高中英語語法之助動詞（含鞏固練習(xí)）

我們都知道，英語語法是英語體系的鋼筋鐵骨，所有的口語及書面表達(dá)都需要依附英語語法而成，其中高考時英語語法更是貫穿了整張卷面。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于高中英語語法之助動詞（含鞏固練習(xí)）的資料，內(nèi)容比較適合用來日常練習(xí)，希望對你有所幫助!

一.概念:

助動詞是幫助主要動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài),語態(tài),語氣以及否定或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞.助動詞分為時態(tài)助動詞和結(jié)構(gòu)助動詞兩種.

二.相關(guān)知識點精講:

1. 助動詞be的用法

1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)。例如：

They are having a meeting.　他們正在開會。

English is becoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。

2)　be +

The window was broken by Tom..　窗戶是湯姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world.　世界各地都教英語。

3) be +

a. 表示最近、未來的計劃或安排。例如：

He is to go to New York next week..　他下周要去紐約。

We are to teach the freshmen.　我們要教新生。

說明： 這種用法也可以說成是一種將來時態(tài)表達(dá)法。

b. 表示命令。例如：

You are to explain this.　對此你要做出解釋。

He is to come to the office this afternoon.　要他今天下午來辦公室。

c.　征求意見。例如：

How am I to answer him?　我該怎樣答復(fù)他?

Who is to go there?　誰該去那兒呢?

d. 表示相約、商定。例如：

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.　我們明天早晨7點在校門口集合。have的用法

1)have +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)。例如：

He has left for London.　他已去了倫敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.　 上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。

2)have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時。例如：

I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學(xué)英語，已達(dá)十年之久。

3)have +been +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動語態(tài)。例如：

English has been taught in China for many years. 中國教英語已經(jīng)多年。助動詞do

1)構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例如：

Do you want to pass the CET?　你想通過大學(xué)英語測試嗎?

Did you study German?　你們學(xué)過德語嗎?

2)do + not

I do not want to be criticized.　 我不想挨批評。

He doesn't like to study.　 他不想學(xué)習(xí)。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.

3)

Don't go there.　不要去那里。 Don't be so absent-minded.　不要這么心不在焉。

do，不用did和does。

4)放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣。例如：

Do come to my birthday party.　一定來參加我的生日宴會。

I did go there.　我確實去那兒了。

I do miss you.　我確實想你。

5)用于倒裝句。例如：

Never did I hear of such a thing.　 我從未聽說過這樣的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 進(jìn)了大學(xué)以后，我們才認(rèn)識到英語的重要性。

never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6)用作代動詞。例如：

---- Do you like Beijing?　--你喜歡北京嗎?

---- Yes, I do.　--是的，喜歡。(do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.)

He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he? 他知道如何開車，對吧?shall和will的用法

shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時。例如：

I shall study harder at English.　 我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)英語。

He will go to Shanghai.　　他要去上海。

shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱?，F(xiàn)在，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞，試比較:

He shall come.　他必須來。(shall有命令的意味。)

He will come.　他要來。(will只與動詞原形構(gòu)成一般將來時。)5.助動詞should, would的用法

1)should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱。例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天給他打電話，問他我下周干什么。

比較："What shall I do next week?" I asked. "我下周干什么?"我問道。 可以說，shall變成間接引語時，變成了should。

2) would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱。例如：

He said he would come.　 他說他要來。"I will go," he said. 他說："我要去那兒。"變成間接引語，就成了He said he would come。原來的will變成would，go變成了come.。

短語動詞

Turn off the radio.　把收音機關(guān)上。(turn off是短語動詞)

1)動詞+副詞，如：black out;

2)動詞+介詞，如：look into;

3)動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構(gòu)成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統(tǒng)稱為小品詞

1.If it is fine tomorrow, we ______ a football match.

a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has

2.When he was at school, he ______ early and take a walk before breakfast.

a. will rise b. shall rise b. should rise would rise

3.In the past 30 years China ______ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.

a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made

4.I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.

a. don’t/had b. didn’t/have c. didn’t/had d. don’t/have

5.______ you think he ______ back by dinner time?

a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d. Do/will have come

6.He said that he dropped his bag when he ______ for the bus.

a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running

7.No sooner ______ he arrived home than he ______ to start on another journey.

a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked

8.“______ you give me a room for the night?” I asked on arriving at the hotel.

a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May

9.There are nine of them, so ______ get into the car at the same time.

a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they can’t all d. all they can’t

10.“We didn’t see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He ______ it.”

a. mustn’t attend b. cannot have attended

c. would have not attended d. needn’t have attended

11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?”

“No, officer. I ______. This car can’t do more than 80.”

a. didn’t need to be b. may not have been c. couldn’t have been d. needn’t have been

12.he was a good runner so he ______ escape from the police.

a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to

13.If they ______, our plan will fall flat.

a. are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. won’t co-operate d. didn’t co-operate

14.I hoped ______ my letter.

a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering

15.He ______ live in the country than in the city.

a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather

16.______ to see a film with us today?

a. Did you like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked

17.I’m sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply ______ what I did.

a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do

18.“Time is running out,______?”

a. hadn’t we better got start b. hadn’t we better get start

c.hadn’t we better get started d. hadn’t we better not started

19.No one ______ that to his face.

a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say

20.The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.

a. need b. ought c. must d. dare

21.You ______ last week if you were really serious about your work.

a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have come

22.The elephants ought ______ hours ago by the keepers.

a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed

23.“I wonder why they’re late.” “They ______ the train.”

a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss

24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age.”

“He ______ have been an outstanding student.”

a. must b. could c. should d. might

25.You ______ the examination again since you had already passed it.

a. needn’t have taken b. didn’t need to take c. needn’t take d. mustn’t take

26.He is really incompetent! The letter ______ yesterday.

a. should be finished typing b. must be finished typing

c.must have finished typing c. should have been finished typing

27.The boy told his father that he would rather ______ an astronaut.

a. become b. to become c. becoming d. became

28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we ______.

a. needed not to hurry b. needn’t have hurried

c. need not to have hurried d. didn’t need to hurry

29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_____ you like to have dinner with us tonight?

a. will b. won’t c. wouldn’t d. do

30.He was afraid what he had done ______ a disastrous effect on his career.

a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be