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[初中]全新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法16-1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

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2021年12月20日

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用一個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ),這個(gè)句子就是狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句通常用來(lái)修飾句子、動(dòng)詞或形容詞,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較等。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。

16-1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

在句中相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句叫時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常由從屬連詞when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,since,till,until等引導(dǎo)。如:

What are you going to be when you grow up ?你長(zhǎng)大以后打算干什么?

I will phone you as soon as I get there .我一到那兒就給你打電話。

1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞及用法

(1)when,while,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。如:

When the clock struck twelve ,all the lights went out.當(dāng)時(shí)鐘敲了十二下,燈全部都熄了。

While Peter was reading ,his wife was cooking.彼得看書(shū)的時(shí)候,他妻子在做飯。

He dropped the glass as he stood up .他站起來(lái)時(shí),把杯子摔碎了。

注意:

①when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,多用來(lái)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可表示時(shí)間段;從句中既可以用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,也可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;when 從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有限制,根據(jù)具體情況而定;在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中,常用when引導(dǎo)從句,且從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí);when表示時(shí)間段時(shí)可與while通用,但從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如:

I was just reading a book when she came into my room.她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí),我正在看書(shū)。

When I got to the airport,the guests had left.當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。

When the manager comes here for a visit next week,I'll talk with him about this.下周經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí),我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>

②while表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候;在……之時(shí);在……期間”,所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,且通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:

While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.當(dāng)妻子在看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候,我在看電視。

You can't do your homework while you're watching TV.你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。

③as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的,也可以是非延續(xù)性的。當(dāng)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”時(shí),往往可以與when或while通用,但as更側(cè)重主句與從句的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生,常譯作“隨著……;一邊……,一邊……”。如:

Kate read the book as she went along.凱特邊走邊讀書(shū)。

We took notes as we listened to the lecture.我們邊聽(tīng)課邊記筆記。

(2)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“在……之前”。如:

Don't jump off the train before it stops.火車(chē)停之前不要往下跳。

Look at both ways before you cross the road.過(guò)馬路之前左右兩邊都要看。

I didn't know any English before I came here。我來(lái)這兒之前,一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)都不懂。

(3)after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“在……之后”。如:

I'll have a walk after I finish my work.我做完事后要去散步。

After he locked the door,he left.他鎖上門(mén)之后就走了。

注意:

為了表明動(dòng)作的先后,從句中動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

After he had finished his work,he played a game of chess with his friends.他做完工作后,和朋友下了一會(huì)兒棋。

(4)until,till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“直到……為止”。如:

They waited till/until I returned.他們一直等到我回來(lái)。

Mr.Wang kept on explaining until the student understood.王先生反復(fù)地解釋直到學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂了為止。

注意:

①u(mài)ntil在肯定句中只與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,在否定句中通常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間,意為“直到……才”。如:

He didn't leave until I came back.直到我回來(lái)他才離開(kāi)。

②till用作連詞,與until同義,兩者經(jīng)??蓳Q用,只是 until 比 till 稍正式。在正式文體中,一般用 until,而在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中則兩者都可。till多與名詞或較短的從句連用,而較長(zhǎng)較復(fù)雜的成分多用 until;在句子開(kāi)頭時(shí),用 until而不用till。如:

She lived in Tokyo till (until)she died.她一直住在東京直到去世。

(√)Until he comes back,nothing can be done.在他回來(lái)之前,什么也不能做。

(×)Till he comes back,nothing can be done.在他回來(lái)之前,什么也不能做。

(5)since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“自……以來(lái)”

Since I left school,I have written to him twice.自從我離開(kāi)學(xué)校以來(lái),我已經(jīng)給他寫(xiě)過(guò)兩封信。

I have not heard from him since he left Shanghai.自從他離開(kāi)上海以來(lái),我就沒(méi)有收到過(guò)他的來(lái)信。

注意:

since引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如:

I've worked here since I left school.自我離開(kāi)學(xué)校以來(lái)我一直在這里工作。

(6)as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“一……就……”

I'll tell you as soon as I get here.我一到這里就告訴你。

I want to see him as soon as he arrives.他一到我就想見(jiàn)他。

2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí),由when,before,after,as soon as,until 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

I 'll tell him the good news as soon as I see him.我一見(jiàn)到他,就告訴他這個(gè)好消息。

The boy will be a writer when he grows up.這個(gè)男孩長(zhǎng)大后將成為一名作家。

(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)含有can,may,must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),由when,before,after,until,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

You can go home after you finish your homework.你做完作業(yè)后就可以回家。

When the lights are red,the traffic must stop .紅燈亮?xí)r,車(chē)輛必須停下。

You may wait here before your father comes .在你父親到來(lái)之前你可以在這兒等著。

(3)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)是want,hope,wish等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式時(shí),由when,before,after,until,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

He wants to be a doctor when he grows up.他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。

She wants to work in America when she finishes college.她大學(xué)畢業(yè)后想在美國(guó)工作。

(4)當(dāng)主句是祈使句時(shí),由when,before,after,until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

Don't get off the bus until it stops .公共汽車(chē)停下來(lái)再下車(chē)。

Please don't go to bed before you finish your homework.在完成作業(yè)之前,請(qǐng)不要睡覺(jué)。

(5)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí),由when,before,after,until,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

They talked about the party after people left .人們離開(kāi)后,他們談?wù)撨@次晚會(huì)情況。

(6)當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),主句一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí),有時(shí)也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

She had learned Japanese for three years before she went to Japan.她去日本之前學(xué)了三年日語(yǔ)。

She didn't know me before she came here.她到這里來(lái)之前不認(rèn)識(shí)我。

(7)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),要用否定式。如:

He has waited here since you left .自從你走之后他一直在這等著。

He hasn't gone to the school since he finished the school.他畢業(yè)后再?zèng)]去過(guò)學(xué)校。

注意:

在It is+時(shí)間+since從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:

It is three years since I began to study English.我開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)有三年了。

3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的位置

(1)when,before,after,as,while,as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的位置可位于句首,也可位于句末。放在句首時(shí),從句后通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),放在句末時(shí),從句與主句之間一般不用逗號(hào),只在句末用句號(hào)或問(wèn)號(hào)。如:

When you came to see me,I was ready to leave.你來(lái)看我時(shí),我正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)。

You called me while I was watching TV.我在看電視時(shí),你給我打了電話。

After she cleaned the classroom,she went home.她打掃完教室后回家了。

(2)since引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常放在主句的后面。

I have learned English since I came to this school.我自從來(lái)到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)就一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。


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