高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法與比較等級(jí)

　　我們都知道，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語(yǔ)及書(shū)面表達(dá)都需要依附英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法而成，其中高考時(shí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)之構(gòu)詞法與比較等級(jí)的資料，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。

　　[深化認(rèn)知]

　　一、派生法

　　1.名詞后綴

　　(1)動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴

　　后綴 例詞

　　­ion/

　　­tion/

　　­sion/

　　­ation correct→correction 　改正

　　celebrate→celebration

　　慶祝;慶祝會(huì)

　　attract→attraction

　　吸引

　　discuss→discussion

　　討論;辯論

　　graduate→graduation

　　畢業(yè)

　　conclude→conclusion

　　結(jié)論;結(jié)束

　　decide→decision

　　決定

　　admit→admission

　　接納;準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)

　　invite→invitation

　　邀請(qǐng)

　　explain→explanation

　　解釋

　　expect→expectation

　　期望

　　­er/­or drive→driver

　　司機(jī);駕駛員

　　gather→gatherer

　　收集者;采集者

　　teach→teacher

　　老師

　　announce→announcer

　　播音員

　　conduct→conductor

　　指揮;售票員

　　direct→director

　　導(dǎo)演

　　­ment punish→punishment

　　懲罰

　　achieve→achievement

　　功績(jī);成就

　　argue→argument

　　辯論;論據(jù)

　　treat→treatment

　　對(duì)待;治療

　　equip→equipment

　　裝備;設(shè)備

　　govern→government

　　政府

　　­ance/

　　­ence appear→appearance

　　出現(xiàn);外貌

　　guide→guidance

　　指引;指導(dǎo)

　　perform→performance

　　表演;節(jié)目

　　exist→existence

　　存在;生存

　　prefer→preference

　　偏愛(ài)

　　refer→reference

　　參考;查閱

　　­ing hear→hearing

　　聽(tīng)力;聽(tīng)覺(jué)

　　begin→beginning

　　開(kāi)始

　　­ure/

　　­ture fail→failure

　　失敗;沒(méi)做到

　　press→pressure

　　壓力

　　depart→departure

　　離開(kāi);出發(fā)

　　mix→mixture

　　混合;混合物

　　­y recover→recovery 　 恢復(fù);痊愈

　　discover→discovery

　　發(fā)現(xiàn)

　　其他 choose→choice 　 　選擇

　　vary→variety

　　多樣化;種類(lèi)

　　tend→tendency

　　趨向;趨勢(shì)

　　(2)形容詞變名詞的后綴

　　后綴 例詞

　　­age short→shortage不足;短缺

　　­cy efficient→efficiency 效率;功效

　　fluent→fluency

　　流利;流暢

　　accurate→accuracy

　　準(zhǔn)確性

　　private→privacy

　　隱私;私密

　　­dom free→freedom自由;自主

　　wise→wisdom

　　明智;智慧

　　­ce different→difference 差異

　　silent→silence

　　沉默

　　­ness weak→weakness　虛弱;弱點(diǎn)

　　kind→kindness

　　仁慈;好意

　　careless→carelessness

　　粗心大意

　　­th strong→strength　力氣;強(qiáng)項(xiàng)

　　warm→warmth

　　溫暖;熱情

　　­y/­ty/

　　­ity honest→honesty　誠(chéng)實(shí)

　　difficult→difficulty

　　困難

　　cruel→cruelty

　　殘酷;殘暴

　　safe→safety

　　安全

　　disable→disability

　　無(wú)能;傷殘

　　responsible→responsibility

　　責(zé)任

　　2.形容詞、副詞后綴

　　(1)動(dòng)詞、名詞變形容詞的常見(jiàn)后綴

　　后綴 例詞

　　­able accept→acceptable　 可接受的

　　comfort→comfortable

　　舒適的

　　fashion→fashionable

　　時(shí)髦的

　　suit→suitable

　　合適的

　　reason→reasonable

　　有道理的

　　­al music→musical音樂(lè)的

　　origin→original

　　最初的

　　person→personal

　　個(gè)人的;私人的

　　centre→central

　　中央的;中心的

　　nature→natural

　　自然的;天生的

　　­ful doubt→doubtful 懷疑的

　　forget→forgetful

　　健忘的

　　harm→harmful

　　有害的

　　hope→hopeful

　　有希望的

　　peace→peaceful

　　和平的

　　­ed scare→scared　感到恐懼的

　　confuse→confused

　　感到困惑的

　　underline→underlined

　　下劃線的

　　­ing surprise→surprising　令人驚奇的

　　convince→convincing

　　令人信服的

　　satisfy→satisfying

　　令人滿意的

　　­ible access→accessible容易取得的

　　horror→horrible

　　可怕的;恐怖的

　　terror→terrible

　　可怕的

　　­ive act→active積極的;活躍的

　　effect→effective

　　有效的;生效的

　　attract→attractive

　　有吸引力的

　　impress→impressive

　　給人深刻印象的

　　­ous continue→continuous 不斷的;持續(xù)的

　　anxiety→anxious

　　憂慮的

　　caution→cautious

　　十分小心的;謹(jǐn)慎的

　　curiosity→curious

　　好奇的

　　humor→humorous

　　幽默的

　　­some tire→tiresome　 令人厭倦的

　　trouble→troublesome

　　麻煩的

　　­y taste→tasty 美味的;可口的

　　health→healthy

　　健康的

　　wealth→wealthy

　　富裕的;豐富的

　　­ern

　　east→eastern東方的;向東的 ­ish child→childish　孩子氣的

　　fool→foolish

　　愚蠢的;可笑的

　　self→selfish

　　自私的

　　(2)形容詞變副詞的后綴

　　直接加­ly

　　slow→slowly　緩慢地

　　改y為­ily happy→happily高興地

　　去e加­lytrue→truly　 　 　真誠(chéng)地;確實(shí)

　　3.形容詞、名詞變動(dòng)詞的前綴和后綴

　　前/后綴 例詞

　　前綴 en­ able→enable　使能夠

　　large→enlarge

　　擴(kuò)大

　　rich→enrich

　　使充實(shí)

　　后綴 ­en broad→broaden　(使)變寬

　　ripe→ripen

　　(使)成熟

　　sharp→sharpen

　　使尖銳

　　wide→widen

　　加寬

　　­ify class→classify 把……分類(lèi)

　　just→justify

　　證明……正確

　　simple→simplify

　　簡(jiǎn)化

　　­ize apology→apologize　 道歉

　　emphasis→emphasize

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)

　　4.表示否定或相反意義的前綴和后綴

　　前/后綴

　　例詞

　　前綴 dis­ agree→disagree　不同意

　　advantage→disadvantage

　　缺點(diǎn)

　　il­ legal→illegal　不合法的

　　logical→illogical

　　不合邏輯的

　　im­ polite→impolite　無(wú)禮的

　　patient→impatient

　　不耐煩的

　　in­ formal→informal　 非正式的

　　convenient→inconvenient不方便的

　　ir­ regular→irregular不規(guī)則的

　　responsible→irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的

　　mis­ lead→mislead誤導(dǎo)

　　understand→misunderstand

　　誤解

　　un­ usual→unusual　不尋常的

　　willing→unwilling

　　不愿意的

　　后綴 ­less hope→hopeless　絕望的

　　end→endless

　　沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的

　　二、轉(zhuǎn)化法

　　不改變?cè)~形，把一個(gè)詞由一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)用為另一種詞類(lèi)的方法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。

　　動(dòng)詞→名詞 look→have a look看一看

　　survey→make a survey

　　調(diào)查

　　walk→take a walk

　　散步

　　名詞→動(dòng)詞 button n.紐扣→v.扣紐扣

　　book n.書(shū)→v.預(yù)訂

　　seat n.座位→v.容納

　　back n.背部→v.支持

　　形容詞→動(dòng)詞 slow adj.慢的→v.減慢

　　narrow adj.窄的→v.縮小

　　warm adj.暖和的→v.加熱

　　[典題在線]

　?、?單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people

　　living

　　in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2.(2015·全國(guó)卷 Ⅱ 語(yǔ)法填空)Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.

　　3.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability (able) to “air condition” a house without

　　using

　　electric equipment.

　　4.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)As natural (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly

　　how

　　thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

　　5.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)The river was so polluted that it

　　actually

　　(actual) caught fire and burned.

　　6.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)Just be patient (patience).

　　7.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly (sudden) became friendly to one another.

　　8.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,

　　and

　　some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint).

　　9.(2017·遼寧高考語(yǔ)法填空)Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and softly (soft).

　　10.(2017·遼寧高考語(yǔ)法填空)I cannot control my body well. My legs become painful (pain).

　　11.(2017·湖北高考短文寫(xiě)作)Luckily, she was not badly injured (injure) and we sent her to the nearest hospital.

　　12.(2017·福建高考書(shū)面表達(dá))So excited (excite) was I that I couldn't wait to try my hand at riding it.

　　13.(2017·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)But such a small thing couldn't possibly (possible) destroy a village.

　　14.(2017·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)“That would be a very reasonable (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))Lots of studies have

　　shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.seriously→serious

　　2.(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))Dad and I were terrible worried.terrible→terribly

　　3.(2015·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))On the left­hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.easy→easily

　　4.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. taste→tasty

　　5.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò))We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! wonderfully→wonderful

　　6.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.helpfully→helpful

　　7.(2017·浙江高考短文改錯(cuò))No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket­owner before.previous→previously

　　8.(2017·遼寧高考短文改錯(cuò))That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. closely→close_

　　[深化認(rèn)知]

　　一、比較等級(jí)

　　1.平級(jí)比較

　　(1)as+形容詞(副詞)原級(jí)+as ...“和……一樣”;not as/so+形容詞(副詞)原級(jí)+as ...“不如……”。

　　(2016·長(zhǎng)春一模寫(xiě)作)Tom is as excellent as John in the ability of dealing with such cases.

　　在處理這類(lèi)案件上，湯姆和約翰的能力是一樣優(yōu)秀的。

　　(2)as+形容詞原級(jí)+a(n)+n.+as ...“和……一樣”。

　　Although Tom was as heavy a smoker as me, he did give up smoking last year.

　　盡管湯姆和我一樣是個(gè)老煙槍?zhuān)谌ツ甏_實(shí)戒煙了。

　　2.比較級(jí)

　　(1)比較級(jí)+than ...“比……更”;less ... than“不如……”。

　　This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.

　　他們今年生產(chǎn)的谷物比去年少。

　　(2)the+比較級(jí)， the +比較級(jí) “越……，越……”。

　　It's believed that the harder you work, the better result you'll get.

　　人們相信，工作越努力，得到的結(jié)果將越好。

　　(3)the+比較級(jí)+of the +名詞/代詞 “兩者中較……的”。

　　Who is the younger of the two boys ?

　　這兩個(gè)男孩中較小的是哪一個(gè)?

　　(4)“否定詞+比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)含義。

　　Mr. Stevenson is great to work for — I really couldn't ask for a better boss.

　　為斯蒂文森先生工作感覺(jué)非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。

　　(5)比較等級(jí)前常用的修飾語(yǔ)有：a little, a bit, slightly, much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。

　　—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.

　　—Why? It's far more interesting than the films I have ever seen.

　　——我不得不說(shuō)這部電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。

　　——為什么?它比我以前看過(guò)的所有電影都有趣多了。

　　3.最高級(jí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

　　表達(dá)在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)“最……”，用“the+最高級(jí)+比較范圍”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　The river is the longest in the world.

　　這條河流是世界上最長(zhǎng)的。

　　二、倍數(shù)表達(dá)法

　　常見(jiàn)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)形式有：

　　1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as

　　This tree is three times as tall as that one.

　　這棵樹(shù)是那棵樹(shù)的三倍高。

　　His father is twice as old as he.

　　他父親的年齡是他的兩倍大。

　　2.倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than

　　This river is almost twice longer than that one.

　　這條河差不多比那條河長(zhǎng)兩倍。

　　The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.

　　這本字典恰好比那本貴五倍。

　　3.倍數(shù)+the size/height/weight/length/width/depth/ ...+of

　　The newly­broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.

　　新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。

　　4.倍數(shù)+that+of

　　The size of the newly­broadened square is four times that of the previous one.

　　新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。

　　5.倍數(shù)+what從句

　　The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.

　　現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。

　　[名師指津]　在倍數(shù)表達(dá)法中倍數(shù)一般放在第一個(gè)as或比較級(jí)或名詞的前面。另外，倍數(shù)除了用times(三倍或三倍以上的數(shù))來(lái)表示外，還可用分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)以及twice/double(兩倍)，triple(三倍)，fourfold(四倍)等來(lái)表示。

　　[典題在線]

　?、?單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)Finally, that hard work paid

　　off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever.

　　2.(2017·遼寧高考語(yǔ)法填空) The

　　harder

　　(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!

　　3.(2017·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空) After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier

　　(early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.

　　4.(2017·大綱卷單選)Raymond's parents wanted him to have the_best (good) possible education.

　　5.(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ單選)It may not be a great suggestion. But before

　　a better (good)

　　one

　　is put forward, we'll make do with it.

　　6.(2017·天津高考單選)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time — there are more_meaningful (meaningful) things to do.

　　7.(2017·遼寧高考單選)This is by far the_most_inspiring (inspiring) movie that I have ever seen.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.(2015·陜西高考短文改錯(cuò))My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.better→best

　　2.(2016·泉州一模短文改錯(cuò))Your story is wonderful; I've never heard a good one before.good→better

　　3.(2016·蘭州一模短文改錯(cuò))—Goods imported from abroad are not always best than those made in China.

　　—Yes. Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.best→better

　　4.(2016·石家莊一模短文改錯(cuò))The most you practise, the better you can understand. most→more_

　　5.Our school which was built last year is three times as bigger as his.bigger→big對(duì)點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)即時(shí)鞏固·提升知能Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空

　　1.I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged

　　(encouragement)

　　me to keep going.

　　2.Parents arrange (arrangement) everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.

　　3.This hill is four times higher (high) than that small one.

　　4.(2016·齊齊哈爾模擬)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration (inspire).

　　5.I don't think it a reasonable (reason) practice for them to behave that way in our society.

　　6.(2016·河南省六市聯(lián)考)Friends are more important (importance) than phones in our daily life.

　　7.The farmers' living conditions have improved significantly (significance) ever since the policy of supporting agriculture was introduced.

　　8.(2016·石家莊高中畢業(yè)班模擬)Already, she looked like she was much braver (brave) than Larry had been then.

　　9.The earlier (early) the treatment is given, the better it is for

　　the patient.

　　10.Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller (small) one, which is very easy for me to carry.

　?、?單句改錯(cuò)

　　1.To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. bad→worse

　　2.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blind.

　　blind→blindly

　　3.(2016·銀川模擬)In some places you may borrow as more books as you need, but in others you are limited to a certain number of books. more→many

　　4.Well, I like much more than one, such as painting and model making, but my favorite is dancing. 去掉much

　　5.(2016·貴陽(yáng)模擬)Five years ago, our playground was five times the size with yours.with→of

　　6.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerfully symbol in last year's election. powerfully→powerful

　　7.(2016·哈爾濱質(zhì)檢)Most of the fish there was freezing, but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market. freezing→frozen

　　8.(2016·吉林質(zhì)檢)In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified high can make use of them to achieve their purposes. high→highly

　　9.I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happy and excitement to my life. happy→happiness

　　10.As you are very popularly with us Chinese high school students, we'd like to invite you to the exhibition. popularly→popular

　?、?語(yǔ)法填空

　　(2016·鄭州模擬)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people's daily life. These

　　proverbs are often

　　1.interesting (interest) stories.

　　2.For

　　example, the proverb,

　　“pluck up a crop

　　3.to_help

　　(help) it grow”， is based on the following story.

　　It is said that a short­tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960-1279) was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up

　　4.quickly

　　(quick). He was thinking about it

　　day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.

　　One day, he came up with an idea

　　5.that

　　he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.

　　He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,

　　6.but/yet

　　he felt very happy since the crop did

　　“grow”

　　7.higher

　　(high).

　　His son

　　8.heard

　　(hear) about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.

　　This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their

　　9.natural

　　(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often

　　10.results

　　(result) in the contrary to our intention.