VOA慢速英語(yǔ):US Senate Repeals One Farm Subsidy, Adds Another

From VOA Learning English, this is the Agriculture Report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)農(nóng)業(yè)報(bào)道。

The United States Senate has voted to cut a program that makes $5 billion a year in direct payments to farmers. But senators added new subsidies that critics say could hurt farmers in other countries more than the existing program.

美國(guó)參議院已經(jīng)投票通過(guò)了削減一個(gè)每年向農(nóng)民提供50億美元直接補(bǔ)貼的項(xiàng)目。但參議員又增加了新的補(bǔ)貼項(xiàng)目，批評(píng)人士表示，它會(huì)給其他國(guó)家農(nóng)民帶來(lái)比舊項(xiàng)目更大的傷害。

The vote was part of $955 billion Farm Bill approved by a wide majority in the Senate, both Democrats and Republicans. It would cut about $24 billion from the budget over 10 years, in part by cuttting the direct payments. Farmers received these payments, whether they had good years or bad.

這次投票是一項(xiàng)價(jià)值9550億美元的農(nóng)業(yè)法案的一部分，該法案在參議院同時(shí)獲得了民主黨和共和黨的廣泛支持。在未來(lái)10年它會(huì)削減240億美元預(yù)算，部分是通過(guò)削減直接補(bǔ)貼。無(wú)論年頭好壞農(nóng)民之前都能獲得這項(xiàng)補(bǔ)貼。

But high crop prices along with historically high farm profits, and reduced federal spending made the payments politically unpopular. Eliminating the payments was a big change in the new farm bill.

但高糧價(jià)伴隨處于歷史高位的農(nóng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)，以及聯(lián)邦支出減少使得這種補(bǔ)貼在政治上不合時(shí)宜。取消這種補(bǔ)貼是新農(nóng)業(yè)法案中的一個(gè)很大變化。

Senator Debbie Stabenow heads the Agriculture Committee.

參議員黛比·施塔貝諾(Debbie Stabenow)是(美國(guó)參議院)農(nóng)業(yè)委員會(huì)的負(fù)責(zé)人。

"It's a reform bill, it ends subsidies and moves us in the direction of risk management and we are very proud of the work that we have done."

她說(shuō)，“這是一項(xiàng)改革法案，它會(huì)取消補(bǔ)貼，將我們推向風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理。我們對(duì)自己所做的工作感到非常自豪。”

The senate bill would help farmers manage the risks of bad weather as well as bad markets. It would do this by offering crop insurance to farmers raising crops that have not previously been covered by the insurance. And it would make payments to farmers if prices drop too much.

這項(xiàng)參議院法案將有助于農(nóng)民管理惡劣天氣和不利市場(chǎng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。它會(huì)通過(guò)向之前未被保險(xiǎn)覆蓋的種植農(nóng)作物的農(nóng)民提供農(nóng)作物保險(xiǎn)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這點(diǎn)。如果糧價(jià)下降太多，它還會(huì)向農(nóng)民提供補(bǔ)貼。

Senator Steppernow says the goal is to help the farmers who provide the United States with a safe, affordable food supply. But critics say the bill goes too far.

施塔貝諾參議員表示，其目標(biāo)是幫助為美國(guó)提了供安全、價(jià)格合理的食品供應(yīng)的農(nóng)民。但批評(píng)人士稱(chēng)該法案有點(diǎn)過(guò)度。

Vince Smith is an economist at Montana State University, he says the new guarantee to pay farmers if prices drop too much could cause trouble for the United States at the World Trade Organization.

文斯·史密斯(Vince Smith)是蒙大拿州立大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，他表示糧價(jià)下跌過(guò)多就補(bǔ)貼農(nóng)民的這一新的保障措施可能會(huì)讓美國(guó)在世貿(mào)組織遇到麻煩。

"When prices fall from the current levels, subsidies to a whole plethora of crops go up. Well, that's exactly when countries like Brazil will bring trade dispute cases claiming price suppression in world markets."

他說(shuō)，“如果價(jià)格從目前的水平下跌，就會(huì)向所有過(guò)剩農(nóng)作物提供補(bǔ)貼。這時(shí)候巴西等國(guó)家就會(huì)發(fā)起貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)議案件聲稱(chēng)全球市場(chǎng)上價(jià)格受抑。”

Brazil has already won a WTO case against the United States over cotton subsidies. Mr Smith says the new Farm Bill could revive that dispute.

巴西已經(jīng)針對(duì)美國(guó)的棉花補(bǔ)貼贏(yíng)得了一起世貿(mào)組織案件。史密斯先生表示，這項(xiàng)新的農(nóng)業(yè)法案會(huì)再次激起這一爭(zhēng)議。

The bill would also lead the government buy $60 million in emergency food aid closer to where a crisis is happening. Supporter say doing that is faster and cheaper that shipping food from the United States and could save more lives.

該法案也會(huì)導(dǎo)致美國(guó)政府在危機(jī)發(fā)生地周邊購(gòu)買(mǎi)6000萬(wàn)美元的糧食緊急援助。支持者表示，這樣做比從美國(guó)運(yùn)糧食更快更便宜，還能挽救更多生命。

Eric Munoz with the anti-poverty group Oxfam says it is a good step. But he notes that it is a very small part of a food aid budget of more than $1 billion.

埃里克·穆尼奧斯(Eric Munoz)就職于扶貧組織樂(lè)施會(huì)(Oxfam)，他表示這是一個(gè)很好的舉措。但他指出，這只是超過(guò)10億美元的糧食援助預(yù)算中的極小一部分。

"It is a very small portion of a relatively large program. So I think we're just at the beginning, really, of creating the kind of flexibility for food aid that we'd like to see on a much larger scale."

他說(shuō)，“這是一個(gè)規(guī)模相當(dāng)大的項(xiàng)目中極小的一部分。所以我認(rèn)為這只是建立糧食援助的這種靈活性的開(kāi)始，我們希望看到它規(guī)模變得更大。”