.cut in C.cheer for D.run out
15.[甘肅蘭州] You can _____ new words in your e-dictionary.
A.look up B.look at C.look for D.look around
【答案速遞】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.B 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.A