生態(tài)環(huán)境部通過行動方案：堅定禁止洋垃圾入境

The 2018-20 action plan for implementation of the country's reform plan to ban waste imports and the 2018 action plan for inspections on pollution caused by processing imported waste were approved on Monday by the first executive meeting of the newly established Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

生態(tài)環(huán)境部26日召開第一次常務會議，通過了關于全面落實禁止洋垃圾入境改革實施方案的2018—2020年行動方案，以及進口固體廢物加工利用企業(yè)環(huán)境違法問題專項督查2018年行動方案。

Workers check a load of imported leather scraps in Xiamen, Fujian province. LIN SHANCHUAN/Xinhua

洋垃圾(foreign garbage)，指進口固體廢物(imported solid waste)，有時又特指以走私、夾帶等方式進口國家禁止進口的固體廢物(banned solid waste smuggled into China)或未經許可擅自進口屬于限制進口的固體廢物。

2017年7月18日，中國正式通知世界貿易組織，從2017年年底開始將不再接收外來垃圾，包括廢棄塑膠(plastic waste)、紙類(paper waste)及紡織品(fabrics)等。

生態(tài)環(huán)境部有關負責人表示，禁止洋垃圾入境是黨中央、國務院在新時期新形勢下作出的一項重大決策部署，是我國生態(tài)文明建設的標志性舉措(a landmark measure for the country's construction of an ecological civilization)。“要堅定不移、不折不扣地落實好這項工作。要著眼于推動高質量發(fā)展，統(tǒng)籌考慮行動方案目標任務，全面提升我國固體廢物污染防治水平(improve China's capability in solid waste pollution control)。要加強部門間協(xié)調溝通，加大信息共享及聯(lián)動執(zhí)法力度，建立長效工作機制(a long-term working procedure featuring information sharing and coordinated law enforcement will be established)。要進一步完善監(jiān)管制度，強化洋垃圾非法入境管控(the border controls on illegal foreign garbage will be intensified)，深入實施全過程監(jiān)管(the entire process in the industry will be inspected)，確保各項任務落實到位。”

外交部發(fā)言人華春瑩26日在例行記者會上答問時說，禁止“洋垃圾”入境是中國依法享有的權利，美方官員就此表達的所謂“關切”于情不合，于理不通，于法無據。

我們來看一下現(xiàn)場的文字實錄：

問：據報道，美國官員23日在世貿組織貨物貿易理事會對中國決定停止接收“洋垃圾”表示關切，并稱中國限制進口可再利用商品嚴重干擾了全球廢舊物資供應鏈。中國似乎正在違反WTO義務，區(qū)別對待國內和國外垃圾產業(yè)并采取過度貿易限制政策。美方要求中方立即停止實施有關措施。中方對此有何回應?

Q: According to reports, American officials expressed concerns over China's decision to stop imports of "foreign garbage" on March 23 at the WTO Council for Trade in Goods meeting, saying that China's import restrictions on recycled commodities have caused a fundamental disruption in global supply chains for scrap materials. China seemed to be violating WTO obligations, treating domestic and foreign garbage with discrimination and taking excessive trade restrictions. The US asked China to stop implementing relevant measures immediately. What's your comment?

答：今年兩會期間，環(huán)保部部長李干杰已經回答過有關“洋垃圾”的問題。我只想說，你提到的美方有關官員表達的所謂“關切”于情不合，于理不通，于法無據。

A: During the Two Sessions this year, Minister of Environment Protection Li Ganjie already took relevant questions on "foreign trash". I would like to say that the so-called "concerns" of relevant US officials are unjustifiable, illegitimate and have no legal basis.

禁止“洋垃圾”入境，推進固體廢物進口管理制度改革，是中國政府貫徹落實新發(fā)展理念、著力改善生態(tài)環(huán)境質量、保障國家生態(tài)安全和人民群眾健康的一個重大舉措。這也是中國政府根據國際法享有的權利，得到了廣大中國人民的堅決支持。你提到的美方官員將中方正當合法舉動上綱上線，說什么“中方似乎正在違反WTO義務”，非常虛偽。難道美方對華限制高技術、高附加值產品的出口就是正當的，而中國依法限制洋垃圾進口就是違法的嗎?

Prohibiting the imports of foreign garbage and reforming the management system of solid waste imports are a major measure the Chinese government has taken in order to follow through on the new concept of development, improve the ecological and environmental quality and safeguard national ecological security and the health of people. This is also a right China is entitled to under international law and has been firmly supported by the people. The US officials are so hypocritical as they try to make an issue out of China's legitimate and lawful actions and accuse China of "seemingly violating WTO obligations". How could they claim that their restrictions on its exports of high-tech and high value-added products to China are legitimate while China's lawful restrictions on its imports of foreign garbage are illegal?

事實上，上世紀80年代末《控制危險廢物越境轉移及其處置的巴塞爾公約》充分確認，各個國家有權禁止外國危險廢物和其他廢物進入本國領土。公約還規(guī)定，各國有義務就近減量和處理各自危險廢物和其他廢物。希望美方根據巴塞爾公約精神，立足于自己減量、處理和消化自己產生的危險廢物和其他廢物，為世界承擔更多他們應盡的責任和義務。

In fact, the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal launched in the late 1980s fully confirms that all countries are entitled the right to prohibit foreign hazardous and other wastes from entering their territory. The Convention also stipulates that countries have the obligation to ensure that hazardous wastes and other wastes within it are minimumized and disposed as close as possible to their place of generation. We hope that the US side could focus on reducing, disposing and treating the hazardous wastes and other wastes it generated in accordance in the spirit of the Basel Convention and fulfill its due responsibilities and obligations for the world.