成人高等教育英語(yǔ)教材3 03

[00:00.00] UNIT 3 [00:29.60]Social Customs [00:34.46]Integrated Skills Development [00:40.80]Passage [00:45.17]Different Cultures and Different Customs [00:50.44]There are many things that we do in our own culture [00:56.79]that we never ask questions about. [01:01.02]We do things without thinking about them [01:05.38]because we have always done them in the same way. [01:10.24]When we are in another culture or with people from a different culture, [01:16.59]we see that people do things in many different ways. [01:22.26]One of the first differences we notice is the forms of address [01:28.42]that are used in the culture. [01:31.98]The language that people use to address each other [01:37.54]tells us many things about a culture. [01:42.19]There are many ways of addressing teachers and students [01:48.43]and introducing oneself in other cultures. [01:53.58]In many parts of the world, [01:57.45]students must show politeness and respect to teachers; [02:03.61]one way of doing this is not to use the teacher's name. [02:09.07]Some teachers in the U.S. don't think it is rude [02:14.82]if their students call them by their first names. [02:19.99]This may be their way of having [02:24.43]a close informal relationship with students. [02:29.29]In the U.S., [02:32.95]one way to show closeness [02:37.02]and friendliness is to use a person's first name. [02:42.98]when Americans greet each other, introduce each other, [02:49.64]and have conversations, [02:53.48]they usually stand an arm's distance (about eighteen inches) [03:00.24]to two feet (twenty-four inches) apart. [03:05.70]This is not always a comfortable distance for people in other cultures, [03:12.47]who may prefer less or more distance. [03:17.12]It is sometimes difficult to know when to shake hands with Americans. [03:24.70]In business situations men always shake hands [03:30.86]when they first meet each other. [03:34.41]Recently, especially in the business world, [03:39.38]women have begun shaking hands, too. [03:44.52]In social situations when two people meet, [03:50.09]they often shake hands. [03:54.03]You may find that younger women shake hands more often than older women do. [04:01.29]When Americans shake hands, [04:06.15]they usually only shake hands for a few seconds. [04:11.61]When they shake, they shake hands firmly, not loosely. [04:17.38]"He shakes hands like a dead fish" [04:22.24]refers to someone whose handshake is not firm enough. [04:28.41]In American culture, a weak handshake is a sign of a weak character. [04:36.17]In other countries people shake hands differently. [04:41.81]They may take the other person's hand loosely [04:47.16]and may shake it for more than a few seconds. [04:52.31]Every language has certain rules of speaking [04:58.55]and every culture has rules about how people [05:03.91]should interact with each other. [05:07.75]These rules are not usually written down, [05:12.89]but are learned by people living together in one culture. [05:18.82]When you learn about other cultural ways of doing things, [05:25.49]you start to think about what you've [05:29.56]been doing in your own language and culture.

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