一篇考研的真題,從做題到文章的全面分析和展示??雌饋?lái)是有點(diǎn)痛苦的,而且還要反復(fù)直至熟練,少不了痛心疾首捶胸頓足的時(shí)候。但如此死磕五篇,當(dāng)小有所成;死磕十篇,應(yīng)上了臺(tái)階;死磕二十,必手到擒來(lái)。
夠你們喝一壺了,哈哈!
A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.
All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.
How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a dued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride." American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government." It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity, says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as" a golden age of business management in the United States."
51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____ .
[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal
[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before
[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors
[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy
52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market
[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises
[C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions
[D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market
53.What can be inferred from the passage?
[A]It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pried.
[B]Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.
[C]The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.
[D]A long history of success may pave the way for further development.
54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____ .
[A]turning of the business cycle
[B]restructuring of industry
[C]improved business management
[D]success in education
解題第一步:讀題干
51.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱbecause_____ .
題型:?jiǎn)柺虑樵?,?xì)節(jié)題,需定位句子
給定信息:美國(guó)achieved its predominance after World War II
定位信息:World War II, because
52.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American_____ .
題型信息:?jiǎn)栔斡^點(diǎn)的事實(shí),例證題,當(dāng)從觀點(diǎn)后面找事實(shí)
給定信息:1980s美國(guó)predominance的失去,表現(xiàn)于相關(guān)的事實(shí)
定位信息:1980s
53.What can be inferred from the passage?
題型信息:題干無(wú)具體信息,直接就文章提問(wèn),為判斷題,當(dāng)先擱置,最后直接看選項(xiàng)來(lái)做。
給定信息:無(wú)
定位信息:無(wú)
54.The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the____ .
題型信息:?jiǎn)栐?,?xì)節(jié)題,需定位
給定信息:1990s美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇,作者對(duì)其原因有自己的看法
定位信息:1990s
題干綜合:兩道細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)原因,一道例證問(wèn)事實(shí),一道判斷,盡量先根據(jù)其它題的解題過(guò)程和結(jié)果來(lái)解以節(jié)省時(shí)間。
由題干給定信息可知:文章講到了二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)取得領(lǐng)先;1980s失去了這種地位;1990s經(jīng)濟(jì)又復(fù)蘇了。
解題第二步:讀文章做選擇
51.根據(jù)定位信息找到首段二句,但本句中沒(méi)有原因(看整個(gè)句式:當(dāng)A時(shí),有B。其中B肯定不是原因,而是結(jié)果。)。接著向下,直到最后一句,才由定語(yǔ)從句交代原因(定語(yǔ)從句可以而且常常交代原因)。
選項(xiàng)分析
A.是非顛倒。他們?yōu)槟繕?biāo)做了艱苦的努力。只有首段首句提到effortless success。
B.答非所問(wèn)、偷換概念。原文也有市場(chǎng),也是八倍以上。但一:不是所問(wèn)事情的原因;二:原文是market比competitors大, 選項(xiàng)是domestic market比before大。
C.同義表達(dá),正確。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)摧毀了其潛在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的經(jīng)濟(jì)。原文是歐洲人和亞洲人,也即美國(guó)人的潛在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。
D.偷換概念。勞動(dòng)力無(wú)與倫比的規(guī)模給了其經(jīng)濟(jì)以推動(dòng)力。引人注目的是原文也有unparalleled,但搭配是unparalleled economies of scale, 選項(xiàng)是unparalleled size of workforce。有此一點(diǎn),就已死定。
52.根據(jù)定位線索1980s找到二段第三句:美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己XYZ。此處XYZ表達(dá)法比較麻煩,其實(shí)無(wú)關(guān)緊要。題目不是問(wèn)美國(guó)人會(huì)失去優(yōu)勢(shì)表現(xiàn)為什么事實(shí)嗎?那先不得說(shuō)美國(guó)人失去了優(yōu)勢(shì)?后面才是事實(shí)。先出現(xiàn)了一句說(shuō)Some huge American industries,與各選項(xiàng)均無(wú)關(guān)系;下一句講TV,也不對(duì);再下一句講cars, 即選項(xiàng)A中的auto, 為正確選項(xiàng)。
選項(xiàng)分析:
A. 想當(dāng)然:原文“只剩一家汽車(chē)制造商”不必然意味著選項(xiàng)中“退回國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)”。
B. 無(wú)中生有:原文semiconductors講的是將成為next casualty; 選項(xiàng)說(shuō)“被外國(guó)公司兼并”。
C. 偷換概念:原文machine-tool industry是on the ropes, 字面義是“在繩子上”,顯然是比喻義。本段講各產(chǎn)業(yè)都是“不行了”,此處亦不例外,不會(huì)冒出選項(xiàng)中的“自殺行為”。
D. 同義表達(dá):改變說(shuō)話角度。原文“外國(guó)汽車(chē)進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)”=選項(xiàng)“汽車(chē)業(yè)推動(dòng)部分國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)”。
53.留到最后來(lái)解。
54.根據(jù)定位信息1990s找到第四段第二句。美國(guó)人回頭可看到五年增長(zhǎng)(即題目中所述事實(shí)),后一句才交代原因。要讀出言外之意:沒(méi)幾個(gè)美國(guó)人將此歸為如此明顯的原因如X和Y。意思是作者認(rèn)為是這兩個(gè)原因,而且很明顯,但多數(shù)美國(guó)人卻沒(méi)有看到。A為正確選項(xiàng)。
選項(xiàng)分析:
A. 正確。
B. 貌合神離:引言中確有此說(shuō)。但此引言是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前文blind pride(盲目驕傲),是作者所批判的觀點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)參照本段“段落解剖”。
C. 同B。
D. 無(wú)中生有:從未提及。
回頭再做53.盡量利用已解題和已讀信息解題。
A.畫(huà)蛇添足:解第54題時(shí)第四段有blind pride與lack of confidence,但從未說(shuō)human nature。
B.未讀到相關(guān)信息,等待確認(rèn)正誤。
C.依54答案,可知international cooperation并非復(fù)蘇原因。
D.暗渡陳倉(cāng):首段首句a history of long and effortless success,被偷換成a long history of success。Long修飾對(duì)象被偷換,已經(jīng)死定。
故B為正確選項(xiàng)。
題做完了,精讀題目和文章,鞏固詞匯句法篇章。
精讀題干
51.The U.S. has attained and retained dominance(dominant position) over the globe; it still dominates the world today. 美國(guó)取得并且保持了在全球的支配地位,現(xiàn)在美國(guó)依然在世界上占主導(dǎo)。
Dominate, dominance, dominant分別為動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞形式。Predominance意思無(wú)根本變化,pre(=before)不過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)領(lǐng)先于人而已。
He has achieved his goal; he has had great achievements in economics.
他實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的目標(biāo),在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上取得了巨大的成就。(achieve意思依搭配關(guān)系變化,名詞為“成就”,即“取得的東西”)
52.例證題考察“先觀點(diǎn)+再例證”這種基本的段落模式。此題是較少見(jiàn)的問(wèn)法,是由觀點(diǎn)問(wèn)例證。多數(shù)題目是問(wèn)例證說(shuō)明何種觀點(diǎn)。“說(shuō)明”的表達(dá)方式多種多樣,以下是常見(jiàn)問(wèn)法:
X is mentioned to manifest/demonstrate/illustrate/show/indicate/suggest/imply/ exemplify ——.(提到某信息是為了說(shuō)明什么)
53.To infer means to figure out; to figure out means to get the meaning hidden in the words.
infer跟figure out同義,都是“推斷”,意思都是讀懂話“里”的話。(這就是為什么infer以in為詞頭,figure后跟的是out)
54.the revival of the US economy=the recovery of the US economy。再看restore his position恢復(fù)他的地位, revenge our defeat為我們的失敗復(fù)仇, reply to his request對(duì)他的要求進(jìn)行回復(fù), Renaissance文藝復(fù)興。阿姨(re=back)之表“回/復(fù)/反”,不是虛言!
精讀文章
第一段
段落解剖
首句:坐享其成的歷史可能會(huì)是個(gè)dreadful handicap(不認(rèn)識(shí)沒(méi)關(guān)系,后面有but), 但如果處理得當(dāng),可能成為驅(qū)動(dòng)力。因?yàn)閎ut后才是核心,前面可以不理。此句明顯是一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),意味著后文是對(duì)它的解釋說(shuō)明,與它一致。
二句:當(dāng)二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)進(jìn)入一個(gè)glowing時(shí)期,它有一個(gè)比對(duì)手大得多的市場(chǎng),給了其各個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)以economies of scale. (根據(jù)歷史知識(shí),我們知道二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)進(jìn)入繁榮時(shí)期成為世界霸主;市場(chǎng)最大,與給各產(chǎn)業(yè)以economies of scale兩個(gè)部分是一致的。那么想:規(guī)模大有什么好處?有規(guī)模就會(huì)更有效更經(jīng)濟(jì),也就是字面上的“規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟(jì)”)
三句:科學(xué)家和工人都最牛(足矣)。
四句:美國(guó)的繁榮起出歐洲和亞洲,(因?yàn)椋┖髢烧叩慕?jīng)濟(jì)已為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)所毀。
詞匯選講
Less:從數(shù)量到程度
The origin of “less” may have been lost.
Less這個(gè)詞的來(lái)源可能已經(jīng)迷失了。
little, less, least
不錯(cuò),從源頭上考察,less, least分別為little的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),分別為“較少的”“最少的”。
I have less money than he. 我比他有更少的錢(qián)(錢(qián)沒(méi)他多)。
I have the least money among my colleagues.在同事中,我的錢(qián)最少。
要注意的是,詞往往不會(huì)安分守己,喜歡引申變化。
I am less rich than he。
I am the least rich among my colleagues.
不能機(jī)械地說(shuō)成“我比它更少的富裕”或“我在同事中最少富裕”。
東西,可以說(shuō)多少;貧富,只能講程度。
我不如他富有。
我是最不富裕的。
同理,多與更多最多,也會(huì)引申成程度,只是我們已經(jīng)很熟悉。
I have as much money as he. 我跟他有同樣多的錢(qián)。(說(shuō)錢(qián),指數(shù)量)
I am as much a rich man as he. 他跟他一樣,也是個(gè)富人。(貧富程度相同,再不是多少,翻譯時(shí),化為一個(gè)“也”字)
I have more money than he. 我比他有更多的錢(qián)。(說(shuō)錢(qián),指數(shù)量)
I am more of a teacher than he. 我比它更像一個(gè)老師。(在稱為老師這一點(diǎn)上,我更高一籌)
總結(jié):數(shù)量多少,可引申成程度高低,漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)要靈活。
再進(jìn)一步,less還會(huì)干脆表示徹底的否定“沒(méi)有/無(wú)/不”,但只限于做另一個(gè)詞的跟屁蟲(chóng)(所謂后綴)。
Valueless, priceless 分別為沒(méi)有價(jià)值的,無(wú)價(jià)的(沒(méi)有價(jià)格可以衡量)
Countless, effortless 無(wú)數(shù)的,沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)努力的(不勞而獲坐享其成的)
a handicap是“一個(gè)障礙”,可望文生義。該詞前面是hand, 后面是cap。手里拿著個(gè)帽子(with a cap in the hand),無(wú)論對(duì)于give sb a beat(揍人)還是給戀人一個(gè)擁抱(hug/embrace your lover),確實(shí)是個(gè)障礙(obstacle, sth in the way, disadvantage)。
而如果沒(méi)有帽子或者其它東東(without the hat or other objects),手是極靈活有用的(very flexible)。或者更應(yīng)該說(shuō)(Or rather),hand代表著靈活,可表示各種動(dòng)作。
若我的父親積有a considerable amount of private property(相當(dāng)一筆私有財(cái)產(chǎn)),他老人家一旦駕鶴西游(pass away/die),一般會(huì)hand it over to me(把它交給我),而我作為一個(gè)ordinary human being, 也會(huì)毫不客氣地take it over(把它接受過(guò)來(lái))。
如果說(shuō)上面還可以的“移交”還跟手扯得上關(guān)系,下面基本上沒(méi)手什么事了。
We are still subject to the traditions handed down from generation to generation.
我們依然受到一代一代傳下來(lái)的傳統(tǒng)的制約。
Handle也是這個(gè)道理——看清楚了里面有個(gè)hand吧?追根索源,本指“把手/柄”。
He took the handle of the tool by hand and handed it to me.
它用手抓住工具的把手,將它遞給了我。(hand用法確實(shí)神奇吧?。?br />
便因?yàn)楹薶and, 當(dāng)handle轉(zhuǎn)為動(dòng)詞,就神通廣大了。
Glass! Handle with care!
You can also handle a weapon/a car/a problem/some people/words.
可以根據(jù)搭配理解成:__武器__汽車(chē)__問(wèn)題__人__語(yǔ)言__
這時(shí)候的理解只跟漢語(yǔ)有關(guān):使用武器、開(kāi)汽車(chē)、處理問(wèn)題、管理人、運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。
Therefore(因此), it should be no wonder(不應(yīng)奇怪), “handy”不是“手的”,而是“方便的/靈活的”。
跟憑借著“hand”大顯神通的handle類(lèi)似的,是來(lái)自于“deal”(交易)的短語(yǔ)deal with。
You can deal with a weapon/a car/a problem/some people/words.
意思幾乎完全相同。
如此好詞,寫(xiě)作里不用,豈不可惜?
第二段
段落解剖
首句:優(yōu)勢(shì)收窄(this primacy have narrowed)不可避免。
二句:由just as inevitably(同樣不可避免)可看出,此句與首句并列,這一優(yōu)勢(shì)收窄的過(guò)程(the retreat from predominance=this primacy have narrowed)是痛苦的。
其余句:由by the mid-1980s可知要講具體的事情(時(shí)間像地點(diǎn)人物環(huán)境等一樣,是敘述事件的要素),當(dāng)然是要支撐前兩句的觀點(diǎn),也就是要具體說(shuō)明如何失去優(yōu)勢(shì),如何痛苦法。
后文既然要與前文一致,下面可以施展凌波微步功夫,讀作:
三句:By the mid-1980s(到此時(shí)),美國(guó)人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己——失去優(yōu)勢(shì)了(句子后面的at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness就不用糾纏詞語(yǔ)了)。
四句:美國(guó)一些大的產(chǎn)業(yè)——失去優(yōu)勢(shì)了(誰(shuí)要你認(rèn)識(shí)had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition?。?。
五句:到1987年,美國(guó)只剩一家電視機(jī)廠(優(yōu)勢(shì)全無(wú))。
六句:一度似乎,semiconductors(誰(shuí)問(wèn)你這是什么東西了?)的生產(chǎn),將是下一個(gè)要失去優(yōu)勢(shì)的(看到一個(gè)next就夠了,casualties等等,無(wú)關(guān)緊要)。
詞匯選講
Inevitable: 不可……的
如inevitable這樣的詞,即使未曾謀面,萍水相逢,也該心中有譜:前面in(不),后面able(可),中間再根據(jù)情況填空就是了。
Water is incompatible with fire.
水與火不可___。
Incompatible雖然很酷很有層次,但要得出“水火不融”的意思,應(yīng)該不難。如果還能看看中間的com(一起),“不能在一起”,更是清清楚楚明明白白。
The international community wants DPRK to cancel its nuclear program irreversibly.
國(guó)際社會(huì)想要朝鮮以不可……的方式取消其核計(jì)劃。
若能看看re=back, 也不難得出“不可逆轉(zhuǎn)”。
簡(jiǎn)單的如incredible, unbelievable(不可相信,難以置信)更不在話下。
the retreat from predominance
在構(gòu)詞法足矣。
從pre(前面/領(lǐng)先)re(=back, 返回/后退),結(jié)合文章談?wù)摰拿绹?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì),即是從領(lǐng)頭羊的位置跌下來(lái),不再領(lǐng)先了的這一過(guò)程。
Prove一族: 兩面派
Prove的困難,在于它如同男人一樣,不止一面,而你不知道它何時(shí)是哪一面,于是就暈了。
We tend to prove that we are right.
我們總傾向于去證明自己是對(duì)的。
He proved clever/a bright student.
*他證明聰明/他證明一個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。
他是聰明的/他是一個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。
總結(jié):
“證明”后面要名詞賓語(yǔ),“證明啥”說(shuō)得通就是證明,說(shuō)不通就相當(dāng)于BE。
跟prove一家的,首先有一個(gè)turn out。
Turn out products/books/a foreigner
生產(chǎn)出產(chǎn)品、出版書(shū)籍、趕出一個(gè)外國(guó)人(表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作,共同的是方向?yàn)閛ut, 具體意思根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系)
He turned out very clever.
He turned out a clever student.
動(dòng)賓關(guān)系說(shuō)不通,也就相當(dāng)于BE。
他很聰明。
他是一個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生。
普通動(dòng)詞兼職做系動(dòng)詞的這種兩面派,常用的還有幾個(gè)。
I have kept the book. I have kept silent.
我一直保存著這本書(shū)(保存書(shū))。我一直沉默(我沉默)。
I have got the result. It’s getting cold.
我已經(jīng)獲得了結(jié)果(獲得結(jié)果)。天氣正變得冷起來(lái)(天氣冷)。
第三段
段落解剖
首句:這些導(dǎo)致了信心危機(jī)。
二句:美國(guó)人不再將繁榮當(dāng)成是當(dāng)然的。聯(lián)系首句一看,不就是解釋信心危機(jī)嗎——咱美國(guó)人也不一定就那么繁榮!
三句:他們開(kāi)始相信做生意的方式不行了,收入也會(huì)下降。
四句:句型比較詭異,更要聯(lián)系前文??磶讉€(gè)關(guān)鍵詞:inquiry(探尋/詢問(wèn))、美國(guó)工業(yè)衰退的原因。看看第二句:不再當(dāng)成當(dāng)然了(即終于明白好壞都有原因);再看這句:探求不行的原因。不是一回事嗎?不再那么自信自負(fù)了,踏踏實(shí)實(shí)找原因。
五句:看幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單詞findings, warnings, competition from overseas,結(jié)合本段主題“信心危機(jī)”自然就是:上句說(shuō)到的探尋原因,最終發(fā)現(xiàn)是醒到來(lái)自海外的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
詞匯解析
crisis: Don’t cry over crisis!
2008年第一場(chǎng)雪到來(lái)之有,先來(lái)了一場(chǎng)financial crisis(金融危機(jī))。
The Americans had somewhat gone to extremes in taking advantages of financial tools, finally having to pay the price for the power abuse and take effective measures. After all, it’s no use crying over spilt milk.
美國(guó)人在利用金融工具的時(shí)候多少走了些極端,最終不得不為此權(quán)力濫用付出代價(jià)并且采取有效措施。畢竟,倒掉的牛奶光是哭沒(méi)有用。
就拿cry再記crisis吧:有crisis, 只有cry, 但光cry對(duì)于crisis也沒(méi)用。
詞匯選講
Take… for granted
不妨從grant下手。它是“給予”四人幫之一。
Give them some warnings 給他們一些警告(普通的“給”)
Award them a prize 授予他們一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)(給獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))
Offer them some help 為他們提供一些幫助((給好的東西)
Grant them some money for academic research發(fā)給他們一筆錢(qián)搞學(xué)術(shù)研究(為某種目的白給錢(qián))
再看take:
Take away what’s valueless. 帶走那些沒(méi)有價(jià)值的東西。
It takes time and efforts. 這事得花時(shí)間、也要努力。
Take it easy; don’t take it so seriously.
放松一些(輕松對(duì)待),別這么認(rèn)真(對(duì)待這事)。
既然take可以表示“對(duì)待”,grant又是白給,take…for granted, 字面義就是把……看成白給的,即“想當(dāng)然”。
Don’t take success for granted; effortless success rarely takes place.
別把成功當(dāng)成當(dāng)然的;不勞而獲的成功很少出現(xiàn)。
第四段
段落解剖
首句:局勢(shì)的變化多么快啊!為承前啟后之句。前面應(yīng)該有某種局勢(shì),回顧一下,就是“信心危機(jī)”。既然說(shuō)變化很快,后面應(yīng)該說(shuō)的是有信心了。
二句:1995年美國(guó)看過(guò)去五年,是好的,而日本,是壞的。(知道是給人“信心”的“好”景象就是,管它什么solid growth)
三句:沒(méi)有幾個(gè)美國(guó)人將它歸于明顯的原因如dued dollar或the turning of the business cycle(這些是什么無(wú)關(guān)緊要)。要讀出的是言外之意,這也必須得聯(lián)系前文所說(shuō)的“自信”。美國(guó)人不將此歸因于A或者B這些因素,潛臺(tái)詞是:自信是自己把經(jīng)濟(jì)給弄好的。
四句:自我懷疑已讓位于盲目驕傲。讀到此處才明白上一句的真正用意:作者認(rèn)為美國(guó)人是盲目驕傲,覺(jué)得是自己想辦法把事情弄好的。潛臺(tái)詞是:其實(shí)不然。
五句:哈佛一牛人說(shuō),美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)如何了,如何了,又學(xué)會(huì)怎樣了。(具體做的事情根本不重要,而是作者引用這一牛人所說(shuō)的話,是來(lái)支持自己,還是作為批判的靶子?看第四句才知:牛人的話是盲目驕傲。
六句:另一個(gè)牛人說(shuō)他感到驕傲。什么驕傲?盲目驕傲。
七句:再來(lái)一個(gè)哈佛牛人說(shuō)那是美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)管理的黃金時(shí)代。作者的潛臺(tái)詞:別美了,根本不是你管出來(lái)的!
詞匯選講
attribute sth to sth
We can attribute the phenomenon to several factors.
我們可以將這種現(xiàn)象歸于幾個(gè)因素。(寫(xiě)作文時(shí)很好用吧)
ascribe sth to sth
He ascribed his success to a combination of talent and fortune.
他將成功歸于天才與好運(yùn)的結(jié)合。
devote sth to sth
We are expected to devote all our energy and youth to globalization.
我們應(yīng)該將我們所有的精力與青春投入到全球化當(dāng)中去。
accustom sth to sth
It takes quite a while to accustom ourselves to the special climate there.
要使我們自己適應(yīng)那里的特殊氛圍,頗需要一些時(shí)間。
adapt sth to sth
They found it urgent to adapt themselves to the environment.
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)使自己適應(yīng)環(huán)境這件事情非常緊迫。
relate sth to sth
People tend to relate one’s performance to his education background.
人們總是將一個(gè)人的表現(xiàn)與其教育背景聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
link sth to sth
The process of thought always involves linking concepts to realities.
思維過(guò)程總是涉及到將概念與現(xiàn)實(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
apply sth to sth
Theory is one thing; applying theory to practice is another thing.
理論是一回事,將理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐是另一回事。
小結(jié):以上動(dòng)詞用法均為“動(dòng)+賓+介”,往往理解成“將/把/使……”。
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