長(zhǎng)江禁漁新政：最遲2021年之前全面禁捕

根據(jù)《國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于加強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)江水生生物保護(hù)工作的意見》以及農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部、財(cái)政部和人力資源社會(huì)保障部印發(fā)的《長(zhǎng)江流域重點(diǎn)水域禁捕和建立補(bǔ)償制度實(shí)施方案》，2020年1月1日起，長(zhǎng)江流域的重點(diǎn)水域?qū)⒎诸惙蛛A段實(shí)行漁業(yè)禁捕。

瞿塘峽 (圖片來源：新華社)

Starting from this year, the fishing ban will be observed in 332 conservation areas in the Yangtze River basin, which will also be expanded to all natural waterways of the river and its major tributaries from no later than Jan 1, 2021.

2020年起，長(zhǎng)江流域332個(gè)保護(hù)區(qū)全面禁止生產(chǎn)性捕撈;最遲自2021年1月1日零時(shí)起，禁漁范圍將擴(kuò)大至所有長(zhǎng)江干流和重要支流天然水域。

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

在水文學(xué)上，支流(tributary)指匯入另一條河流(或其他水體)而不直接入海的河流。支流所匯入的河流稱為干流或主流(mainstream)，兩河或多河交匯之處稱為合流或合流處(confluence)。與支流相反的情況稱為分流(distributary)。

長(zhǎng)江干流(the Yangtze River mainstream)是指青海省曲麻萊縣以下至長(zhǎng)江河口的長(zhǎng)江干流江段;重要支流(major tributaries)是指岷江、沱江、赤水河、嘉陵江、烏江、漢江等重要通江河流在甘肅、陜西、云南、貴州、四川、重慶、湖北境內(nèi)的干流江段，大渡河在青海和四川境內(nèi)的干流河段，以及各省份確定的其他重要支流。

Fishing will also be prohibited on natural waterways of large lakes connected to the Yangtze such as the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake for 10 years starting from no later than Jan 1, 2021.

對(duì)鄱陽(yáng)湖、洞庭湖等大型通江湖泊天然水域，最遲自2021年1月1日零時(shí)起實(shí)行暫定為期10年的常年禁捕。

禁捕是有效緩解長(zhǎng)江生物資源衰退和生物多樣性下降危機(jī)的關(guān)鍵之舉。

The Yangtze River has long been suffering from human activities such as overfishing, pollution and damming.

長(zhǎng)江長(zhǎng)期以來受攔河筑壩、水域污染、過度捕撈等人類活動(dòng)的影響。

Biological deterioration has reduced fishing activities along the Yangtze as well, which now only produces 0.32 percent of China's total freshwater aquatic products. In recent years, annual catch from the Yangtze has fallen to less than 100,000 tonnes from more than 420,000 tonnes in the 1950s.

生態(tài)破壞也使得漁業(yè)生產(chǎn)受到嚴(yán)重影響。20世紀(jì)50年代，年長(zhǎng)江流域天然捕撈量超過42萬噸，近年來長(zhǎng)江每年的捕撈量也不足10萬噸，約占全國(guó)淡水水產(chǎn)品總量的0.32%。

多方合力保障28萬漁民生計(jì)

The 10-year ban is estimated to affect more than 113,000 fishing boats and nearly 280,000 fishermen in 10 provincial regions along the river. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has promised to provide social security services, financial support and vocational trainings for fishermen who have to find new ways of living.

根據(jù)測(cè)算，長(zhǎng)江流域重點(diǎn)水域禁捕共涉及沿江10個(gè)省市的合法持證漁船11.3萬多艘、漁民近28萬人。農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部承諾統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)落實(shí)退捕漁民過渡期生活補(bǔ)助、社會(huì)保障、職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)等政策。

禁捕后仍要做大量工作以確保生態(tài)修復(fù)

Efforts will also be made to protect rare species and enhance monitoring over aquatic life in the Yangtze, and to improve protection and management strategies in accordance with biological resource restoration progress.

針對(duì)珍稀物種采取保護(hù)措施;構(gòu)建長(zhǎng)江水生生物調(diào)查監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái);根據(jù)漁業(yè)資源恢復(fù)情況，改進(jìn)保護(hù)管理政策。

【相關(guān)詞匯】

國(guó)家公園體制 national park system

生態(tài)文明 ecological civilization

山水林田湖草系統(tǒng)治理 a holistic approach to conserving mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands

綠水青山就是金山銀山 lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets