托福閱讀推理題如何找依據(jù)

　　推理依據(jù)來(lái)自何處呢?當(dāng)然是原文。那么又如何從茫茫詞海中找到這一依據(jù)呢?根據(jù)題干。解題的時(shí)候，題干就像茫茫大海中的一座燈塔，往往會(huì)為我們指引正確的方向。因此，完成閱讀推理題我們應(yīng)該——步驟一，審題。通過審題，確定本題的推理對(duì)象。步驟二，回原文中鎖定推理對(duì)象的位置。如果推理對(duì)象存在于原文某個(gè)句子中的其中一個(gè)分句或一個(gè)部分，則推理依據(jù)就在本句剩下的內(nèi)容中;如果推理對(duì)象存在于原文一個(gè)完整的句子中，則推理依據(jù)需要結(jié)合上下文。

　　實(shí)例解析：(TPO24)

　　By whatever means, a lake is constantly gaining water and losing water: its water does not just sit there, or, anyway, not for long. This raises the matter of a lake’s residence time. The residence time is the average length of time that any particular molecule of water remains in the lake, and it is calculated by dividing the volume of water in the lake by the rate at which water leaves the lake. The residence time is an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took: it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.

　　It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake

　　A. depends entirely upon the average speed of a lake' s currents

　　B. can be measured by the volume of the lake alone

　　C. can be greater or lesser than the residence time

　　D. is similar to the length of time all other molecules remain in that lake

　　解題具體步驟：

　　1)首先審題，我們知道推理對(duì)象為the length of time a given molecule of water remains in a lake;

　　2)然后通過定位，找到原文包含推理對(duì)象的句子，即原文最后一句話的后半句，“The residence time is an average; the time spent in the lake by a given molecule (if we could follow its fate) would depend on the route it took: it might flow through as part of the fastest, most direct current, or it might circle in a backwater for an indefinitely long time.”

　　3)本句話以分號(hào)分成了前后兩個(gè)分句，因此前一個(gè)分句也需要分析。前一個(gè)分句，即“The residence time is an average，停留時(shí)間是平均的”，這個(gè)信息點(diǎn)需要記住;

　　4)接下來(lái)再把后半句看完。后半句，即“the time spent in the lake by a given molecule would depend on the route it took，一分子的水停留在湖里的時(shí)間取決于它所走的路線”，隱含意思即水停留在湖里的時(shí)間是不固定的，走的路線是直線，則停留時(shí)間短，走的路線是循環(huán)的，則停留時(shí)間就長(zhǎng);

　　5)結(jié)合前一個(gè)分句，可得出結(jié)論，一分子的水停留在湖里的時(shí)間可能比residence time 長(zhǎng)，也可能比它短，故答案為C。

　　通過講解上述例題，相信考生們能夠把握推理依據(jù)的方向，簡(jiǎn)而言之，包含推理對(duì)象的句子是完整的，則結(jié)合上下文尋找推理依據(jù);如果包含推理對(duì)象的句子是不完整的，則推理依據(jù)蘊(yùn)藏在本句中。