VOA慢速英語:UN: Rethink Economic Approach for Least Developed Countries

From VOA Learning English, this is the Economics Report.

這里是美國之音慢速英語經(jīng)濟(jì)報(bào)道。

A new United Nations report says the world's poorest countries should rethink their economic policies, because they are failing to create jobs for their citizens.

聯(lián)合國一份新的報(bào)告稱，世界上最窮的這些國家應(yīng)該重新考慮其經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，因?yàn)樗麄兾茨芙o本國公民創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

The U.N. Conference on Trade and Development is warning that current policies will not do a lot to reduce poverty, because so few jobs are being created.

聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易及發(fā)展會(huì)議警告稱，當(dāng)前政策對減少貧困幫助不大，因?yàn)閯?chuàng)造的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)不多。

The U.N. report warns of social unrest and growing numbers of emigrants if the employment situation in these countries does not improved.

這份聯(lián)合國報(bào)告警告說，如果這些國家的就業(yè)形勢不出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩和移民人數(shù)攀升。

Taffere Tesfachew is with the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development. He says a new way of thinking is needed. He says no one questions the need for economic growth. But that growth needs to create jobs.

特斯法楚(Taffere Tesfachew)就職于聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會(huì)議。他說，必須要換一種新的思路，他說沒人質(zhì)疑經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的必要性，但經(jīng)濟(jì)增長必須要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造就業(yè)。

"We are not questioning growth and growth matters very much, it is absolutely critical. Nobody is changing their views on the need for growth. But I think the question is - perhaps there is a way you grow and create employment, and there is a way you grow you do not create employment. The policies followed by many least developed countries and those especially which did not create employment while there is a need to create employment."

特斯法楚說，“我們不是在質(zhì)疑增長和增長問題，很顯然它很關(guān)鍵。沒人改變自己對增長的看法。但我認(rèn)為問題在于，可能有一種辦法能夠保持增長并創(chuàng)造就業(yè)，還有一種辦法能夠保持增長但不能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。這些政策被許多最不發(fā)達(dá)國家遵循，特別是那些需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造就業(yè)而未能創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的國家。”

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund have called for economic stability and liberalization policies for poor and undeveloped countries. But this policies have failed to create many jobs, even during the period of economic expansion from 2002 to 2008. During that period, many least developed countries grew each year at a rate of eight percent or more.

世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織呼吁貧窮和落后國家執(zhí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和自由化政策。但這種政策未能創(chuàng)造大量就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，即使是在2002年到2008年的經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)展期間。在那期間，許多最不發(fā)達(dá)國家每年以8%甚至更高的速度增長。

The United Nations has identified 49 "least developed countries." Thirty-four are in African, there are nine others in Asia, five in the Pacific and one in the Caribbean.

聯(lián)合國確定了49個(gè)最不發(fā)達(dá)國家，其中34個(gè)在非洲，另外有9個(gè)在亞洲，5個(gè)在太平洋地區(qū)，1個(gè)在加勒比地區(qū)。

Almost all of these countries face rising numbers of men and women entering the labor market. By 2050, the number of young people seeking jobs is expected to rise to 300 million.

幾乎所有這些國家都面臨著就業(yè)人數(shù)攀升。到2050年，預(yù)計(jì)求職的年輕人人數(shù)將增加到3億人。

Taffere Tesfachew says countries should invest in labor-intensive industries such as manufacturing to create jobs for the millions of unemployed.

特斯法楚表示，各國應(yīng)該投資于制造業(yè)之類的勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)，為數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的失業(yè)者提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。

"We really believe that infrastructural transformation, countries that are moving, jumping from agriculture to services, bypassing manufacturing, I think they will have a problem. The manufacturing sector, the industrial sector, particularly manufacturing, is I think critical for countries with large population."

他說，“我們確實(shí)認(rèn)為，在基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級中，繞過制造業(yè)直接從農(nóng)業(yè)跳到服務(wù)業(yè)的這些國家會(huì)遇到問題。我認(rèn)為，制造業(yè)、工業(yè)，尤其是制造業(yè)對人口眾多的國家來說非常關(guān)鍵。”

In the U.N. report, a country was considered a least developed when personal income is below $992 on a three-year average. The report also considered the economic problems each nation faced and its rating on the Human Assets Index. The Index measures issues like health, nutrition, school enrollment and literacy rates.

在這份聯(lián)合國報(bào)告中，個(gè)人三年平均收入低于992美元的國家被認(rèn)為是最不發(fā)達(dá)國家。該報(bào)告還考慮到了各國面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題，以及它們在人力資產(chǎn)指數(shù)上的排名。該指數(shù)會(huì)測算醫(yī)療、營養(yǎng)、入學(xué)率和識字率等問題。