托福聽力中的關鍵歷史類要素
一、主題關鍵詞，總是會出現和發(fā)展、起源或者歷史相關的詞匯(e.g develpoment, change, origin, historical)
【Professor: And what instrument comes to mind when you think of rock ‘n' roll?
Student: The electric Guitar?
Professor: Exactly. I think it's fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rock ‘n’ roll genre,which became popular in the 1950s. But really the instrument we know today was the result of a continuing development that started for our practical purposes in the 1920s. But long before that even,people were experimenting with ways to modify traditional acoustic guitars.】
注意到文章開頭做了兩件事情：一. 提出話題“ Electrical Guitar”; 二. 提出了歷史類文章要素, 教授說到電吉他是一個“the result of a continuing development” 而且人們很早之前就開始“ modify acoustic guitar”，自然而然我們就能推測文章是要講電吉他是如何發(fā)展起來的。
二、影響，其中包括話題的發(fā)展;發(fā)展過程中所受到的影響;其所產生的影響;具體的影響是什么，怎么影響的。
【The first guitars were wooden. This is the Spanish guitar and the strings were made from animal products. Then came steel strings. And that led to the lap guitar,which is also called the steel guitar because the player slides a steel rod up and down the neck. And those are all acoustic guitars. OK?
But then eventually we have electric guitars. Over the years,many inventors and musicians contributed to the design of these instruments. And each design was intended to alter the sound in some way,at first at least with the electric guitar,to make it louder.
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