[高中]全新語法:從句中的主謂一致 二、what從句

二、what從句

1.表語是單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

What the boy wants is a toy car.孩子想要的是一輛玩具車。

What I want to know is this.我想知道的就是這一點。

What we need is money.我們需要的是錢。

What the country needs most is wise leadership.

這個國家最需要的是明智的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

2.表語是形容詞時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。

What he said was true.他說的話是對的。

What is beautiful is not always good.漂亮的并非總是好的。

What I have to tell you is very simple.我必須要告訴你的其實很簡單。

3.表語是介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

What they did was in vain.他們的所作所為是徒勞的。

What the students do in their spare time is of great importance.

學(xué)生課余時間所做的事是非常重要的。

4.表語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

What we need are good doctors.我們需要的是優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生。

What is real to him are the details of his life.對他來說真實的是生活細(xì)節(jié)。

What his father left him are a few English books.他父親留給他的是幾本英語書。

【比較】

①What he said and what he did were different.他言行不一（復(fù)數(shù)）。

②When and where to hold a meeting isn’t decided.開會的時間地點還沒定。（單數(shù)）

【高考演練】

1.【湖南】All we need________a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

A.are B.was C.is D.were

【答案】C 考查主謂一致。句意：所有我們需要的只是一小塊在一年的成長季節(jié)里能夠種植各種各樣果樹的土地。all作主語時，如指復(fù)數(shù)概念，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如指單數(shù)概念，動詞用單數(shù)。根據(jù)后面的a small piece of land可知這里表示單數(shù)概念。故選C。

2.【福建】The famous musician，as well as his students，________to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

A.were invitedB.was invited

C.have been invitedD.has been invited

【答案】B 考查主謂一致。題干主語中心詞為介詞短語as well as之前的musician，故謂語使用單數(shù)，排除A和C；再根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志性詞語at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)。故選B。

3.【湖南】The university estimates that living expenses for international students________ around $8，450 a year，which________a burden for some of them.

A.are；is B.are；are C.is；are D.is；is

【答案】A 考查主謂一致。第一空主語為living expenses，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語；第二空which指代整個主句引導(dǎo)定語從句做從句的主語，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故選A。

4.【江蘇】Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others________ essential to their development.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

【答案】A 考查主謂一致。主語為motivation，故謂語為單數(shù)；根據(jù)語境及generally可知，描述的為一般情況，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選A。

5.【湖南】All the scientific evidence________that increasing use of chemicals in farming________damaging our health.

A.show；are B.shows；are C.show；is D.shows；is

【答案】D 考查主謂一致。句意：所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中越來越多地使用化學(xué)物品對我們的健康有害。evidence為不可數(shù)名詞，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)；題干中的第二個空的主語應(yīng)該是use，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故選D。

6.【陜西】The basketball coach，as well as his team，________interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

A.were B.was C.is D.are

【答案】B 考查主謂一致。句意：比賽后不久，那位籃球教練和他的隊員們因為他們的出色表現(xiàn)而受到了采訪。根據(jù)句意可知事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用過去時，排除C和D。主語后接as well as短語作插入語時，謂語動詞形式不受其影響。這里的主語The basketball coach是單數(shù)，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，故選B。

7.【湖南】One-third of the country________covered with trees and the majority of the citizens________black people.

A.is；are B.is；is C.are；are D.are；is

【答案】A 考查主謂一致。句意：這個國家有三分之一的面積被森林覆蓋，并且大多數(shù)公民是黑人。“分?jǐn)?shù)詞+of+名（代）詞”作主語，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于該名（代）詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以第一空用is；the majority of the citizens后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，所以第二個空用are。故選A。

8.【江蘇】The fact that so many people still smoke in public places________that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.

A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.suggesting

【答案】B 考查主謂一致。句意：仍然有很多人在公共場所吸煙，這樣的事實表明我們或許需要一場全國性的運動來提高人們對吸煙的危害的認(rèn)識。結(jié)合句意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the fact后that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句，空格后的that從句則是謂語動詞suggest的賓語從句；主語是the fact，故排除A、D兩項；結(jié)合從句的時態(tài)可知主句要用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選B。

9.【安徽】The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which________ saved for other purposes.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

【答案】D 考查主謂一致。句意：該工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其他用途。非限制性定語從句中的主語the rest意為“其余的”，謂語動詞應(yīng)與of后的名詞一致，而which指代先行詞materials，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；定語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)與主句中的謂語動詞used一致，故用過去時態(tài)。從時態(tài)和主謂一致兩方面考慮，故選D。

10.【陜西】— Did you go to the show last night？

— Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited.

A.were B.have been C.has been D.was

【答案】D 句意：“昨晚你去看表演了？”“是的，這里的每個男孩和女孩都被邀請了。”主語前面有every，each等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選D。

11.【陜西】As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area________.

A.need repairing B.needs to repair

C.needs repairingD.need to repair

【答案】A 句意：這次嚴(yán)重的洪水造成的后果是該地方三分之二的房屋需要修繕。分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于名詞，而不是取決于分?jǐn)?shù)。而need作為實義動詞表示“需要”時，其基本用法是need doing=need to be done，意為“需要做某事或某事需要被做……”。故選A。

12.【湖南】We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________ so small that a day is unimportant.

A.is B.are C.has been D.have been

【答案】A 句意：我們一天又一天生活著，相對于發(fā)生重大事件的日子而言，幾天和幾星期顯得是那樣微不足道，以至一天時間并不重要。the time of days and weeks作主語，其中心詞是the time而不是days and weeks，因此其謂語動詞取決于time。而C項時態(tài)與整句不符。故選A。

13.【浙江】Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture，but when and where________yet.

A.hasn’t been decidedB.haven’t decided

C.isn’t being decidedD.aren’t decided

【答案】A 考查主謂一致。句意：詹姆斯教授將給我們做一場關(guān)于西方文化的講座，但是具體時間和地點還沒有確定。when and where是when and where he will give us a lecture主語從句的省略，主語從句作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選A。

14.【江西】A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health.

A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are

【答案】B 考查主謂一致。句意：據(jù)一項專家調(diào)查講，每周三小時的戶外運動對健康有益。主句主語為a survey被of介詞短語修飾，謂語動詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，從句主語為exercise，作“鍛煉”講時，是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞也用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。

15.【遼寧】The father as well as his three children________skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going

【答案】C 考查主謂一致。as well as連接并列主語時，謂語的數(shù)要與as well as前面的那一個保持一致，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故選C。

16.【浙江】The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third________ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.

A.is B.are C.was D.were

【答案】D 考查主謂一致。had為過去式，根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則可排除A、B兩項。主語是分?jǐn)?shù)詞，one-third是one-third of the computers的省略，故選D。

17.【安徽】Most of what has been said about the Smiths________also true of the Johnsons.

A.are B.is C.being D.to be

【答案】B 考查主謂一致。句意：關(guān)于史密斯一家人所說的情況同樣也適合于約翰遜一家。主語是most，謂語的數(shù)要與most連用的名詞一致，故謂語用單數(shù)。故選B。

18.【全國Ⅰ】— Have you heard the latest news？

— No，what________？

A.is it B.is there C.are they D.are those

【答案】A 考查主謂一致。題意：“你聽說過這條最新消息了嗎？”“沒有，什么消息？”the latest news屬于不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用代詞it來指代，故用what is it來提問。故選A。