托福閱讀3種邏輯關系解答詞匯題技巧實例講解
托福閱讀詞匯題如何根據上下文邏輯關系猜測詞義?
除了集中強化地背單詞之外，考生還應學會根據單詞所在的上下文語境利用邏輯關系來推測單詞的含義。在考試過程中，考生可以利用到的邏輯關系有并列關系，舉例關系和轉折關系。下面將依次舉例進行說明。
1. 并列關系解答詞匯題實例
如果兩個句子成分之間是并列的關系，則它們的感情色彩應該相近，所描述的內容性質也相近。常見的表示并列關系的信號詞有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。
例題分析：
Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)
4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. collect
B. pierce
C. melt
D. endure
解析
本句較長，破折號中的從句是對前面的glacial ice的修飾，可暫且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的詞penetrate和continue into是并列關系，continue into表達“進入”的含義，因此可對選項進行篩選，collect為“收集”，melt意為“溶解，融化”，endure意為“持續(xù);容忍”，因此可推測出答案為B選項。B選項中的pierce為“滲透，滲入”的意思，與penetrate(滲透，穿透)同義。
2. 舉例關系解答詞匯題實例
舉例是對前面的觀點進行論證和解釋，因此例子與其論證對象的特質相一致。表示舉例關系的信號詞有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。
例題分析
Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. mistrust
B. misinterpret
C. criticize
D. resent
解析
后句中看到信號詞for example, 則是舉例子來論證前面的觀點。后句意思為“他們認為別人想傷害自己，而事實并非如此”，可以看出是誤解了別人的想法，那么前句的觀點應當是“有攻擊性的人經常誤解別人的動機”，由此可以推測出distort為“誤解，曲解”類似的含義，則選出正確答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。
3. 轉折/對比關系解答詞匯題實例
一個句子中出現了轉折或對比關系時，則轉折詞前后的內容相反。表示轉折關系的信號詞有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。
例題分析
Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.
10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. rapid
B. determined
C. flexible
D. demanding
解析
本句中雖然沒有明確的出現表對比的信號詞，但是考生很容易發(fā)現the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后兩句形成對比關系，其中l(wèi)arger與smaller互為反義詞，則可推測出less fastidious與choosier同樣互為反義詞，則進一步推出fastidious與choosier應為近義詞，choosier為“挑剔的”意思，所以選出正確答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意為“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含義。
看完以上這些實例，相信大家對于如何用邏輯關系來解答托福閱讀詞匯題應該已經有了一定認識和了解，小編在此預祝大家能夠順利做好托福閱讀詞匯題，拿到理想成績實現出國夢想。
