VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：直面返校壓力：第二部分

Dealing With Back-to-School Stress: Part 2

處理返校壓力：第二部分

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)健康和生活報(bào)道。

It is back-to-school time in the United States. Back-to-school stress is different for different ages. Younger children may feel scared to leave their families. Making new friends and dealing with bullying can also cause stress for students. Older students may stress about their appearances, grades and getting into college.

現(xiàn)在是美國(guó)開(kāi)學(xué)返校的時(shí)間。不同年齡學(xué)生面臨的返校壓力是不同的。年齡較小的孩子可能會(huì)害怕離開(kāi)家人。結(jié)交新朋友以及應(yīng)對(duì)欺凌也會(huì)給學(xué)生造成壓力。年齡較大的學(xué)生可能會(huì)對(duì)自己的外表、成績(jī)或是升學(xué)有壓力。

School events and programs can help reduce stress

學(xué)校活動(dòng)和課程可以幫助減輕壓力

Many schools have events and programs that can help to cut down on student stress. Some offer open houses. At these events, parents can meet the teachers and see where their children are learning.

很多學(xué)校都有可以幫助學(xué)生減壓的活動(dòng)和課程。有些學(xué)校提供開(kāi)放日。在這些活動(dòng)中，家長(zhǎng)可以見(jiàn)到老師并看到他們的孩子在哪學(xué)習(xí)。

At the start of a school year, many schools invite students and their families to orientations. These events give everyone a chance to become more familiar with the environment. Families can practice their school commute. Students can find out where their classrooms are located.

在新學(xué)年開(kāi)始時(shí)，很多學(xué)校會(huì)邀請(qǐng)學(xué)生及其家人參加迎新會(huì)。這些活動(dòng)讓每個(gè)人都有機(jī)會(huì)更加熟悉環(huán)境。各個(gè)家庭可以練習(xí)他們的上學(xué)通勤。學(xué)生們可以找到他們的教室在哪。

The American Psychological Association says parents can better help their children if they meet teachers and classmates and know the daily routine and school environment.

美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)表示，如果家長(zhǎng)們見(jiàn)到了老師和同學(xué)，并且了解了日常生活和學(xué)校環(huán)境，他們就能更好地幫助孩子。

For younger children, seeing their parents in their classroom can help make it seem more familiar. And even older students can benefit from events and activities that make the school seem like a friendly place.

對(duì)年齡較小的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，看到家長(zhǎng)走進(jìn)他們的教室有助于讓教室看起來(lái)更熟悉。甚至年齡較大的學(xué)生也能從中受益，這會(huì)讓學(xué)?？雌饋?lái)更加友好。

Making connections in the classroom

在教室中建立人際關(guān)系

Many schools have mentoring programs. In these programs, older students help younger ones understand the rules and culture of the school.

很多學(xué)校都有指導(dǎo)課程。在這些課程中，年齡較大的學(xué)生幫助年齡較小的學(xué)生了解學(xué)校的規(guī)章和文化。

Communicating with students is also good advice for teachers.

與學(xué)生交流也是對(duì)老師的一項(xiàng)好建議。

Mary Anne Aidala began teaching in the New York school system in 1962. She retired 39 years later, in 2001. Ms. Aidala suggests that teachers share details about themselves.

瑪麗·安妮·艾達(dá)拉(Mary Anne Aidala)于1962年開(kāi)始在紐約教育系統(tǒng)任教，然后在39年之后的2001年退休。艾達(dá)拉女士建議教師們?cè)敿?xì)介紹自己。

These personal conversations can help to create meaningful connections in the classroom. They can also reduce nervousness and stress among the students. Ms. Aidala adds that teachers should also invite children to talk about their families and describe what they did over the summer.

這類個(gè)人對(duì)話可以幫助在教室中建立有意義的人際關(guān)系。它們還能減輕學(xué)生們的緊張和壓力。艾達(dá)拉女士補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，教師們還應(yīng)該請(qǐng)孩子們談?wù)撍麄兊募彝ィ⒚枋鏊麄冊(cè)谙奶於几闪诵┦裁础?/p>

"Well, the teacher has to be very open. The teacher has to tell them something also about herself, so they feel a connection. And then you can ask them if they want to share some of the things that they did in July and August with their families or friends, or camp experiences, activities that they were in and places that they might have visited."

艾達(dá)拉女士說(shuō)：“教師們必須非常坦率。老師還必須告訴他們一些關(guān)于自己的事情，這樣學(xué)生們就會(huì)感覺(jué)親切。然后你可以詢問(wèn)他們是否想要分享他們?cè)谄甙嗽路莞H朋好友做過(guò)的一些事情，或是露營(yíng)經(jīng)歷、他們參加的活動(dòng)以及他們可能去過(guò)的地方。”

The American Psychological Association also reminds parents to talk to their children. Ask them what they liked about their past school experiences. And then find ways to have similar experiences in the new school year.

美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)也提醒父母跟子女交流。問(wèn)問(wèn)他們對(duì)以前上學(xué)經(jīng)歷的喜好，然后在新學(xué)年想辦法獲得類似經(jīng)歷。

The APA adds that, sometimes, stress of the school year is too much for you and your child to handle on your own. If that happens, find a mental health professional to talk to.

美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，有時(shí)候?qū)W年壓力對(duì)你和你的孩子自行處理來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)于沉重。如果發(fā)生這種情況，找一位心理健康專業(yè)人士來(lái)談?wù)劇?/p>

Don't schedule to many activities for your children

不要給孩子安排過(guò)多活動(dòng)

Carrie Anne Tocci is an educational expert who has worked with families to help their children to succeed in school.

凱莉·安妮·圖奇(Carrie Anne Tocci)是一名協(xié)同家人幫助孩子學(xué)業(yè)有成的教育專家。

Ms. Tocci advises parents to:

圖奇女士建議家長(zhǎng)：

not over-schedule your child with extracurricular activities

不要給孩子過(guò)度安排課外活動(dòng)

use technology to remind you of events and to keep schedules organized

使用科技手段提醒自己讓活動(dòng)安排有序

and to set clear goals

并制定明確目標(biāo)。

"Well, starting the new school year, we want to be mindful about not overloading our schedule. So, only the extracurricular activities that are mandatory. I also recommend using technology when it's helpful, you might want to use the reminders app on your phone and your child's phone, maybe Google Calendar, sync your phone with Google Calendar ... and to have specific goals and to visualize those goals with your child."

圖奇女士說(shuō)：“那么我需要提醒大家，從新學(xué)年開(kāi)始不要過(guò)度安排日程，只參加強(qiáng)制性的課外活動(dòng)。我還建議采用有效的科技手段，你可能會(huì)想要使用你自己或孩子手機(jī)上的提醒應(yīng)用程序，像是谷歌日歷，將你的手機(jī)與谷歌日歷同步。另外還要制定具體目標(biāo)，并跟孩子一起想象這些目標(biāo)。”

Ms. Tocci also suggests that if someone in the family has a learning style close to that of the student, that person could help with homework. This relationship may help cut down on stress.

圖奇女士還建議，如果家中有人跟孩子的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格接近，那么這個(gè)人就可以輔導(dǎo)孩子的家庭作業(yè)。這種關(guān)系可能有助于減輕壓力。

Take a break!

休息片刻!

Everyone needs a break from work. Family meals and outings can help everyone relax. A family game night or walk in a park together can give parents and children a chance to have fun as a family.

每個(gè)人都需要在工作間隙休息一會(huì)。家庭聚餐和郊游可以幫助大家放松身心。家庭游戲之夜或是在公園一起散步可以讓家長(zhǎng)和孩子有機(jī)會(huì)共享天倫之樂(lè)。

Education adviser Carrie Anne Tocci also reminds parents to let their children take a break while doing homework. She says if a student has hours of homework to complete, taking several 10-minute breaks can reduce stress.

教育顧問(wèn)圖奇女士還建議家長(zhǎng)讓孩子在做功課時(shí)休息一會(huì)。她說(shuō)，如果一個(gè)學(xué)生需要完成幾個(gè)小時(shí)的功課，可以進(jìn)行幾次為時(shí)十分鐘的休息以減輕壓力。

Ms. Tocci adds that taking breaks while studying can help a student remember, or retain, what they have learned.

圖奇女士補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)休息可以幫助學(xué)生記住他們學(xué)過(guò)的內(nèi)容。

"It's really, really important to take breaks. If you don't take breaks, we're more likely to create more stress. And research shows you're more likely to retain information that way."

她說(shuō)：“休息真的非常重要。如果不休息，我們可能就會(huì)更有壓力。研究表明，休息也會(huì)讓你更可能記住東西。”

The teenagers who responded to the APA survey listed the ways they like to unwind or relax. The top most common ways are:

參與美國(guó)心理學(xué)會(huì)調(diào)查的青少年們列出了他們喜歡的放松方式。最常見(jiàn)的辦法就是：

listening to music (67%)

聽(tīng)音樂(lè)(67%)

playing video games (46%)

玩游戲(46%)

going online (43%)

上網(wǎng)(43%)

spending time with family or friends (43%)

和親朋好友聚會(huì)(43%)

exercising or walking (37%)

鍛煉或是散步(37%)

And that's the Health & Lifestyle report.

以上就是本期美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)健康和生活報(bào)道的全部?jī)?nèi)容。

I'm Anna Matteo.

安娜·馬特奧報(bào)道。