名師指導(dǎo)：托福閱讀修辭目的題之特殊題型趨勢解析
(一) 類細節(jié)題目
TPO 27 Crafts in the Ancient near East
Paragraph 4: Objects themselves suggest that they were the work of skilled professionals. In the late Uruk period (3500-3100 B.C.E.), there first appeared a type of object that remained characteristic for Mesopotamia throughout its entire history: the cylinder seal.
This was a small cylinder, usually no more than 3 centimeters high and 2 centimeters in diameter, of shell, bone, faience ( a glassy type of stoneware), or various types of stones, on which a scene was carved into the surface.
11. Paragraph 4 suggests which of the following about the significance of Mesopotamian cylinder seals?
○ They were designed more for home than for legal use
○ They demonstrate that their creators were professionals
○ They were the first example of seals made from materials other than stone
○ They were the first example of carved seals
這個題乍一看是一個細節(jié)題，問的是M的重要性，定位原文，并沒有關(guān)于它很重要的表述;實質(zhì)上這屬于一個修辭目的題，問的是例子存在的價值：支持主旨：這樣我們向前找主旨，主旨在段首，關(guān)鍵詞是were the work of skilled professionals，也就是技術(shù)問題：因此定位答案B.通過這個題目，我們知道，問例子的重要性的，除非原文有專門表達，否則就要考慮修辭目的題。
(二)結(jié)構(gòu)類題目變體：
以往見到的是：what is the structure of paragraph XX? 或者是 What is the purpose of paragraph 3? 再或者是 How does paragraph XX relate to XX? 根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的讀法，我們基本就能確定結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展方向?，F(xiàn)在我們看一個這樣問的題目:
TPO27 The Formation of Volcanic Islands
Paragraph 3：How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary? The Hawaiian Islands provide a very instructive answer. Like many other island groups, they form a chain. The Hawaiian Islands Chain extends northwest from the island of Hawaii. In the 1840s American geologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii Islands seem to share a similar geologic evolution but are progressively more eroded, and therefore probably older, toward the northwest. Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics, Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior. Wilson suggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply the surface expression of a long-lived volcanic source located beneath the tectonic plate in the mantle. Today’s most northwest island would have been the first to form.
6. In paragraph 3, what is the relationship between the scientific contribution of James Daly and Tuzo Wilson?
○ Wilson provided an explanation for the observations made by Daly
○ Wilson challenged the theory proposed by Daly
○ Wilson found numerous examples of island chains that supported Daly’s theory
○ Wilson popularized the explanation of volcanic island formation formulated by Daly
乍一看，這是一個細節(jié)題，尤其像關(guān)系類細節(jié)題。但是定位讀完之后，相關(guān)專家JD 的理論是“island 分享同樣板塊并且…因此 更老older…。”專家TW說 this age progression could result ,也就是說這個過程是可以出現(xiàn)的，明顯是支持并進一步說明了前邊專家的理論。因此關(guān)系它們的關(guān)系實質(zhì)是一種支持，是個結(jié)構(gòu)題，正確答案A. 進一步解釋。專家W沒有用例子證明，無例子一類詞匯，排除C;原文沒有說理論一有什么weakness之類的缺陷詞匯,排除B。原文也沒有說他如何普及之前的學(xué)說，排除D。
新題中出現(xiàn)了較多段落與細節(jié)相互依存的題目，在此不一一詳述，希望大家在做題時密切注意段落結(jié)構(gòu)，宏觀考慮，才能及時辨認題目類型，準確預(yù)測大致答案。
