大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程第四冊(cè) 1

[00:00.00]They say that pride comes before a fall.In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, [00:07.26]the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible,that nothing could stand in their way. [00:15.67]Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong. [00:20.22]THE ICY DEFENDER By hlila B.smith [00:25.29]IN 1812,napoleon Bonapare,Emperor of the French,led, his Grand Army into Russia. [00:33.49]He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. [00:40.10]He was preprared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow,the capital city. [00:46.86]But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -the raw,bitter,bleak Russian winter. [00:56.53]In 1941,Adolf Hitler,leader of Nazi Germany,launched an attack against the Soviet Uoion,as Russia then was called. [01:07.76]Hitler's military might was unequaled.His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe.Hitler expected a sort campaign [01:19.99]but,like Napoleon before him,was taught a painful lesson.The Russian winter again came to the aid of the soviet soldiers. [01:30.93]Napoleon'Campaign [01:33.81]In the spring of1812,Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia. [01:42.11]The soldiers were well trained,efficient,and well equipped.This military force was called the Grand Army. [01:50.71]Napoleon,confident of a quick victory,predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks. [01:58.31]Shortly afterwards,Napoleon's army crossed the Neman River into Russia. [02:04.03]The quick,decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened.To his surprise, [02:11.68]the Russians refused to stand and fight.Instead,they retreated eastward,burning their crops and homes as they went. [02:20.59]The Grand Army followed,but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow moving supply lines. [02:28.24]In August,the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk,in a battle that left over ten thousand deal on each side. [02:37.31]Yet,the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory.Napoleon had won no decisive victory. [02:45.83]He was now faced with a crucial decision.Should he continue to pursrue the Russian army? [02:52.20]Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter? [02:56.72]Napoleon took the gamble of pressing on to Moscow,448kilometers away.On September7,1812, [03:07.04]the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino,112kilometers west of Moscow.By nightfall, [03:17.41]thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield. [03:24.36]Again,the Russian army retreated to safety.Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow,but the occupation of the city [03:34.13]became an empty victory.The Russians fled their capital.Soon after the French arrived,a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. [03:45.12]Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I,but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: [03:52.44]"We shall let the Russian winter fight the war for us." [03:56.77]Napoleon soon realized he could not feed,clothe ,and quarter hts army in Moscow during the winter. [04:04.04]In October 1812,he ordered hes Grand Army to retreat from Moscow. [04:09.99]The French retreat turned into a nightmare.From fields and forests,the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. [04:19.08]A short distance form Moscow,the temperature had already drppped to minus 4degrees Celsius.On November 3, [04:27.73]the winter's first snow came Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks.Cannon became stuck in the snow. [04:36.90]Equipment had to be burned for fuel.Soldiers took ill and froze to death. [04:43.27]The French soldiers dragged on,leaving the dead along every mile. [04:48.84]As the Russian army was gathering its strength,the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. [04:55.68]At the Berezina River,the Russians nearly trapped the retreating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. [05:03.20]But Napoleon,by a stroke of luck,was able to build two new bridges.Thousands of French soldiers escaped, [05:12.14]but at the cost of fifty thousand dead.Once across the Berezina,the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna. [05:20.78]Of the six hundred thousand soldies Napoleon had led into Russia,less than one hundred thousand came back. [05:28.65]The weakened French army continued its retreat westward across Europe.Soon,Britain,Austria,Russia,and Prussia formed a powerfull alliance [05:38.91]and attacked these stragglers.In March1814,Paris was captured.Napoleon abdicated and went into exile,his empire at an end. [05:49.86]Hitler's Invasion [05:52.42]By early1941,Adolf Hitler,leader of Nazi Germany,had seized control of most of Europe. [05:54.98]To the east of Hitler's German empire was the Soviet Union.On June22,1941,without a declaration of war, [06:03.18]Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the largest military land campaign in history.Confident of a quick victory, [06:13.37]Hitler expected the campaign to last nolonger than three months.He planned to use the blitzkrieg,or"lightning war," [06:23.87]tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe.The invasion had three broad thrusts:against Leningrad and Moscow and through the Ukraine. [06:44.90]Caught off guard by the invasion,Soviet leader Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to "scorch the earth" [06:53.91]in front of the German invaders.Farms and factories were burned,destroyed,or rendered useless.During the first ten weeks of the invasion, [07:01.17]the Germans pushed the front eastward,and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties. [07:08.41]In the north,the Germans closed in on Leningrad.Despite great suffering,however,the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. [07:18.31]As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter,the city's situation became desperate.As food ran out, [07:26.90]people died from hunger and disease.By the middle of the winter of1941-1942, [07:35.47]nearly four thousand people starved to death every day.Close to one million people died as a result of the siege. [07:45.03]In the center of Russia,Hitler's goal was the capture of Moscow.Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, [07:53.65]they had made no plans for winter srpplies.October arrived with heavy rains. [08:00.60]"General Mud"slowed down the movement of the Germans' lightning attack. [08:06.82]As Hitler's armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, [08:11.49]an early,severe winter settled over the Soviet Union,the harshest in years. [08:18.68]Temperatures dropped to minus 48degrees Celsius.Heavy snows fell. [08:25.73]The German soldiers,completely unprepared for the Russian winter,froze in their light summer uniforms. [08:34.25]The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks.The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt. [08:43.00]By the summer of1942,Hitler had launched two new offensives.In the south,the Germans captured Sevastopol. [08:52.72]Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad,a great industrial city that stretched for48kilometers along the Volga River. [09:02.12]Despite great suffering,Soviet defenders refursed to give up Stalingrad. [09:08.31]In November1942,the Russians launched a counterattack.With little or no shelter from the winter the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, [09:18.52]German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies.Not until January1943 did the Germans [09:28.37]give up their siege.Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad,only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. [09:38.95]The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally rurned the tide against Hitler. [09:44.83]The German victories were over,thanks in part to the Russian winter. [09:50.79]During1943 and 1944,the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west.In the north, [10:00.24]the Red Army broke the three-year siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January15,1944.Within two weeks, [10:10.95]the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart.By March1944,the Ukraine farming region was again in Soviet hands. [10:22.81]On May9,1944,Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans.The Russians were now heading for Berlin. [10:32.61]For Hitler,the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster.For the Russian people, [10:42.25]it brought unspeakable suffering.The total Soviet dead in World WarⅡreached almost 23 million. [10:52.33]Russia's Icy Defender [10:54.97]The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.Napoleon and Hitler [11:02.39]both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter.Snow,ice,and freezing temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. [11:12.00]For the Russian people,the winter was an icy defender. [11:16.86]in the case of stand/get/be in the way defender emperor [11:22.85]至于 擋道 保衛(wèi)者 皇帝 [11:28.85]homeland devastating raw bleak [11:32.15]家鄉(xiāng) 毀滅性的 生的 凄涼的 [11:35.46]launch unequaled campaign border [11:39.34]開(kāi)始 無(wú)比的 運(yùn)動(dòng) 邊界 [11:43.22]efficient conquest decisive retreat [11:46.32]效率高的 征服 決定性的 退卻 [11:49.43]bog engage be faced(sb)in sth crucial [11:52.52]阻礙 使從事 面臨 至關(guān)重要的 [11:55.60]gamble press nightfall occupation [11:59.88]賭博 繼續(xù)進(jìn)行 傍晚 職業(yè) [12:04.17]truce czar bide hit-and-run [12:07.37]停戰(zhàn) 沙皇 等待 找了就跑的 [12:10.57]minus Celsius cannon drag on [12:13.61]減 (溫度)攝氏的 大炮 拖延 [12:16.65]swollen stroke at the cost of tattered [12:20.08]漲水的 一次 以……為代價(jià) 衣衫襤褸的 [12:23.50]limp weaken alliance straggler [12:26.45]跛行 變?nèi)?聯(lián)盟 掉隊(duì) [12:29.40]abdicate exile invasion empire [12:32.63]退位 流亡 入侵 帝國(guó) [12:35.85]declaration blitzkrieg mud lightning [12:39.14]宣布 閃電戰(zhàn) 爛泥 閃電式的 [12:42.44]tactic catch sb.off guard instruct scorch [12:46.26]戰(zhàn)術(shù) 趁某人不備 指示 使成焦士 [12:50.09]render German casualty die from/of [12:53.81]使成為 德語(yǔ) 傷亡人員 死于 [12:57.53]siege bring to a halt effensive counterattack [13:01.20]圍困 使停止 進(jìn)攻 反攻 [13:04.88]troop tide thanks to heroic [13:08.06]部隊(duì) 趨勢(shì) 因?yàn)?英雄的 [13:11.25]region reckon underestimate severity [13:14.20]地區(qū) 計(jì)算 低估 嚴(yán)重 [13:17.60]傷亡人數(shù)

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