[初中]全新英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法17-10 定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別

用一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子就叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句通常緊靠在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞、代詞或句子。

17-10 定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句的區(qū)別

1.定語(yǔ)從句與時(shí)間語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都是when時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明表示時(shí)間的名詞，只放在先行詞的后面；而時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，既可以放在主句的前面，也可以放在主句的后面。如：

Do you know the time when the class is over ？你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句）

It was already five o'clock when the class was over .當(dāng)課結(jié)束時(shí)，已經(jīng)是五點(diǎn)鐘了。

=When the class was over ，it was already five o'clock.當(dāng)課結(jié)束時(shí)，已經(jīng)是五點(diǎn)鐘了。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）

2.定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都是where時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明表示地點(diǎn)的名詞；而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，where前沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的地點(diǎn)名詞或代詞。如：

This is the place where we used to live a few years ago .這就是幾年前我們常居住的地方。（定語(yǔ)從句）

Let's go where we can find a better job .我們到能找到更好工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）

3.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別

定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾和限制的作用，關(guān)系詞可能是that，which，who，whom，whose等；另一方面，句子中的It有所指；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是對(duì)某部分加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，而強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣的連接詞只能是that，who，并且句子中的It 沒(méi)有任何意義；一般比較明顯，有時(shí)就難以區(qū)別，還需要根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。如：

It is a book that he wants.

它究竟是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是定語(yǔ)從句，需要從語(yǔ)境上來(lái)考察。如果它是用來(lái)回答What is this/that？這樣的問(wèn)題，意思是：它是一本他想要的書(shū)。句子顯然是定語(yǔ)從句。如果是用來(lái)回答What does he want？這樣的問(wèn)題，那么意思就是：他想要的是一本書(shū)。顯然，句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

4.定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中還要作某種成分，因而從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞不作句子任何成分，因此句子成分是完整的。如：

It is such an interesting book as we all like .它是一本有趣的書(shū)，我們都喜歡。（定語(yǔ)從句）

It is such an interesting book that we all like it .它是一本如此有趣的書(shū)，大家都喜歡它。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）

比較：It is such an interesting book that we all like.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。意思是：我們都喜歡的是一本如此有趣的書(shū)。

5.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞，有跟他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞；而引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則沒(méi)有與他們含義相應(yīng)的先行詞。如：

Sorry，I've forgot the day when we met for the first time .抱歉，我記不起我們第一次見(jiàn)面的日子了。（定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞the day與when含義相應(yīng)）

I've no idea when we met for the first time.我不知道我們第一次是什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面的。（同位語(yǔ)從句，idea與when沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系）

6.定語(yǔ)從句與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別

定語(yǔ)從句一般有關(guān)系詞、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整；而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有關(guān)系詞，也沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：

The book being very interesting，we all like it. 由于這本書(shū)有趣，我們大家都喜歡它。

The book which/that is very interesting was published last year.這本有趣的書(shū)是去年出版的。

【中考速遞】

1.[四川成都中考考題] The woman _____ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.

A.who B.which C.whose

2.[湖北黃岡中考考題] — I really want to relax myself.Could we see City Danger tonight？

— Sure！The actor _____ a hero used to be a school teacher.I like him very much.

A.who play B.which plays

C.who plays D.that play

3.[湖北鄂州中考考題] — Who won the first prize in the English speech contest？

— The prize went to the girl _____ speech was the most natural and fluent.

A.that B.who C.whose D.不填

4.[山西中考考題] The earth is the planet _____ provides us with everything we need，fresh air，clean water and so on.It's our duty to protect it.

A.who B.that C.where

5.[湖北黃石中考考題] Xiandao Lake in Yangxin is the famous place _____ we'll visit next week.

A.that B.who C.where D.whom

6.[吉林中考考題] — You look smart in the T-shirt _____ your daughter bought for you.

— Thanks a lot.

A.which B.who C.whom

【答案點(diǎn)撥】

1.答案：A 句意：在電視節(jié)目上唱歌的那位女士是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。由空格前的woman可知先行詞指人，而且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選A。

2.答案：C 句意：“我真想放松一下。我們今晚可以《冒險(xiǎn)城市》嗎？”“當(dāng)然可以！劇里演英雄的那個(gè)演員以前是位學(xué)校老師。我很喜歡他?！倍ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用who或that；從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。故選C。

3.答案：C 句意：“誰(shuí)獲得了英語(yǔ)演講比賽的第一名？”“一個(gè)女孩獲得了這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，她的演講是最自然、最流利的?！备鶕?jù)句意可知此處用表示“某人的”關(guān)系詞whose而不是who。故選C。

4.答案：B 句意：地球這顆星球，提供我們需要的一切，新鮮的空氣、干凈的水等。保護(hù)它是我們的責(zé)任?？瞻滋幥暗南刃性~planet是表示物的名詞，用which或that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選B。

5.答案：A 句意：陽(yáng)新仙島湖是我們下周要游覽的一個(gè)著名景點(diǎn)。先行詞the famous place指物，且關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作visit的賓語(yǔ)，故選A。

6.答案：A 句意：“你穿著女兒給你買(mǎi)的這件T恤衫看上去很好?！薄爸x謝。”由句意可知這里考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞T-shirt指物，用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故選A。

【語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練 體驗(yàn)中考】

1.[甘肅蘭州] This is one of the most interesting cities _____ I have ever visited.

A.who B.that C.which D.where

2.[湖南長(zhǎng)沙] — What are you doing，Tim？

— I am listening to the song Long Live _____ makes me feel excited.

A.which B.who C./

3.[江蘇淮安] — Have you found the information about famous scientists _____ you can use for the report？

— Not yet.I'll search for some on the Internet.

A.where B.which C.what D.who

4.[河南考題] Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _____ people cannot get at home.

A.that B.who C.whom D.what

5.[青?？碱}] QQ is a tool _____ is mainly used for people to talk to others online.

A.which B.who C.where

6.[吉林長(zhǎng)春] Mr.Chen is a teacher _____ I want to learn from.He is so knowledgeable.

A.which B.when C.who D.what

7.[福建廈門(mén)] — I'd like to read some Chinese classics.Any suggestion？

— Journey to the West .It's a book _____ is about Monkey King.

A.what B.who C.that

8.[湖北荊州] — Do you know the heroic girl，Tu Youyou？

— Yes，she is the first Chinese _____ won a Nobel prize in science.

A.who have B.that have C.which has D.who has

9.[廣西來(lái)賓] The students love the teachers _____ can make their lessons fun.

A.whom B.who C.whose D.which

10.[甘肅天水] My grandparents still live in that old village _____ the local government has decided to keep.

A.which B.where C.when D.what

11.[湖北十堰]Shiyan is one of the best places _____ people would like to visit.

A.that B.which C.where D.who

12.[湖北隨州] The policemen have caught the thief _____ stole Mr.Li's wallet.

A.whose B.who C.whom D.which

13.[湖南株洲] The watch _____ you gave me keeps perfect time.

A.who B.what C.that

14.[湖南郴州] — Which invention do you like best？

— QQ.It is an invention _____ can help us communicate with others online freely.

A.what B.that C.who

15.[四川綿陽(yáng)] I prefer movies _____ me something to think about.

A.which gives B.that gives C.that give D.who give

【答案速遞】

1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.C