中美對話“雙邊投資協(xié)定”成焦點(diǎn)

The 7th U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) and 6th Consultation on People-to-People Exchange (CPE) open at the U.S. State Department in Washington, DC, U.S. on Tuesday, June 23, 2015. [Photo: CRIENGLISH/Zhang Xu]

Talks on a bilateral investment treaty (BIT) will be high on the agenda during the upcoming annual Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) between China and the United States in Washington, D.C. and the two sides could seize the opportunity to finalize the deal before US President Barack Obama leaves office in January 2017, US experts said.

中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對話將在美國華盛頓舉行，美國專家預(yù)測稱，“雙邊投資協(xié)定”談判將成為此番對話的重要議題，中美雙方應(yīng)抓住機(jī)遇在奧巴馬2017年1月卸任前完成中美雙邊投資協(xié)定談判。

“雙邊投資協(xié)定”可以用 bilateral investment treaty (BIT) 表示，指國家與國家之間為鼓勵、促進(jìn)和保護(hù)本國公民在對方境內(nèi)投資而簽署的雙邊條約，內(nèi)容主要涉及投資保護(hù)的范圍、投資待遇、征收與補(bǔ)償、貨幣匯兌和爭端解決等內(nèi)容。

中美BIT談判于2008年正式啟動，迄今已進(jìn)行了19輪，雙方已首次交換負(fù)面清單出價(exchange initial negative list offers)，正式開啟負(fù)面清單談判。但不可否認(rèn)中美負(fù)面清單還有多重交戰(zhàn)。

中美雙邊投資協(xié)定談判主要分歧集中于三個方面：一是準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇(pre-establishment national treatment，PENT)和負(fù)面清單(negative list)問題，目前世界上至少有77個國家采用了“準(zhǔn)入前國民待遇加負(fù)面清單”(pre-establishment national treatment with a negative list)的外資管理模式;二是公平競爭(fair competition)問題;三是權(quán)益保障(protection of rights and interests)，主要涉及金融服務(wù)、稅收以及補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問題。