非限定性定語(yǔ)從句你了解多少?who/whom/whose/which/when/as分別引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有什么區(qū)別

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句你了解多少?who/whom/whose/which/when/as分別引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有什么區(qū)別?

 

who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.

我們的向?qū)?，一個(gè)法裔加拿大人，擅長(zhǎng)于烹調(diào)。

My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.

我家的園丁非常悲觀，他說(shuō)今年將不結(jié)蘋(píng)果。

Her mother, who was once a teacher, died last year.

她的母親，曾經(jīng)是一名老師，去年去世了。

whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

關(guān)系代詞whom用于指人，在句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)，作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可位于句末。

如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得現(xiàn)在回巴黎了，你在倫敦見(jiàn)過(guò)他。

Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.

史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家，我從他那兒學(xué)了許多東西。

whose引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

whose是關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whose通常指人，也可指動(dòng)物或無(wú)生命的事物。

如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.

那位小男孩學(xué)習(xí)很努力，他的父親是位工程師。

Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.

在樹(shù)林的高處是山，其壯麗的景色完全映照在河面上。

The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.

這劇本是那個(gè)時(shí)期的典型作品，風(fēng)格拘謹(jǐn)刻板。

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語(yǔ)、其他從句或整個(gè)主句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

① which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動(dòng)物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。

如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.

這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)是我三年前栽的，還沒(méi)有結(jié)過(guò)果實(shí)。

She is an artist，which I am not.

她是一位藝術(shù)家，而我不是。

Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.

水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。

The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.

那兩個(gè)警察完全受到信任，事實(shí)上，也真是如此。

② which指代主句中的形容詞。

如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.

她對(duì)孩子們很耐心，她丈夫卻很少這樣。

She is always careless，which we should not be.

她總是馬虎大意，我們可不應(yīng)該這樣。

③ which指代主句中的某個(gè)從句。

如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.

他說(shuō)以前從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)她，這不是真的。

④ which指代整個(gè)主句。

如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.

在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。

He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.

他可能得了急性盲腸炎，如果是這樣，他就得動(dòng)手術(shù)。

When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

他經(jīng)常聚精會(huì)神地工作，這時(shí)他會(huì)廢寢忘食。

when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

關(guān)系副詞when在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。

如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.

他將把郊游推遲到5月1號(hào)，那時(shí)他將有空。

where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系。

副詞where在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，指代主句中表示地點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。

如：They went to London，where they lived for six months.

他們?nèi)チ藗惗兀谀莾捍袅肆鶄€(gè)月的時(shí)間。

as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明但通常用于像as we all know, as it is known, as is known to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。

如：As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.

美國(guó)人都知道，馬克·吐溫是一位偉大的美國(guó)作家。（as在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.

他忘了帶筆，這是常事。（as在從句中作主語(yǔ)）

He is absorbed in work, as he often was.

他正在全神貫注地工作，他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。（as在從句中作表語(yǔ)）

As we all know, the earth is round.

眾所周知，地球是圓的。（as在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）

The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.

兩兄弟對(duì)此決定都滿(mǎn)意，這項(xiàng)決定在事前都已得到他們的同意。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))

Taiwan is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.

你知道，臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分。(as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在介詞后引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

難：句意相同

as it is known to all (that...) (as 做狀語(yǔ)從句連詞，是狀語(yǔ)從句, 可以加that)

與 as is known to all (as做主語(yǔ)，是定語(yǔ)從句)

與 it is known to all that... (主語(yǔ)從句，it是形式主語(yǔ))

既：As is widely known, the moon is closer to the us than the sun.(定從)= Thatthe moon is closer to the us than the sun is widely known.(主從)= it is widely known thatthe moon is closer to the us than the sun.(主從)

As it is known to everyone, I thought you knew about it too.(狀從)

關(guān)系代詞which有時(shí)并不代表主句中某一確定的詞，而是概括整個(gè)主句的意思。介詞的選擇取決于它與先行詞的搭配或與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配。

They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved.

他們?nèi)贝钇咸鸭艿臈U兒，沒(méi)有它們產(chǎn)量會(huì)減少一半。

They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.

他們很感激Tom，沒(méi)有他的支持他們是不會(huì)成功的。

“名詞/代詞+of+which/whom”

It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation.

現(xiàn)在它擁有兩萬(wàn)公頃土地，其中三分之二之多已經(jīng)耕種。

Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300000 kilometer per second.

光是世界上最快的東西，它的速度是每秒30萬(wàn)千米。

There are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.

大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。

The textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women.

這家紡織廠(chǎng)有8千多職工，女職工占百分之八十。

as,which非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太陽(yáng)使地球暖起來(lái)，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟?lèi)很重要。

典型例題

1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he

答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that　B. which　　C. as　 D. it

答案B. as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

(1)as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。

as 的用法

例1. the same…as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。

例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ);例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。