托福閱讀材料之上網(wǎng)時(shí)間與青少年抑郁癥

　　The findings, reported in the journal of Pediatrics, do not mean that the Internet is to blame. For one, teens in the study who spent no time online were also at increased risk of depression symptoms.

　　Instead, the researchers say that both heavy Internet use, and non-use, could serve as signals that a teenager is having a hard time.

　　For the study, Dr. Pierre-Andre Michaud and colleagues at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, surveyed 7,200 individuals ages 16 to 20 about their Internet use.

　　Those who were online more than two hours per day were considered "heavy" Internet users, while those online anywhere from several times per week to two hours per day were considered "regular" users.

　　The teenagers also answered a number of health-related questions, including some standard questions about "depressive tendencies" that gaugehow often a person feels sad or hopeless.

　　Compared with regular Internet users, the study found, kids who were heavy users or non-users were more likely to be depressed or very depressed.

　　Among male teens, heavy users and non-users were both around one-third more likely to have a high depression score, compared to "regular" users. Among girls, heavy Internet users had an 86 percent greater chance of depression, while non-users had a 46 percent greater likelihood compared to regular users.

　　That was with factors like family income and any chronic health problems taken into account.

　　However, the average depression scores among non-users, regular users and heavy users alike were all toward the lower end -- between 1 and 2 on a scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being "not depressed at all."

　　Since teenagers typically go online to connect with friends, the researchers speculate that those who are never online may be more socially isolated.

　　雖然上網(wǎng)對(duì)于青少年來(lái)說(shuō)是很正常的行為，但是一項(xiàng)新調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，上網(wǎng)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)或者過(guò)短可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致抑郁。

　　這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《兒科學(xué)》雜志上的研究并不是說(shuō)網(wǎng)絡(luò)該為抑郁癥負(fù)責(zé)，因?yàn)樵诮邮苷{(diào)查的人群中，那些不上網(wǎng)的青少年出現(xiàn)抑郁癥狀的幾率也增加了。

　　事實(shí)上，研究人員稱青少年上網(wǎng)時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)和不上網(wǎng)都表明這個(gè)孩子過(guò)得不好。

　　在研究中，皮埃爾 安德烈 米肖博士和他在瑞士洛桑大學(xué)的同事一起，調(diào)查了7200名年齡在16歲到20歲之間的青少年的上網(wǎng)情況。

　　那些每天上網(wǎng)時(shí)間超過(guò)兩小時(shí)的人被視為“過(guò)度上網(wǎng)者”，而那些上網(wǎng)時(shí)間介于“每周幾次”到“每天兩小時(shí)”的人則被視為“正常上網(wǎng)者”。

　　這些青少年還回答了一些和健康相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，其中包括一些和“抑郁傾向”有關(guān)的常規(guī)問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題可測(cè)算出一個(gè)人感到憂傷或絕望的頻繁程度。

　　研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，跟“正常上網(wǎng)者”相比，過(guò)度上網(wǎng)和不上網(wǎng)的孩子更容易感到“抑郁”或“很抑郁”。

　　就男孩而言，過(guò)度上網(wǎng)和不上網(wǎng)的人抑郁分值高的可能性都比正常上網(wǎng)者高約三分之一。而女孩當(dāng)中過(guò)度上網(wǎng)者患抑郁癥的可能性比正常上網(wǎng)者高86%，不上網(wǎng)者比正常上網(wǎng)者高46%。

　　這一研究將家庭收入、慢性病等因素都考慮在內(nèi)。

　　不過(guò)，不論是不上網(wǎng)者、正常上網(wǎng)者還是過(guò)度上網(wǎng)者，他們的平均抑郁分值都較低——都在1到2分之間。抑郁程度有1分到4分四個(gè)等級(jí)，1分表示“一點(diǎn)都不抑郁”。

　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，青少年上網(wǎng)是為了與朋友們聯(lián)系，因此研究人員推測(cè)，那些從來(lái)不上網(wǎng)的青少年可能更自閉。