VOA慢速英語(yǔ):Bangladesh Passes Bill to Tighten Control on Grameen Bank

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

這里是美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道。

This week, Bangladesh's Parliament passed a law that brings the Grameen Bank under control of the country's Central Bank. Women directors of the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh had promised to protest government moves to control the bank.

本周，孟加拉國(guó)議會(huì)通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法令，將格萊珉銀行(又譯作鄉(xiāng)村銀行)置于該國(guó)央行控制之下。孟加拉國(guó)格萊珉銀行的女董事們?cè)兄Z要抗議政府控制該行的舉措。

Grameen means rural or village in the Bengali language. Grameen Bank's headquarters is in the capital, dhaka. 9 of the bank's 12 voting directors are currently village women. They recently condemned the new law. The Grameen Bank bill of 2013 will give Bangladesh's Central Bank the power to appoint 3 bank directors.

在孟加拉語(yǔ)中，格萊珉的意思是鄉(xiāng)村。格萊珉銀行總部位于該國(guó)首都達(dá)卡。目前12位表決董事中有9位是農(nóng)村婦女。她們最近譴責(zé)了這項(xiàng)新法令?！?013年格萊珉銀行法案》賦權(quán)孟加拉國(guó)央行委任三位銀行董事。

Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina sent the bill to Parliament last week. The current directors question the government's right to seize control of the bank. They warn that this would destroy the success operation of a bank owned mostly by low-income women. They also called for future protests.

孟加拉國(guó)總理謝赫·哈西娜(Sheikh Hasina)上周將該議案遞交國(guó)會(huì)。格萊珉銀行現(xiàn)任董事們質(zhì)疑政府是否有權(quán)奪取該行的控制權(quán)。他們警告說(shuō)，這會(huì)破壞這家主要由低收入婦女擁有的銀行的成功運(yùn)作。他們還呼吁進(jìn)行抗議。

Grameen was the first bank to make small loans to low-income people. Bangladesh economist Muhammad Yunus started the bank in 1976. Micro-lending quickly spread around the world. Such loan programs are now available in almost every country.

格萊珉是首家向低收入人群提供小額貸款的銀行。孟加拉國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家穆罕默德·尤努斯(Muhammad Yunus)于1976年創(chuàng)建了格萊珉銀行。小額貸款迅速傳播到世界各地?，F(xiàn)在幾乎每個(gè)國(guó)家都有這類貸款項(xiàng)目。

Studies from many countries show the small loans have a powerful effect. Yet critics say it is not clear that such loans help families out of poverty. Some borrowers spend loan money to buy new things, instead of creating or expanding a business.

來(lái)自多個(gè)國(guó)家的研究表明小額貸款具有強(qiáng)大影響力。然而批評(píng)人士表示，這類貸款是否能幫助家庭擺脫貧困尚不明確。一些借款人使用貸款購(gòu)買新東西，而不是用于建立或擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)。

In 2006, the Grameen Bank and Mr Yunus jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize. A documentary shown in Norway in 2010 raised questions about bank practices. After the documentary, the Nobel Prize Committee expressed support for the bank and for Yunus. But the Bangladesh government began efforts to oust him.

2006年，格萊珉銀行和尤努斯先生共同獲得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。2010年在挪威播映的一則紀(jì)錄片對(duì)銀行的做法提出了質(zhì)疑。在紀(jì)錄片播映之后，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)對(duì)該行和尤努斯先生表達(dá)了支持。但孟加拉國(guó)政府開(kāi)始努力把他趕下臺(tái)。

In 2011, a court in Bangladesh forced him from his position for violating a Retirement Age Law. In September of this year, the government accused him of not paying tax. Mr Yunus denied the accusation. Critics of the government say the campaign against the Grameen Bank and Mr Yunus began in 2007, when he suggested he might run for office to answer problems with corruption in Bangladesh.

2011年，孟加拉國(guó)一家法院以違反退休年齡法為由迫使他離職。今年9月，該國(guó)政府指控他逃稅。尤努斯先生否認(rèn)了這些指控。政府批評(píng)人士表示，針對(duì)格萊珉銀行和尤努斯先生的運(yùn)動(dòng)始于2007年，當(dāng)時(shí)尤努斯先生暗示他可能參加競(jìng)選以解決孟加拉國(guó)的腐敗問(wèn)題。

In recent speeches, Mr Yunus has said, he wants to create what he calls social businesses. He says social businesses would earn profits, but the profits would not go to owners. He say they would be used to help people and the environment.

在最近的講話中，尤努斯先生表示他想要?jiǎng)?chuàng)辦他所謂的社會(huì)企業(yè)。他說(shuō)，社會(huì)企業(yè)會(huì)賺取利潤(rùn)，但這些利潤(rùn)不歸企業(yè)主所有。他說(shuō)，這些利潤(rùn)將用于幫助人們和保護(hù)環(huán)境。